IP Strategy Research Articles

Impact of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Tunisia

BackgroundIn COVID-19 management, a variety of pharmaceutical interventions (PI) and non- pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) were adopted to limit the spread of the disease and its associated deaths. We aimed to evaluate the impact of PI and NPI on risks of COVID-19 transmission and deaths.MethodWe collected aggregate data from March 2nd, 2020, to December 1, 2022 from the Tunisian Ministry of Health's website and OurWorldInData.org site. NPI Periods (NPIP: March 2020 to March 2021) and PI Periods (PIP) were distributed to NPIP1, 2, 3 and 4 and to PIP1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. We calculated the Relative Risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) by comparing the subsequent period with previous one.ResultsThe risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission increased progressively from the zero cases period (NPIP2) to the mitigate strategy period (NPIP3) (RR = 14.0; 95% CI: 12.4–15.8) and to the stop-and-go epidemic control period (NPIP4) (RR = 23.1 (95% CI: 22.4–23.9). It was stabilized in the targeted vaccination period (PIP1) (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07–1.08) and reduced during the mass vaccination period (PIP2) (RR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.50–0.51). SARS-CoV-2 transmission, increased during PIP3 concomitant with the Omicron wave (RR = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.64–2.67). It remained at a low level in PIP4 (RR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.18–0.18).Compared to NPIP2, NPIP3 and NPIP4 were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality (RR = 3.337; 95% CI: 1.797–6.195) and (RR = 72.63 (95% CI: 54.01–97.68), respectively. Since the start of the immunization program, the risk of COVID-19 death has consistently decreased. In comparison to each previous period, the risk transitioned in PIP1 to RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.88–0.93, then to RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83–0.88 in PIP2, to RR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.45–0.50 in PIP3, and to RR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.18–0.24 during PIP4.ConclusionIn terms of lowering the risk of transmission and mortality, the NP strategy at the beginning of the epidemic outperformed the IP strategy during the outbreak.

Strategic management of intellectual property for technology as an object of civil law relations

Strategic management of intellectual property for technology as an object of civil law relations

Exploration of Brand IP Strategy for Geographical Indication Agricultural Products of Rice in Jilin Province

Exploration of Brand IP Strategy for Geographical Indication Agricultural Products of Rice in Jilin Province

Legal Considerations in the Development and Commercialization of Corporate Intellectual Property

With the exploitation of the internet and societal innovations and legislative shifts, it is repeatedly being raised as to whether and to what degree businesses and individuals can protect their intellectual property and in economic terms the worth of doing so. To date, how to capture value from IP and what can be considered an effective IP strategy are subjects for which there is no definitive answer as the solution is very much industry and firm-specific. Therefore, the primary goal of this paper is to provide a strategic perspective on intellectual property exploitation and management in a manner that is relevant to the business objectives of today's corporations. In doing this, this paper will argue that the effective management of IP is a complex process requiring a synthesis of insight from several disciplines ranging from strategy to finance and law. The argument underlying this is that in the same way that today's corporation has changed the way to strategy and management of other business assets, there too is a need to change how IP is both managed and exploited. This theme is prevalent throughout the following analysis, however, these two opening sections aim to provide a comprehensive framework that links and articulates the various aspects of corporate IP. This framework will be of most use to managers and decision-makers with responsibility for IP who are seeking to maximize the value of their property to use it as leverage to gain sustainable competitive advantage. A second audience for this paper is the academically minded. A sign of changes to come is that IP is now a topic of academic research in various fields that encompass PhD and other advanced studies. In addressing the wide disciplinary audience, the following analysis draws evidence from a mix of academic and business sources.

제주 지역브랜드화를 위한 ‘설문대할망’ 콘텐츠 IP 전략 연구

In the past, Jeju Island has tried to utilize the character of the island's representative
 tale, 'Seolmuundaehalmang', in cultural contents such as animation and theme parks.
 Academics have also conducted research on the need for cultural planning utilizing
 'Seolmundaehalmang'. Despite these efforts, 'Seolmundaehalmang' has yet to be
 recognized by the public as icon of Jeju. In this paper, we examine a content IP strategy
 for branding the Jeju Island with the character of 'Seolmundaehalmang'.ﾠ To this end,
 this paper first discusses the importance of content IP and the necessary elements of a
 strategy. Based on this, the paper then analyzes cases that have been utilized as content
 and compares them with successful Japanese cases of utilizing cultural archetypes as
 content IP. Finally, through the results of this analysis, the paper reveals a strategy for
 utilizing Jeju Island's 'Seolmundaehalmang' as content IP.
 The paper's results show that a strategy for to utilizing 'Seolmundaehalmang' as a
 content IP first requires the expansion of the scope of 'Seolmundaehalmang' content
 creation by having it engaged in a wide range of contents such as Jeju Island's 'myths',
 'legends', 'history', and 'fairy tales' in a flexible manner. Second, the image and
 characterization of 'Seolmundaehalmang' should be refined by incorporating history,
 mythology, and each creator's own philosophy. By doing so, they expand its limited role.
 Third, we must strengthen and utilize the material, setting, and world view of the work,
 which are embodied in the concept of 'Seolmundaehalmang'.

Suprapatellar versus Infrapatellar Approach for Intramedullary Nailing in Tibial Shaft Fractures: A Prospective Interventional Study

Introduction: Tibial diaphyseal fractures are the most prevalent type of tibia fracture. A well known surgical method for treating tibial shaft fractures was the traditional infrapatellar approach for tibia Intramedullary Nailing (IMN). However, due to increased valgus and procurvatum deformities, IMN insertion through the infrapatellar route poses problems. Recently, suprapatellar nailing in the semi-extended position has been promoted as a safe and effective surgical treatment. Aim: To compare the clinical and functional outcomes of tibial shaft fractures treated with IMN utilising the Suprapattelar (SP) and Infrapatellar Methods (IP). Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted on 40 patients, in the Department of Orthopaedics, in Government Medical College, Patiala ,Punjab, India from November 2019 to May 2021. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of tibial shaft fractures treated with IMN utilising the S.P and those treated with I.P techniques during a two year period (20 in each group) with six months followup. Group A patients were treated with IMN in tibia through suprapatellar technique and group B Patients were treated with IMN in tibia via infrapatellar approach. The outcomes of IMN in tibial shaft fractures via SP and IP approach were compared in terms of fluoroscopy time, average surgical time, anterior knee pain using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, average blood loss, fracture union time and functional outcome (in terms of the lower extremity functional Score). For statistical analysis student t-test and chi-square test was used, p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: There were significant differences between SP and IP IMN in terms of fluoroscopy duration (94.25 vs 129.40 seconds, p-value-0.001), anterior knee pain (VAS score) (19.65 vs 29.85, p-value-0.001), average blood loss (49.30 vs 62.45 mL, p- value 0.001), and functional result (75.45 vs 70.05, p-value=0.001). The fracture union time between the two groups was non significant (90.50 vs 90.30 days, p-value=0.876). Conclusion: In terms of fluoroscopy time, anterior knee pain, average blood loss, and knee ratings, the SP technique was superior to the IP strategy.

Managing technology transfer and university-industry linkage in a developing country: empirical evidence from Nigeria

Knowledge institutions are key drivers of national competitiveness. The expectations from these institutions now include knowledge transfer to support industrial development. To coordinate these efforts, technology transfer offices (TTOs) become a plausible strategy. In Nigeria, these offices are mandated to manage intellectual property assets, create IP awareness, and engage industry for research uptake. This paper provides a baseline assessment of how TTOs have performed in Nigeria, including key challenges confronting them. Primary data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Results show that IP sensitisation, IP strategy promotion, and collation of completed and ongoing R&D outputs were prominent activities of these offices. Industry visitation and technology open day strategies were deployed to promote technology transfer. Some TTOs performed better than others in IP asset creation, while five of them reported six spin-off products. The paper concludes with key challenges confronting them and proposes appropriate policy recommendations for effective management.

Interview with Diego Ibanez, CFO Botanical Solution Inc.

BSI is a venture-backed corporation based in Davis, California. It was founded in Santiago, Chile in 2013 with a focus on producing botanical extracts and has developed a proprietary R&D platform, based on plant tissue culture, for sustainable and improved production of Advanced Botanical Materials (ABM) that addresses critical and well-known issues related to the current production of key traditional botanical raw materials, often obtained under exploitation of natural resources. It has a 500 m2 laboratory production facility in Chile that can produce large amounts of product without the need for field-grown natural resources - making the production unique, and very efficient in producing and scaling the volume of botanical extract needed. It will be setting up a new facility in California later this year to focus mainly on pharmaceuticals. As a venture-backed company it has raised approximately $10 million so far to support its core areas. In May of 2022, BSI won the Best Startup Company of the Year Award from the World Bioprotection Forum, based on the evaluation of 20 distinguished judges. It has a mixed IP strategy; the production platform itself is protected by trade secrets, and the extracts and formulated products are patented.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Substrate-Supported Polyamide Membrane for High-Temperature Water Nanofiltration

Conventional polysulfone and polyethersulfone membrane-supported polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) membranes suffer an obvious performance decline due to the drastic pore shrinkage of their membranes during high-temperature (HT) desalination processes. Herein, a thermally stable PA NF membrane (PVDF-IP-2) was successfully constructed over a relatively hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane using a continuous interfacial polymerization (CIP) method. The PVDF-IP-2 membrane had a moderate water permeance of 8.3 L m–2 h–1 bar–1 and a 99.7% Na2SO4 rejection at room temperature, which were comparable to those of commercial NF membranes. Introducing calcium ions (Ca2+) into the aqueous solutions further confined the transport rate of the piperazine monomer across the reaction interface through the coordination functions between Ca2+ and piperazine molecules, forming a high-flux (15.9 L m–2 h–1 bar–1 at room temperature) NF membrane (PVDF-IP-Ca) with an excellent Na2SO4 rejection (∼98.6%). Impressively, the PVDF-IP-Ca membrane presented an excellent antifouling behavior and performance stability during both fouling and high-temperature filtration tests. The Ca2+-assisted IP (Ca–CIP) strategy is expected to be a facile and universal approach to preparing TFC desalination membranes for HT environmental applications on relatively hydrophobic supports.

Study on the evolution driving mechanism of IPM to regional economic development.

Since the implementation of the IP strategy in 2008, It has been agreed that intellectual property rights can promote regional economic development, but how to promote it is a black box. Based on the theory of system dynamics, three systems have been divided from the promoting effect of intellectual property on regional economy: intellectual property management system, technology innovation dynamic system and government policy support dynamic system. By analyzing the driving relationship among the three systems, It is found that intellectual property can promote regional economic growth through technological innovation. The government's policy support and the implementation of intellectual property strategy promote the innovation motivation of enterprises under the action of market mechanism. In the final analysis, enterprises are the main force of economic growth. They can improve the level of technological innovation through industry-university-research cooperation and other ways to obtain innovation benefits, so as to promote regional economic growth.

디지털콘텐츠 스타트업의 IP 활동 특성분석과 IP 전략

포천지 선정 ‘한국의 10대 스타트업’의 IP 활동을 분석한 결과 대부분은 디지털콘텐츠 관련 업종이었으며, 특허출원건수는 적지 않은 것으로 나타났으나, 상표에 대한 인식은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 스타트업의 IP 관리는, IP 교육지원 및 관련 전문가 파견지원이 필요하며, ‘IP 액셀러레이터’를 도입하여 창업 성장단계별로 지원할 필요가 있다. 기술이전 전략에 있어서, 현재 운영 중인 BRIDGE+를 개선하여, 거점대학 중심으로 각 대학마다 기술이전 담당자가 전문성을 갖추도록 특성화시켜 공동 기술 이전을 하고, 스타트업도 Community에 동참하여 활동할 수 있는 새로운 기술이전 모형인 ‘Circle 프로그램’을 제안한다.

Research on intellectual property strategy to promote the development of tourism branding in China

From the perspective of innovation, the current issue of China’s tourism development is the insufficient development of tourism branding, which leads to the homogeneity phenomenon of tourism goods and services. As the intellectual property system stimulates creativity and protects innovation, this article suggests that the above-mentioned problem can be solved by effective intellectual property strategy, namely creating distinctive identities through trademark protection and use, and raising qualities of tourism brands through protection and use of geographical indication (GI). Specifically, the article firstly proposes the IP Strategy of creating distinctive identities of tourism brands by active registration, timely opposition and invalidity, and effective protection of trademarks. Secondly, it proposes the IP Strategy of raising qualities of tourism brands by active registration, effective protection and sufficient use of GIs.

Strategizing for Dynamic consistency in Digital Innovation: The Role of Intellectual Property

IP strategy has moved from a primary focus on value capture to increasingly also consider aspects of value creation, not the least in digital innovation. Digital innovation has created a plethora of business models and enabled business models to change, sometimes rapidly, over time. All of this has complicated the general advice that the IP strategy should be integrated with the business model. In this research, we seek to better understand how digital technology-based startups use IP strategy to support their business models under uncertainty, and especially when business models are likely to change. We study seven digital technology-based startups through 35 semi-structured interviews with elite informants. In addition to IP strategizing for value creation and value capture we find that decision-makers strive to build and maintain dynamic consistency of their IP strategies, meaning that the strategies should be compatible with, and balance between, the firms’ current components of value creation and value capture, while simultaneously being compatible with future changes in the business models. The capability to achieve an IP strategy that is dynamically consistent is a dynamic capability of significant importance for innovative firms facing an uncertain future where business model change is likely to happen. We find several principles used by decision-makers to enable dynamic consistency.

Contents IP Strategy to Enhance Competitiveness of Global OTT Platform: Based on the Cases of Game Platform Market

OTT 서비스를 주도해온 넷플릭스에 대항해 디즈니+ 등 많은 기업들이 OTT 플랫폼 시장에 뛰어들고 있다. 이에 2019년 말부터 거대 IT 미디어 콘텐츠 그룹들이 참가해 치열한 경쟁을 하고 있는 글로벌 OTT 서비스 플랫폼의 현황을 살펴보고 시장을 전망하였다. OTT 플랫폼 시장과 유사한 가정용 콘솔 게임 하드웨어, 게임 ESD 플랫폼 시장의 경쟁 사례를 비교한 결과, 자체제작 독점 콘텐츠 경쟁력, 콘텐츠 IP의 다양성, 서드파티 정책을 통한 외부 콘텐츠 IP의 확보가 플랫폼 시장의 점유율과 연관됨을 알 수 있었다. OTT 플랫폼의 경쟁력 또한 콘텐츠 IP를 어떻게 운용하느냐에 달려 있다. 본 연구가 한국의 OTT 플랫폼들이 추구해야 할 콘텐츠 IP 운용 전략에 적절한 방향성을 제시할 수 있기를 기대한다.Global media companies such as Disney, Apple, and Google are jumping into the OTT service platform market against Netflix leading global OTT service recently. This study focused to prospect the global OTT service platform market where huge media contents groups fiercely compete to survive from the end of 2019. The competitions in domestic console game hardware and game ESD platform markets which have similar context with OTT platform market, are investigated as comparative models. We pointed out that competitiveness of original monopolistic contents, diversity of contents IP, and securing external contents IP by third-party policy would essentially affect the platform share through results of the case study. A competitiveness of the OTT platform is also up how to operate contents IP. The result of this study is expected to suggest a direction of valid management strategy of contents IP for Koran OTT platforms.

POPULARIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE SPHERE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: WHEN, HOW AND WHY WOULD WE DO IT?

In the article the issue on popularization of knowledge in the sphere of intellectual property in the educational establishments is examined.As of today, the system of general secondary and professional education does not provide for systematic measures on popularization of knowledge on intellectual property.Economic and jurisprudential subjects as well as elective courses in the school have substantial potential for the popularization and providing children with knowledge on the basics of intellectual property which, unfortunately, is not yet exploited.The specialty «Intellectual Property» relates to such fields of knowledge as «Management and Administration» and «Law». Not that many chairs on intellectual property try to popularize knowledge on intellectual property and to attract more students to acquire this knowledge. In view of the complexity and interdisciplinary of the mentioned specialty there is a problem of insufficient informational work on the relevance and the practical need for the professionals of this qualification in the sphere of intellectual property education.The existing problematic issues and proposed ways of their solving are addressed in an integrated manner with consideration of international experience. In particular, the example of the Republic of Korea was considered in detail where the popularization of knowledge on intellectual property begins at childhood. Raise awarenessamong students (elementary school, middle school and high school) on copyright through the experience-oriented program within the school curriculum (e.g. extracurricular activities or creative discretional activities). Teachers in charge will receive training in advance and acquaint themselves with copyright concept and educational methodology. Training programs are designed to meet the needs of young people and are formed from the consideration and analysis of cases found in everyday life.Ukraine needs to unite as many participants as possible to develop and further implement the National IP Strategy, a separate block of which envisages the formation of a high level of culture and education in the sphere of intellectual property. To nurture respect for intellectual property rights from childhood, to encourage young children of primary school age to learn about this extremely interesting and useful sphere, to create the conditions for the development of children's intellectual abilities, children's invention, using international experience and cooperation.

The valuation of patent-trademark pairing as IP strategy: evidence from the USPTO

ABSTRACTThe benefits of an IP strategy for an innovative project that combines both patenting and trademarking are compared to those of patenting alone. The results of the proposed econometric analysis of patents indicate that a strategy that pairs patenting and trademarking almost doubles patent value. The validity of this result was confirmed by examining several patentee demographic characteristics and an extensive set of patent value indicators regarding breadth and technology potential, prior art and patent background, filing and procedural aspects of a patent and IP usage mode. Quite interesting, when the holder of a utility patent also obtains a design patent, rather than opting for a trademark, there is no enhancement of the premium value.

Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as a new IP strategy in the fashion industry

Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as a new IP strategy in the fashion industry

Concept to Commercialization: Decoding the IP Strategy for Academia

Concept to Commercialization: Decoding the IP Strategy for Academia

Intangible assets as “nucleus” of process innovation

Abstract The present paper adds practical experience to the current IP literature and shows a case study upon a start-up company from Romania benefits of its intangible assets in increasing its competitiveness performances, showing how technology-focused SMEs can use IP effectively to support their business models. So, we provide practical means for understanding one practical way in which an innovative SME profits from patents and standards for creating value, also revealing a good practice in IP strategy and management (awareness and involvement at senior management level, pragmatic and innovative use of the flexibility offered by IP) and facilitating the transfer of knowledge of one IP strategy and management associated to a real innovative business example.

The design of KANSEI Value which revitalize a mature market. -An investigation of IP strategy in the age of emotion-

The design of KANSEI Value which revitalize a mature market. -An investigation of IP strategy in the age of emotion-