Ipanema Beach Research Articles

Social representations as a spatial conditioner: The talk of violence in Carioca funk and the social perception of territories in Rio de Janeiro

The work investigates the clashes of the representations of violence linked to “Carioca funk” and analyzes how they condition the identification of territories perceived as conflict zones. It is generally believed that these social representations are influenced by language, culture and narratives created by different players and their interests. In order to understand how this conditioning takes place, a specific event stands out as a case study, the "arrastão" (riot) on October 18, 1992, on Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro. The theoretical-methodological contribution used is based on Chartier's notion of “representation” and Mbembe's concept of “necropolitics”. Based on the work of these authors, we seek to show how power can be built, maintained and reinforced through the social representations that are created and disseminated. To analyze the event, sources in newspaper articles, television news spots, police testimonies, funk lyrics and the relevant scientific literature are used. Through the different representations of the same event, it was possible to highlight the condition they exert on the perceptions and recognition of “fearful” urban territories.

The impact of sediment dumping sites on the concentrations of microplastic in the inner continental shelf of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil.

The marine environment is constantly being impacted by anthropogenic activities. Nowadays, microplastics (MPs) representing one of the most deleterious material among of all substances and material from anthropogenic origin. The Microplastics (MPs) are particles smaller than 5 mm. This study presents information on abundance, distribution, type and colour of microplastics in the bottom sediments of the continental Shelf of Rio de Janeiro State. This area is strongly impacted due to its location in front of one of the most polluted coastal bays in the Brazilian Coastline. It receives untreated sewage from an Ipanema Beach submarine emissary and also a great amount of sediments dredged from Rio de Janeiro Harbour, which strongly influences the distribution of MPs in the area. The analyses detected the presence of MP in 100% of the samples, composed mainly by secondary microplastics, and almost 50% were fibers, followed by plastic films, plastic fragments and pellets. Based on the nature of the sources of the MP, a great variety of colours was shown, dominated by four main colours: blue, white, transparent, and black, this pattern could potentially increase their bioavailability due to resemblance to prey items, especially to visual raptorial species.

Yamadazyma barbieri f.a. sp. nov., an ascomycetous anamorphic yeast isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal site (-2300 m) and marine coastal waters.

Two yeast strains that are members of the same species were isolated from different marine habitats, i.e. one from Mid-Atlantic Ridge ocean water samples located in the direct vicinity of black smokers near the Rainbow deep-sea hydrothermal vent and one from Brazilian marine water samples off the Ipanema beach. Strains CLIB 1964T and CLIB 1965 are anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts affiliated to the Yamadazyma clade of Saccharomycetales. Interestingly, these strains were phylogenetically and distinctly positioned into a group of species comprising all species of the genus Yamadazyma isolated from marine habitats including deep-sea hydrothermal vents, i.e.Candida atmosphaerica,C. spencermartinsiae,C. atlantica,C. oceani and C. taylorii. These strains differed significantly in their D1/D2 domain sequences of the LSU rRNA gene from the closely related species mentioned above, by 2.6, 3.0, 3.4, 3.8 and 6.0 %, respectively. Internal transcribed spacer region sequence divergence was also significant and corresponded to 4.6, 4.7, 4.7, 12.0 and 24.7 % with C. atlantica,C. atmosphaerica, C. spencermartinsiae,C. oceani and C. taylorii, respectively. Phenotypically, strains CLIB 1964T and CLIB 1965 could be distinguished from closely related species by their inability to assimilate l-sorbose. CLIB 1964T (=CBS 14301T=UBOCC-A-214001T) is the designated type strain for Yamadazyma barbieri sp. nov. The MycoBank number is MB 815884.

How Socio-Legal Norms Emerge within Complex Networks: Law and (In)Formality at Ipanema Beach

How Socio-Legal Norms Emerge within Complex Networks: Law and (In)Formality at Ipanema Beach

Feeding of the Brazilian sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Müller & Henle, 1839) from southern Brazil

Summary Stomach contents of 175 Brazilian sharpnose sharks, Rhizoprionodon lalandii, were examined to assess their feeding habits. Caught by artisanal fishers between June 2006 and July of 2007 at Ipanema Beach, on the central coast of the state of Parana, southern Brazil, R. lalandii appears to be piscivorous (89.7% IRI), feeding mainly on families of Clupeidae (5.1% IRI) and Sciaenidae (3.7% IRI) and secondarily on squid Lolliguncula brevis (8.6% IRI). Diets were similar between sexes and seasons. However, there were ontogenetic changes in their diets. The major items for neonates were Penaeidae crustaceans (%IRI = 56.4) and Engraulidae fishes (%IRI = 29.3); for the juveniles, Sciaenidae (%IRI = 62.5) and Clupeidae (%IRI = 19.7), and for adults Clupeidae (%IRI = 45.8) and Sciaenidae (%IRI = 15.9). Only neonate sharks consumed crustaceans, whereas all size classes consumed cephalopods and teleosts. Neonates had the lowest trophic level (TR = 3.8), with the diet of juveniles and adults the highest (TR = 4.2). Given its abundance and diet, R. lalandii may be an important predator of demersal and pelagic prey in coastal waters of Brazil.

Baseline assessment of the reef fish assemblage from Cagarras Archipelago, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

The extensive Brazilian coast comprises diverse reef fish communities. Here, we report a pioneer study on the reef fish community composition of the Cagarras Archipelago. This rocky reef system consists of a small group of coastal islands 5 km south off Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. A relatively diverse and disturbed fish community (99 species from 39 families) was found in this archipelago. Two different visual census techniques were utilized and a large difference was observed in the number of species compared to other Brazilian reef sites. Trophic structure and biogeographical affinities are discussed. The absence of some reef fish species, mainly top predators, suggests severe environmental impact in this area and exhorts the Brazilian authorities to create a marine protected area. Results obtained in this study will serve to future environmental studies in Cagarras.

Discussion of “Sensitivity Analysis and Comparative Performance of Outfalls with Single Buoyant Plumes” by Maria A. Economopoulou, Alexia A. Economopoulou, and Alexander P. Economopoulos

The discussers’ criticism focuses on the validity of the literature models selected by the writers, and not on the analysis performed in the paper with the use of selected models. The discussers consider the analysis in the paper incomplete as the predictions of the literature models used are not in agreement with those of CORMIX, a USEPA-approved computer model. However, the models used in the paper are well established in literature, and their results are carefully validated with the Visual Plume (VP), a widely used USEPA computer model (Frick et al. 2003). Based on the above, the underlined issue raised by the discussers is the differences in the predictions between CORMIX on one hand, and the VP and other well-established models on the other. It appears rather odd that the discussers, who happen to be the developers of CORMIX, direct their criticism against the users of alternative models; this is hardly the most effective way to resolve the plume modeling validation issue. Nonetheless, the writers feel compelled to defend their selection of the literature models used in the paper for analysis and validation, and for this reason they note the following. The discussers state that the analysis is incomplete, elaborating further that the relations of the models selected and used in the paper, as well as in the VP UM3 and VP NRFIELD models used for validating the results, do not consider the gravitational density current flow that develops after initial mixing. They also state that gravitational spreading and mixing is absent from most mixingzone models, “with one important exception—the USEPAapproved CORMIX system.” To prove the importance of these mechanisms, the discussers refer to their previous discussion (Jirka and Doneker 2003) of field dye tests and modeling of the Ipanema Beach outfall (Carvalho et al. 2001), in which density current mixing appears to be important. It is interesting to note that in the above paper (Carvalho et al. 2001) and its closure (Roberts and Carvalho 2003), the predictions of RSB, UM3, and CORMIX were compared with field test results and it was concluded that “with suitable assumptions, all the models reasonably predict near field dilution,” and that “CORMIX grossly underestimates the observed thicknesses” of the spreading layer. Furthermore, the discussers’ statement that the models do not include gravitational spreading is incorrect for NRFIELD. NRFIELD does include spreading and the mixing in the spreading layer, as dealt with at length in Roberts and Carvalho (2003). One should recognize that plume mixing involves complex physical phenomena, not all of which can be reliably modeled at

Discussion of “Field Observations of Ipanema Beach Outfall” by João L. B. Carvalho, Philip J. W. Roberts, and João Roldão

Discussion of “Field Observations of Ipanema Beach Outfall” by João L. B. Carvalho, Philip J. W. Roberts, and João Roldão

Closure to “Field Observations of Ipanema Beach Outfall” by João L. B. Carvalho, Philip J. W. Roberts, and João Roldão

Closure to “Field Observations of Ipanema Beach Outfall” by João L. B. Carvalho, Philip J. W. Roberts, and João Roldão

Field Observations of Ipanema Beach Outfall

Field observations of the Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, ocean sewage outfall were obtained by adding dye tracers to the effluent and simultaneously measuring oceanographic conditions. Four experiments were performed, two during unstratified conditions, and two during stratified conditions. When stratified, the plume was trapped below the thermocline with low dilution, around 35 to 1, when unstratified, the plume surfaced and the dilution increased to more than 100 to 1. The results were compared with predictions of some commonly used near field plume mathematical models: UM3, RSB, and CORMIX. With suitable assumptions, all the models reasonably predict near field dilution. RSB predicts near field results directly; for UM3 and CORMIX, it was assumed that the end of the near field occurs when the plume reaches its terminal rise height or impacts the free surface. Different assumptions about the shape of density profiles in CORMIX resulted in widely differing predictions of dilution. While the gross properties of the plume can be reasonably predicted by plume models, there remain many aspects which cannot be, particularly the patchy nature of the wastefield that has been observed here and in other field tests.

Field observations of dilution on the Ipanema Beach outfall

Field observations of the Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro, ocean sewage outfall are presented. Measurements of dilution and other wastefield characteristics were obtained by adding dye tracer to the effluent and measuring in-situ. Simultaneous measurements of oceanographic conditions were made by Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers, thermistor strings, and profiling instruments. Four experiments were performed, two during unstratified conditions when the plume was surfacing, and two during conditions of strong stratification when the plume was submerged. The minimum dilution varied from 30 to 130. The measurements reflect the worst case conditions as the campaigns were all made for weak currents.

Fusarium species in sandy soil from Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

AbstractThe presence of the genus Fusarium was investigated in sandy soil from Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil during a period of one year in order to determine the diversity, and seasonal distribution of species. A total of 123 strains were isolated, for a total of 34 different species, with higher incidence in spring and winter. The species detected in greater numbers during the various seasons of the year were, in decreasing order, F. solani var. solani, F. oxysporum var. oxysporum and F. sacchari var. subglutinans, described in the literature (GUARRO and GENÉ 1992) as infectious agents for humans and animals. Few species were detected in summer and fall, probably due to the higher rainfull occurring during these seasons.

Diversity of microfungi in the sandy soil of Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The mycobiota of the sandy soil of Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was investigated in 144 sand samples collected at four different sites along the sea coast, divided into three subsites, for a period of one year. A total of 4285 yeast colonies and of 6956 of colonies filamentous fungi were isolated using conventional media and techniques. Representatives of the filamentous fungi corresponding to a total of 1334 colonies were identified and assigned to 34 genera and 170 species. The genera of highest incidence and their respective numbers of species were as follows: Aspergillus, 30.4%, 32 spp.; Penicillium, 16.2%, 35 spp.; Fusarium, 12,6%, 33 spp.; Trichoderma, 6.4%, 7 spp.; Paecilomyces, 3.7%, 10 spp.; Cladosporium, 3.1%, 8 spp. and Acremonium, 1.0%, 8 spp. Several other genera and species were detected at quite low occurrences. Non-sporulating fungi (18.3%) and Coelomycetes (Sphaeropsidales) (1.9%) were also detected. Most of the genera detected belonged to the Deuteromycotina, with fewer proportions belonging to the Ascomycotina and Zygomycotina. Moniliaceae was represented by the largest number of species and Dematiaceae was represented by the largest number of genera. In terms of seasonal distribution, the largest number of filamentous fungi was isolated during the winter and the smallest number the Summer.

Tom Jobim and the Bossa Nova Era

‘The Girl from Ipanema’ – or, in Portuguese, ‘Garota de Ipanema’ – is without doubt the song that turned bossa nova into a household term the world over. It was written by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinícius de Moraes one afternoon in 1962, as they sat in the Veloso bar – now renamed ‘Garota de Ipanema’ – on Montenegro Street, where they had watched the young Helô Pinheiro walk past them on her way to Ipanema Beach. The song was first recorded in 1963 by Peri Ribeiro (Odeon) (Machado 1971), and since then over 300 other recordings have appeared on the market, both in Brazil and abroad (Cabral n.d.c, p. 10). When it was first launched in America on the ‘Getz/Gilberto’ album (Verve), interpreted by Astrud and João Gilberto in 1964, ‘The Girl from Ipanema' posed a serious challenge to the Beatles’ hegemony over the charts, rapidly moving to second place. With 4.2 million registered performances, it was only in the last four years that its ratings began to fall, but it is still among the world's most widely aired popular songs (Anon 1994c, pp. 124–5).