IR-120 Resin Research Articles

NMR Relaxometry to Monitor InSitu the Loading of Amberlite IR120 and Dowex Marathon MSC Resins With Ni2+ and Cu2+ During a Column Experiment.

The removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater often necessitates the use of ion exchange resins. Current methods for assessing ion exchange efficiency are indirect and destructive. Some heavy metal ions, such as Cu2+ and Ni2+, are paramagnetic and influence the NMR relaxation times of water protons. NMR relaxometry can therefore be utilized to track the removal of these ions by ion exchange resins. In this study, we use relaxometry to monitor insitu the loading with Ni2+ and Cu2+ of Amberlite IR120 and Dowex Marathon MSC resins, with the resin column inserted into a low-field NMR device. The multiexponential transverse relaxation curves were fitted using a biexponential model. Before and during the loading of the resin, the water with the slowest relaxation corresponds to treated water (free of Ni2+ or Cu2+) flowing between the resin beads. After saturation, the slowest fraction corresponds to the untreated solution (containing Ni2+ or Cu2+) flowing between the resin beads saturated with paramagnetic ions. The evolution with time of the transverse relaxation rate and the amplitude of the slowly relaxing water fraction shows a clear transition, occurring later at the bottom of the resin bed compared with the middle and top. This is interpreted as an indication of the saturation of the studied zone with paramagnetic ions, confirmed by the quantification of Ni2+ or Cu2+ in the effluent using AES spectroscopy. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that NMR relaxometry can be used insitu to monitor the loading of a resin bed with paramagnetic ions.

Lactic Acid Production Using Sugarcane Juice as an Alternative Substrate and Purification through Ion-Exchange Resins

The commercial importance of lactic acid (LA) is due to its versatility, especially in the food industry, and for being the precursor of poly-lactic acid, which demands a high-quality LA precursor. The overall LA production process still has some bottlenecks related to costs; thus, alternative substrates such as sugarcane juice may reduce the cost of the fermentation medium and provide a favorable environment for the Lactobacillus pentosus strain, which continues to be explored. In this context, this work presents the process of producing LA from sugarcane juice. The LA purification method is also described using different ion-exchange resins, both in packed columns and in a stirred tank. The fermentation kinetics showed the highest LA production of 113.74 g/L in 96 h, in which a productivity of 1.18 g LA/L∙h was reached. Among the purification techniques, the combined use of Amberlite IR120 and IRA-67 resins under agitation in a stirred tank was the best condition, and resulted in a final LA concentration of 189.11 g/L after 120 min, with 95% LA mass recovery. This result demonstrates a simplified way to use ion-exchange resins safely and in a controlled environment, and with process scale-up viability.

Optimizing ciprofloxacin removal using ion exchange resin: Exploring operational parameters and assessing toxicity

The present study investigates the adsorption behavior of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) onto the cationic resin Amberlite IR120. Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were conducted to assess the influence of resin mass (0.02 to 0.19 g), agitation rate (200 to 500 rpm), pH (2 to 11), and temperature (15 to 45 °C) on the efficiency of CIP removal. Non-linear models, coupled with error functions such as coefficient of determination (r2) and the sum of squared residuals (SQR), were employed to assess the compatibility between kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich) and isotherm adsorption equations (Langmuir and Freundlich). The IR120 resin underwent characterization through scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), laser granulometry, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET), and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Utilizing the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of CIP was determined to be 37 mg g−1. Based on the r2 values obtained from the kinetic models, the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models exhibited the best fit for all experimental data. Optimal conditions for the adsorption occurred at pH 7, temperature of 15 °C, resin mass of 0.08 g, and agitation rate at 300 rpm. Remarkably, complete elimination of toxicity towards Escherichia coli organisms was achieved, evidenced by the absence of antibacterial effects after 60 min of operation. Consequently, the results suggest that IR120 holds promising potential as an adsorbent for CIP removal.

Sorption of Lead, Zinc and Copper from Simulated Wastewater by Amberlite Ir-120 Resin

The presence of heavy metals in the environment is major concern due to their toxicity. In the present study a strong acid cation exchange resin, Amberlite IR 120 was used for the removal of lead, zinc and copper from simulated wastewater. The optimum conditions were determined in a batch system of concentration 100 mg/L, pH range between 1 and 8, contact time between 5 and 120 minutes, and amount of adsorbent was from 0.05 to 0.45 g/100 ml. A constant stirring speed, 180 rpm, was chosen during all of the experiments. The optimum conditions were found to be pH of 4 for copper and lead and pH 6 for zinc, contact time of 60 min and 0.35 g of adsorbent. Three different temperatures (25, 40 and 60°C) were selected to investigate the effect of adsorption temperature on heavy metals adsorption onto Amberlite IR. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes were calculated. Moreover, in order to understand the heavy metal extraction kinetics in the presence of Amberlite IR 120, the ion exchange kinetics was also studied. The ion exchange kinetics data were regressed by the pseudo first-order, second-order models. The results obtained show that the Amberlite IR 120 strong acid cation exchange resin performed well for the removal of lead, zinc and copper.

Selective removal of ammonia from wastewater using Cu(II)-loaded Amberlite IR-120 resin and its catalytic application for removal of dyes

Cationic ligand exchange is one of the most predominant mechanisms for the removal of ammonia from wastewater through complex formation. The complexation technique occurs between the metal ions loaded on the surface of Amberlite IR-120 and ammonia which is present in the medium. Cu(II)-loaded Amberlite IR-120 (R-Cu2+) was prepared and described using FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and EDX techniques. The prepared R-Cu2+ was applied for the elimination of ammonia from an aqueous solution. Different cations such as Co2+ and Ni2+ were loaded onto Amberlite IR-120 to study the impact of counter cation on the removal efficiency of ammonia. The ammonia removal percentage followed the order; R-Cu2+ > R-Ni2+ > R-Co2+. The effects of contact time, pH, initial concentration, temperature, and coexisting ions on the removal of ammonia from wastewater by R-Cu2+ were investigated. The equilibrium adsorbed amount of ammonia was found to be 200 mg/g at pH = 8.6 and 303 K within 60 min using 0.1 g R-Cu2+ and an initial concentration of ammonia of 1060 mg/L. The removal of ammonia using R-Cu2+ obeyed the non-linear plot of both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. According to the thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption of ammonia onto R-Cu2+ was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The time-adsorption data followed the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. Moreover, the resulting product (R-Cu(II)-amine composite) from the adsorption process exhibited high catalytic activity and could be low-cost material for the elimination of dyes such as aniline blue (AB), methyl green (MG), and methyl violet 2B (MV2B) from wastewater.Graphical

Nonanoic acid esterification with 2-ethylhexanol: From batch to continuous operation

Nonanoic acid is considered a feedstock of growing interest due to the promising applicability of its derivatives. It can be obtained from vegetable oils, one of the products of oleic acid oxidation. Recently, a very interesting application of the ester obtained from nonanoic acid esterification with 2-ethylhexanol was found. In fact, it showed excellent properties as solvent for varnishes. The aim of this work was the kinetic investigation of the nonanoic acid esterification with 2-ethylhexanol in batch and continuous reactors, promoted by Amberlyst-15 and Amberlite IR120 resins, and to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the mentioned technology in flow systems. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the collected experimental data taking into account all the phenomena appearing in the system: intrinsic kinetics, mass transfer and flow pattern. Experiments were also conducted in the continuous packed bed reactor to compare the catalyst performances and validate the results obtained in the batch reactor. The best nonanoic acid conversion (85%) was obtained fixing T = 363 K, Q = 4.17·10−9 m3/s with an alcohol:acid molar ratio of 5:1 using Amberlyst-15 as heterogeneous catalyst.

Lactic acid recovery from date pulp waste fermentation broth by ions exchange resins

The recovery of lactic acid (LA) from fermentation broth remains a challenge considering its purity and purification cost. The use of ion-exchange resins to recover lactic acid (LA) from the broth of date pulp waste fermented with indigenous bacteria was explored in this study. For this purpose, commercially available AmberliteIRI-67 and IR-120 resins were utilized to purify and recover LA from the broth. The effect of pH, initial concentration, and binding ability was optimized in the initial set of experiments. LA was extracted from the fermentation broth by a weak anion exchanger followed by a cation exchanger. The maximum adsorption capacity of LA (150 mg/g) was observed with weak anion resin at an initial pH 3. The pH showed a significant effect, and a pH value below the pKa of LA was found to be favorable for high adsorption capacity. In a fixed-bed column, 91% LA recovery with 94.6% optical purity was achieved from real fermentation broth. Both resins remained stable during the recovery of LA. Successful desorption and regeneration (98.2% recovery of LA) of the anion-exchange resin was achieved using 1 M HCl as an eluent. Compared to the Freundlich model, the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model (R 2 = 0 .90-0.99) matched the experimental results fairly well. The results of this study showed that the ion exchange chromatography technique with weak anion and strong cation exchangers has the potential to be used for LA recovery from fermentation broth. • LA extracted from the fermentation broth by a weak anion followed by a cation exchanger. • The maximum adsorption of LA (150 mg/g) was observed with weak anion resin at an initial pH 3. • In a fixed-bed column, 91% LA recovery with 95% optical purity from the fermentation broth was achieved. • Successful desorption (98.2% LA) of the anion-exchange resin with 1 M HCl was achieved. • Langmuir and DR isotherm model (R 2 90-99) matched the experimental results fairly well.

Potential separation of zirconium and some lanthanides of the nuclear and industrial interest from zircon mineral using cation exchanger resin

The present study is conducted for developing separation of some elements of nuclear interest from zirconium-concentrate explored from Egyptian zircon mineral, using certain cationic exchangers. The main results revealed that Amberlite IR-120 is more efficient than Chelex-100 for separating La and Zr in 0.01 mol. L−1 (various acid, carbonate) from single or binary solution with separation factor (SF) of ∼2.1 × 103 (HCl) > 239 (HNO3) >56 (K2CO3) > 17.5 (HClO4). Separation of La and Zr was largely influenced by acid concentration, equilibration period, and temperature. Thermodynamically, values of and indicated that retention of the metal ions is disordered and endothermic nature. In a column application, Zr is separately eluted without La; with recoveries reached to 98% for Zr and 50% to 67% for La. The larger negativity of free energy of hydration of Zr (−6950 KJ/mol) that of La (−3418 KJ/mol) confirm that Zr exists as a non-sorptive species; meanwhile La forms adsorptive species onto the column bed resin. As a result, this study can be extended in the future to help exploration of the strategic elements (e.g., Zr, Hf, lanthanides) from their minerals in Egypt. Moreover, developed procedure by Amberlite IR-120 resin can be considered as highly efficient and promising for separation and purification of tri-valence lanthanides (e.g., La3+) and/or actinides (e.g., Am3+) from tetra-valence metal ions such as Zr4+ and Hf4+ or their homologous as Ce4+, Th4+ and Np4+.

Imparting UiO-66 with fast cation exchange property via sulfonating organic linkers for selective adsorption

Adsorption is the simplest in operation and most cost-effective approach to remove pollutants in an aqueous environment. Advanced adsorbents providing selective ion adsorption of target dyes in an aqueous environment are desirable to ensure good water quality before discharged as wastewater. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), despite high surface area and high porosity, generally exhibit poor ion-selectivity, thus, hindering their applications in dye removal from industrial wastewater. We report, for the first time, the high cation exchange performance of UiO-66 functionalized via sulfonation of its organic linkers (UiO-66-SO3H). More than 90% of cationic methylene blue dye solution was adsorbed by the UiO-66-SO3H while rejecting 100% anionic acid blue dye. The cation adsorption selectivity of UiO-66-SO3H is superior to the performance of the commercially available cation exchange Amberlite IR-120 resin. The synthesis of the sulfonated UiO-66 is simple and scalable. This material is promising for the industrial-based applications in aqueous-based separations of ions, and dye removal from wastewater.

Sorption behavior and mechanism of oxytetracycline from simulated wastewater by Amberlite IR-120 resin

The adsorption of oxytetracycline from aqueous solution by the resin Amberlite IR 120 was studied. The effect of different experimental parameters such as contact time, initial concentration of OTC 40-200 mg/l, initial pH 2-12 of aqueous solution, adsorbent dose 0.5-3 g/l, and stirring speed 100-700 rpm on the adsorption of OTC were investigated. The kinetic adsorption experimental results were analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models. The adsorption process was found to follow a pseudo-second order kinetic model and the corresponding rate constants were obtained. A film-pore diffusion (FPD) mass transfer model has been developed to predict the concentration distribution in the fluid phase, based on the external mass transfer coefficient and the effective diffusion coefficient. The values of the external mass transfer coefficient (βL) and effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) were found to decrease with increasing OTC concentration. The comparison between the experimental and the theoretical curves allowed us to note that the film-pore diffusion mass transfer model gave a good agreement with the experimental data for all the values of initial OTC concentration.

Performance of Some Ion-Exchange Resins in Removal of 241Am(III), 152+154Eu(III), 99Mo(VI), 137Cs(I), and 60Co(II) from Simulated Nuclear Acidic Solutions

Separation of 241Am(III), 152+154Eu(III), and 60Co(II) radionuclides from nitric acid solutions by the batch method using KU-2, TRU, and Amberlite® IR-120(H) resins was studied. The separation factors (SFs) of radionuclides are affected by the HNO3 concentration and resin type. In 3 M HNO3, the SF of 152+154Eu from 60Co and 241Am with the KU-2 resin was 628 and 26.48, respectively. In 0.01 M HNO3, the SF of 241Am from 60Co with the TRU resin reached 83. All the resins used showed good radiation resistance and stability up to 100 kGy. Simulated nuclear liquid waste containing minor actinides (241Am), lanthanides (152+154Eu), fission products (137Cs and 99Mo), and activation products (60Co) was successfully treated using column chromatography with the KU-2 resin. The radionuclides were stripped using 1.5 M aqueous HNO3 with 70–82% degree of stripping in one stage. Thus, the KU-2 and TRU resins can be used for treatment of the high level corrosion products containing trivalent long-lived minor actinides (5d elements, e.g., Am and Cm), lanthanides (4f elements) and/or divalent heavy metals (3d elements), associated with a nuclear power plant.

Low resolution benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance for the follow-up of the removal of Cu2+ and Cr3+ from water by amberlite IR120 ion exchange resin

Water pollution by heavy metals is a major environmental concern. For example, copper and chromium are produced by metal and electronic industries and must be removed from wastewater. But Cu2+ and Cr3+ are also paramagnetic ions which previously allowed the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry to follow their migration in several matrixes and their adsorption on different compounds. In this work, the removal of Cu2+ and Cr3+ from water by amberlite IR120 resin is studied with T2 relaxometry. The ion exchange process obeys a pseudo-second-order kinetics model, while the equilibrium isotherms can be fitted by the Langmuir theory providing values of 79 and 10.1 mg/g for the maximum metal content per gram of resin for Cu2+ and Cr3+ respectively. The equilibrium constants are 2.07 and 0.61 mM−1 for Cu2+ and Cr3+ respectively. pH does not influence the removal capacity of the resin in the studied range (pH 2–4.5). The longitudinal and transverse relaxation of the wet resin are shown to be biexponential. The relaxation rate of the fast relaxing water fraction of the wet resin is correlated with its Cu2+ or Cr3+ content. This paves the way of column experiments in which the gradual loading of the resin with Cu2+ or Cr3+ could be followed on-line by NMR relaxometry.

URANIUM REMOVAL FROM NITRATE SOLUTION BY CATION EXCHANGE RESIN (AMBERLITE IR 120), ADSORPTION AND KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS

The present work aims to study the adsorption behavior of uranium ions from nitrate solutions usingthe strong acid cation exchange Amberlite IR120 resin. Batch shaking sorption experiments are carriedout to evaluate the performance of the studied resin in the uranium adsorption. The adsorption parametersincluding contact time, pH, initial uranium concentration and temperature have been optimized. Thephysical parameters including the adsorption kinetics, the isotherm models and the thermodynamic datahave also been determined to describe the nature of the uranium adsorption by the investigated resin.The modellated data has been found to agree with both the exothermic pseudo first order reaction and theLangmuir isotherm. The applied procedure was used for uranium ions removal from scrub and raffinateliquors.

Bitterness Reduction of Cold Pressed Grapefruit Seed Oil by Adsorbent Treatment

The goal of this study is to remove bitterness of cold pressed grapefruit seed oil by adsorbent treatments. The oil is treated with amberlites XAD7, IR120, and IRA400 resins, and natural zeolite, sepiolite, and montmorillonite at 3% (w/w) level. Oil physicochemical properties, oil flavonoid, phenolic acid and phytosterol compositions, oil sensory descriptive analysis, oil consumer preferences as well as properties of the adsorbents are determined. The largest surface area, pore radius, pore volume, and oleic acid adsorption capacity are observed for natural sepiolite, zeolite and XAD7 amberlite. Adsorbent treatment usually reduced oil viscosity, free acidity, and soap content. In removal of flavonoids, natural sepiolite, zeolite and XAD7 resin are the most successful. Reductions from 3.0 to 60.0% are quantified. Phytosterol composition is not changed significantly by adsorbent treatment. Quantitative sensory descriptive data shows that natural sepiolite at first, followed by natural zeolite and amberlite XAD7 reduced bitterness and throatcatching scores almost by half, but consumer preference test results shows that these reductions were not enough for consumers to accept the taste/flavor of the treated oils. Hence, bitterness removal from grapefruit seed oil still remains as a research challenge.Practical Applications: To utilize cold pressed grapefruit seed oil for direct human consumption, the inherent bitterness needs to be removed. This study shows that almost half levels of sensorially perceived bitterness could be removed by natural sepiolite, zeolite, and amberlite XAD7 adsorbents. Although consumers find the treated oils still bitter, the treated oils could be used in formulated food preparations or in blend with other vegetable oils.Cold pressed grapefruit seed oils are treated with various adsorbents to remove bitterness, and then evaluated by analytical techniques and sensory evaluations.

Nanoparticles Decorated on Resin Particles and Their Flame Retardancy Behavior for Polymer Composites

New nanocomposites have been developed by doping of amberlite IR120 resin with spherical TiO2 nanoparticles in the presence of maleate diphosphate. Polystyrene composites of resin, maleate diphosphate, and resin-maleate diphosphate were prepared individually. This is in addition to preparation of polymer nanocomposites of polystyrene-resin doped TiO2 nanoparticles-maleate diphosphate. The flame retardancy and thermal stability properties of these developed polymer composites were evaluated. The inclusion of resin and resin doped nanoparticles improved the fire retardant behavior of polystyrene composites and enhanced their thermal stability. Synergistic behavior between flame retardant, resin, and nanoparticles was detected. The rate of burning of the polymer nanocomposites was recorded as 10.7 mm/min achieving 77% reduction compared to pure polystyrene (46.5 mm/min). The peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the new polymer composites has reduced achieving 46% reduction compared to blank polymer. The morphology and dispersion of nanoparticles on resin and in polymer nanocomposites were characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The flame retardancy and thermal properties were evaluated using UL94 flame chamber, cone tests, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively.

Strategies of detoxification and fermentation for biotechnological production of xylitol from sugarcane bagasse

The aim of this study was to evaluate strategies of detoxification and fermentation of the hemicellulosic liquors obtained from sugarcane bagasse autohydrolysis, for the biotechnological production of xylitol. Different sequences of detoxification treatments were performed, and their effects on sugars loss and inhibitors removal were evaluated. Fermentation assays were accomplished with commercial xylose to select the best yeast (C. guilliermondii, C. tropicalis) and the fermentation conditions of the detoxified spent liquors. Detoxification through a sequence of treatments, including Ca(OH)2, IR-120 resin, activated charcoal, and IRA-67 resin, practically removed all inhibitors from the hemicellulosic spent liquors. Maximal concentration of xylitol obtained was 32.0gL⿿1 (C. tropicalis, xylose: 104.1gL⿿1, yield: 0.46gg⿿1, productivity: 0.27gL⿿1h⿿1). The technological parameters to obtain a detoxified spent liquor rich in xylose and its bioconversion to xylitol were determined.

Cation resin fixed-bed column for the recovery of valuable THAM reagent from the wastewater

Abstract Two commercial available cation resins, i.e. Amberlite IR-120 and Dowex HCR-W2, were tested as ion exchange adsorbents to investigate their isotherms, kinetics, breakthrough characteristics and regeneration on removal and recovery of tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) from wastewater. Batch and column experiments were investigated to obtain experimental data for theoretical modelling and verify the column performance of the ion exchange process. The Langmuir isotherm represents better equilibrium behavior of both resins on TMAH uptake. The ion exchange kinetics follows the pseudo second order rate law also for both resins. Furthermore, breakthrough characteristics study shows the breakthrough curves follow the Thomas model and Yoon–Nelson model very well. The recovery efficiencies of TMAH were obtained as 99.6 and 98.0% from wastewater by ion exchange resin column by using 9 N HCl regeneration for Amberlite IR-120 and Dowex HCR-W2 resins, respectively. The comparative study on TMAH ion exchange removal by Amberlite IR-120 and Dowex HCR-W2 resins in fixed bed column suggested that Dowex HCR-W2 demonstrates higher ion exchange capacity than that of Amberlite IR-120 resin.

Amberlite IR-120(H)-mediated “on water” synthesis of novel anticancer ruthenium(ii)–p-cymene 2-pyridinylbenzothiazole (BTZ), 2-pyridinylbenzoxazole (BOZ) & 2-pyridinylbenzimidazole (BIZ) scaffolds

A class of novel Ru(ii)–p-cymene BTZ, BOZ & BIZ complexes have been synthesized “on water” using Amberlite IR-120(H) resin and their anticancer activities were evaluated.

An efficient green synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazole analogues as potent antibacterial and anticancer agents.

We have demonstrated a novel and green approach for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazole analogues. A number of 2-aryl and heteroaryl benzothiazole scaffolds were synthesized using Amberlite IR-120 resin under microwave irradiation. The catalytic role and reusability of the resin was well established here. 2-Substituted benzothiazole analogues (3a-l) were also tested against several bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella) and cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HeLa). The stability of compound 2-phenyl benzothiazole (3a) and 2-pyridin-2-yl-benzothiazole (3k) in GSH (0.01mM dissolved in DMSO) was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Compound 3k also shows remarkable fluorescence in MeOH.

Neutron Activated Samarium-153 Microparticles for Transarterial Radioembolization of Liver Tumour with Post-Procedure Imaging Capabilities.

IntroductionSamarium-153 (153Sm) styrene divinylbenzene microparticles were developed as a surrogate for Yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres in liver radioembolization therapy. Unlike the pure beta emitter 90Y, 153Sm possess both therapeutic beta and diagnostic gamma radiations, making it possible for post-procedure imaging following therapy.MethodsThe microparticles were prepared using commercially available cation exchange resin, Amberlite IR-120 H+ (620–830 μm), which were reduced to 20–40 μm via ball mill grinding and sieve separation. The microparticles were labelled with 152Sm via ion exchange process with 152SmCl3, prior to neutron activation to produce radioactive 153Sm through 152Sm(n,γ)153Sm reaction. Therapeutic activity of 3 GBq was referred based on the recommended activity used in 90Y-microspheres therapy. The samples were irradiated in 1.494 x 1012 n.cm-2.s-1 neutron flux for 6 h to achieve the nominal activity of 3.1 GBq.g-1. Physicochemical characterisation of the microparticles, gamma spectrometry, and in vitro radiolabelling studies were carried out to study the performance and stability of the microparticles.ResultsFourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the Amberlite IR-120 resins showed unaffected functional groups, following size reduction of the beads. However, as shown by the electron microscope, the microparticles were irregular in shape. The radioactivity achieved after 6 h neutron activation was 3.104 ± 0.029 GBq. The specific activity per microparticle was 53.855 ± 0.503 Bq. Gamma spectrometry and elemental analysis showed no radioactive impurities in the samples. Radiolabelling efficiencies of 153Sm-Amberlite in distilled water and blood plasma over 48 h were excellent and higher than 95%.ConclusionThe laboratory work revealed that the 153Sm-Amberlite microparticles demonstrated superior characteristics for potential use in hepatic radioembolization.