IPTV Services Research Articles

Investigating IPTV Malware in the Wild

Technologies providing copyright-infringing IPTV content are commonly used as an illegal alternative to legal IPTV subscriptions and services, as they usually have lower monetary costs and can be more convenient for users who follow content from different sources. These infringing IPTV technologies may include websites, software, software add-ons, and physical set-top boxes. Due to the free or low cost of illegal IPTV technologies, illicit IPTV content providers will often resort to intrusive advertising, scams, and the distribution of malware to increase their revenue. We developed an automated solution for collecting and analysing malware from illegal IPTV technologies and used it to analyse a sample of illicit IPTV websites, application (app) stores, and software. Our results show that our IPTV Technologies Malware Analysis Framework (IITMAF) classified 32 of the 60 sample URLs tested as malicious compared to running the same test using publicly available online antivirus solutions, which only detected 23 of the 60 sample URLs as malicious. Moreover, the IITMAF also detected malicious URLs and files from 31 of the sample’s websites, one of which had reported ransomware behaviour.

The Relationship between the Service Quality of IPTV Home Training and Consumers’ Exercise Satisfaction and Continuous Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study aims to provide operators with measures for successful IPTV utilisation by identifying the quality of IPTV services for home training and analysing the relationship between consumers’ exercise satisfaction and continuous use to respond to the COVID-19 era. To achieve the research purpose, people who exercise at home using IPTV home training pro-grams were selected as the sample population. The relationship between efficiency, availability, security, and practicability, which are sub-factors of the service quality of IPTV home training, was analysed for exercise satisfaction and continuous use. The analysis methods include frequency analysis and Cronbach’s α using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. Validation was conducted through correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model analysis. In addition, Harman’s one-factor verification was conducted to determine the common method bias. All statistically significant levels were set at the p < 0.05 level. The results show that efficiency, availability, security, and practicability have a positive effect on exercise satisfaction, and exercise satisfaction has a positive effect on continuous use. First, during COVID-19, IPTV plays an important role in helping consumers exercise at home and indoors. Second, the subjects of this study showed that individuals 40 years old and older are exercising the most. Therefore, it is assumed that consumers will continue to participate if they provide programs that young people can do. Third, since various human disasters, natural disasters, and other un-predictable phenomena such as COVID-19 are occurring worldwide, policymakers should try to activate programs such as IPTV’s home training that can be done indoors.

Why do Korean users intend to subscribe to global OTT service through their local IPTV service?

Korean local IPTV users have another option to subscribe to and use the global OTT service through the cooperation between their IPTV service and global OTT service. Though the success of this cooperation will likely depend on users' responses to it, there are few studies to examine users' intention to subscribe to new global OTT service through local IPTV service. This study aims to examine why Korean users intend to subscribe to global OTT service through their local IPTV service. We conducted an online survey with current users of LG Uplus IPTV who were aware of Disney Plus, and we analyzed the model using the PLS-SEM method. The results showed that the perceived value of global OTT service was a major factor affecting IPTV users' intentions to subscribe to global OTT service through local IPTV service. The results also indicated the perceived monetary value of global OTT and the diversity of local (Korean) content would be crucial factor affecting the perceived value of global OTT service. However, users' dissatisfaction with local IPTV did not appear to affect users’ intentions.

Best IPTV Service Provider

Best IPTV Service Provider

Analysis of Consumer Trends in the Telecommunications Markets of Russia and Vietnam

By way of descriptive and comparative analysis, the subscriber bases and revenues of television, fixed and mobile telephony, and fixed and mobile broadband segments of the Russian and Vietnamese telecommunications markets for the period of 2015-2019 were analysed. The results of the study revealed similar global trends in the telecommunications markets of Russia and Vietnam. Fixed and mobile telephony revenues are declining, since customers prefer new communication technologies to the old ones. The television subscriber base is growing in both countries; TV revenues are increasing in the Russian market and somewhat declining in the Vietnamese telecommunications market. With further penetration of broadband, more customers are upgrading their television from Free TV to Pay TV (IPTV and OTT services). The results of the study confirmed the global consumer trends in telecommunications markets and the applicability of approaches used herein for other countries.

Improved algorithm for enhance robustness of IPTV based on GEPON

Abstract Ten Gigabit-capable ethernet passive optical network (GEPON) can quickly improve network bandwidth, meet multilevel business needs, and quickly improve the comprehensive competitiveness of the network. It is well known that the 10G EPON access network technology is used to carry IPTV services, VoIP services and high-speed Internet access, known as “triple play”, and IPTV services have been particularly popular in recent years. As the demand for IPTV service increases exponentially, a large amount of data will be generated, occupying a large access bandwidth and causing an impact on other services. Therefore, reasonable scheduling of IPTV service queue is an urgent problem to be solved under multiservice environment at present. Therefore, the design of PON bearing IPTV robustness algorithm to meet user experience is the focus of this paper. This paper proposes a Forward Error Correction with Weight Round Robin algorithm (FWRR), which adopts RS error correction code and Weighted Round Robin algorithm based on IP layer. When IPTV packet is lost at optical line terminal (OLT) end, downlink optical network unit (ONU) can recover the lost data through received packets. This mechanism can effectively solve the problem of packet loss caused by the blocking of OLT end, and realize the scheme of PON carrying IPTV multicast service. Simulations results in OPNET show that compared with weighted round robin (WRR) algorithm and round robin (RR) algorithm, FWRR mechanism can reduce packet loss, delay and jitter, in addition, improve the robustness of IPTV service in GEPON.

User Abnormal Viewing Behavior Detection Method Based On Canopy-FCM and Improved Isolation Forest Algorithm

In order to analyze the users’ viewing behavior more accurately, allow IPTV service providers to provide better services to users, and improve the user’s viewing experience, this paper proposes a detection method of abnormal user viewing behavior based on Canopy-FCM and improved isolation forest algorithm. First, the collected viewership data is preprocessed and stored with the user viewing behavior matrix, then the Canopy-FCM clustering algorithm is used to classify users with the same rating behavior. Then, an improved isolated forest algorithm is used to perform anomaly detection and analysis on the users classified above, and finally screen out abnormal user viewing behaviors. Finally, NMI indicators and ROC curves are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm to verify the feasibility of the proposed anomaly detection method. The results show that the method proposed in this paper has a high precision and recall rate for detecting users with abnormal ratings.

Predicting the Session of an P2P IPTV User through Support Vector Regression (SVR)

Scalability and ease of implementation make Peer-to-Peer (P2P) infrastructure an attractive option for live video streaming. Peer end-users or peers in these networks have extremely complex features and exhibit unpredictable behavior, i.e. any peer may join or exit the network without prior notice. Peers' dynamics is considered one of the key problems impacting the Quality of Service (QoS) of the P2P based IPTV services. Since, peer dynamics results in video disruption to consumer peers, for smooth video distribution, stable peer identification and selection is essential. Many research works have been conducted on stable peer identification using classical statistical methods. In this paper, a model based on machine learning is proposed in order to predict the length of a user session on entering the network. This prediction can be utilized in topology management such as offloading the departing peer before its exit. Consequently, this will help peers to select stable provider peers, which are the ones with longer session duration. Furthermore, it will also enable service providers to identify stable peers in a live video streaming network. Results indicate that the SVR based model performance is superior to an existing Bayesian network model.

ОЦЕНКА ПАРАМЕТРОВ QOS ДЛЯ БЕСПЕРЕБОЙНОЙ РАБОТЫ IPTV

This article describes the IPTV system, as well as its implementation methods and related protocols. The concept of IPTV includes both real-time television and recording television, the so-called VoD. In real time, streaming data is sent using only the RTP protocol and in addition to it, the RTSP protocol is used for streaming VoD. In addition, methods for measuring QoS parameters are analyzed, considering practical applications for estimating IPTV traffic parameters. An important feature of providing quality IPTV services is a high level of quality of service. Also, in theory, an Internet connection model with insufficient network bandwidth is considered. The following characteristics are taken into account: bandwidth, one-way delay, inter-packet jitter, the number of lost packets, the number of duplicated packets, packets with errors, and damaged packets. A reordering issue is mentioned. In addition, two important QoS parameters for VoD are measured: START delay and PAUSE / RESUME delays. Service messaging is considered while providing IPTV service. The maximum, average, and minimum values for the network quality of service parameters are found.

An Observation and Analysis of IPTV and Multicasting Traffic

IP TV is the short form of Internet protocol television. It’s the technology that allows us to get television services via internet protocol over the computer networks instead of traditional cable TV medium. The multicasting technology is used in IPTV to send one packet that is being originated from one station to multiple stations at a time, is referred as broadcasting of internet version [16]. This paper describes the functionality of IPTV protocol and Multicasting with a short background of its. We also have studied on various compression techniques of audio and video file and format. Our main intention was to observed how various protocols works with IPTV services like Protocol independent module (PIM), Internet group messages protocol (IGMP), and Cisco group management protocol (CGMP) when packets are interchanged with in router, switch, video server and clients. To observe these, a lab work on IPTV has been conducted and the findings have been discussed.

Performance Analysis of Adaptive Multicast Streaming Services in Wireless Cellular Networks

To improve bandwidth efficiency, multicast is used for mobile IPTV services. However, conventional multicast employs the most robust (lowest rate) modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for all multicasting channels to ensure that all users in a cell can receive videos with acceptable quality, leading to the worst spectral efficiency. To improve spectral efficiency, the adaptive MCS multicasting (aMCSm) scheme, which dynamically adjusts the MCS of each multicasting channel according to channel users’ received signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), was proposed. In this paper, the blocking rate, dropping rate, and bandwidth usage of mobile IPTV services under the aMCSm and the proposed admission control mechanism were analyzed based on a Markovian queueing model. The proposed mathematical model considers adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), time-varying link characteristics, channel popularity, and channel switching behavior. Numerical results demonstrate that our mathematical analyses are accurate and the aMCSm achieves better blocking rate and bandwidth usage performance, compared with the conventional multicast and multi-partition multicast schemes. The impact of channel switching or MCS variation on the performance of mobile IPTV services was investigated as well.

Design and Analysis of CQI Feedback Reduction Mechanism for Adaptive Multicast IPTV in Wireless Cellular Networks

To guarantee that all mobile users in a cell can watch video with acceptable quality, conventional multicast IPTV services use the most robust modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for video transmission, resulting in worse spectral efficiency. To enhance the spectral efficiency, the adaptive multicast IPTV using the adaptive MCS based on signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) or channel quality indicators (CQIs) was proposed in the literature. However, the CQI feedback messages induced by the adaptive multicast IPTV incur additional signaling overhead. Thus, a novel CQI feedback scheme was proposed in this paper to effectively decrease the amount of CQI feedback messages while preserving the system performance. Additionally, the CQI feedback rates of various CQI feedback schemes were theoretically analyzed based on the multi-dimensional Markovian model. Numerical results show that the proposed CQI feedback mechanism significantly reduces the CQI feedback rate without sacrificing the system performance and outperforms other existing CQI feedback schemes. Moreover, the analytical results almost coincide with simulation results, demonstrating that the theoretic analyses are accurate.

Design and Implementation of a Network Infrastructure for Providing IPTV Service in a Small City

Design and Implementation of a Network Infrastructure for Providing IPTV Service in a Small City

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A study on the control of smart device set-top box using image based reverse mirroring technology

To measure the quality of service of IPTV, the quality of service (QoS) is measured at the front end of the subscriber’s STB. As is well known, QoS measures how reliably data are transmitted in a given network status. For example, the RTP packet header is scanned to analyze the packet loss, delay, jitter, etc. The IPTV services, however, send video data, including video and audio signals, and video data are sensitive to human sight and hearing. Back-mirroring technology is a function that enables the smart device to be utilized as a remote control device for interactive operation by wirelessly transmitting the screen of Android-based broadcasting devices (IPTV, smart TV, set-top box, etc.). In this paper, we suggest an advanced method and more diverse set of controls in order to process the signal from the set-top boxes or TV etc., suggesting that they are more convenient and more versatile. Using this solution, users will be able to use smart devices to increase user convenience and additional content markets by providing the same user convenience as smart devices, such as touch, drag, scaling, and scaling.

Analysis of IPTV services in LANWLAN networks

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

Interactive Videos in IPTV using Hypervideolinks

One of the main advantages of IPTV is the full duplex capability communication between the TV provider and the clients. This interactivity allows the TV providers to obtain extra information from the clients. Moreover, the clients could even take profit of this type communication to allow surfing between videos. This feature cannot be used in Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT). In this paper, we will show the development of an interactive video using hypervideolinks for IPTV services. Moreover, we will detail the protocol procedure between the TV provider and the clients. Some real measurements will be provided in order to show the bandwidth consumed and the number of packets needed for this service by each client.

Методика расчета параметров линии доступа мультисервисной сет и

The problem of estimating rate plan settings on multiservice access networks is stated. Given the triple-play nature of broadband services we formulate the interconnection between the standard service set and available access port settings – output packet buffer capacity and bandwith. We discuss usual Internet Service Provider access network from the last uplink to the end-user customer equipment access port. As an industry standard we choose IP-Television, internet data transfer and streaming video as primary services. Baseline protocols of these services are stated along with respective quality of service requirements. IP-TV service is modeled according to DVB-IPTV standard with H.264 encoding using MPEG-TS multiplexing streams over RTP and UDP protocols with IP-multicast distribution. Using experimental data we show high burstiness of H.264 traffic patterns and take care of it cduring calculation of required bandwith parameters. Data transfer service represented by popular TCP-based internet applications. We are giving attention to TCP flow control algorithms and to Application level flow control. From experimental data and industry adopted baselines of internet applications we estimate quality of service parameters as a function of customer connection settings. Unlike usual ISP approximations of core links capacity, out method allows to estimate access port settings as a function of rate plan for required service set and quality of service.

Алгоритм оптимизации сети провайдера услуг IPTV с комбинацией режимов UNICAST и MULTICAST

Алгоритм оптимизации сети провайдера услуг IPTV с комбинацией режимов UNICAST и MULTICAST

Queueing Analysis of Unicast IPTV With Adaptive Modulation and Coding in Wireless Cellular Networks

Unicast IPTV services that can support live TV, video-on-demand (VoD), video conferencing, and online gaming applications over broadband wireless cellular networks have been becoming popular in recent years. However, video streaming services significantly impact the performance of wireless cellular networks because they are bandwidth hogs. To maintain the system performance, effective admission control and resource allocation mechanisms based on an accurate mathematical analysis are required. On the other hand, the quality of a wireless link usually changes with time due to the user mobility or time-varying channel characteristics. To counteract such time-varying channels and improve the spectral efficiency, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme can be adopted in offering unicast IPTV services for mobile users. In this paper, closed-form solutions for the bandwidth usage, blocking rate, and dropping rate of unicast IPTV services over wireless cellular networks were derived based on the novel queueing model that considers both user mobility and AMC. Simulations were also conducted to validate the accuracy of analytical results. Numerical results demonstrate that the presented analytical results are accurate. Based on the accurate closed-form solutions, network providers can implement precise admission control and resource allocation for their networks to enhance the system performance.

OpenIPTV: a comprehensive SDN-based IPTV service framework

IPTV is an emerging TV content delivery service that should guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) to deliver television contents over IP for their customers. However, providing such QoS regarding service level agreements (SLA) requires frequent service monitoring and adaptive configuration mechanisms. Nowadays, Software Defined Networks (SDNs) provide capabilities to deploy and manage networks dynamically and can maintain QoS. In this paper, a novel IPTV service framework (OpenIPTV) is proposed, which utilizes SDN as an underlying technology for providing QoS for IPTV customers in a shared backbone network. OpenIPTV is implemented in a well-known OpenDayLight controller and strictly followed a modular design for the sake of efficiency. OpenIPTV comprises all service requirements such as resource monitoring, channel changing, multicast group managing and dynamic QoS multicast traffic engineering. The performance of OpenIPTV is evaluated under different scenarios and experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed framework in terms of QoS metrics. Furthermore, experimental results show that OpenIPTV is a feasible and practical solution to deliver IPTV services with high level of QoS over SDN.