IP Paradigm Research Articles

What IP owes to antitrust – and which IP paradigm is required to foster innovation and creativity in the digital era

The Essential Facilities (EF) doctrine meant that the ‘interference’ of antitrust principles on intellectual property regimes progressively made room for third parties to access IPR-protected intangibles, inventions, and software products in particular. A substantial step indeed against the ‘monopolization’ of top-notch, ‘non-substitutable’ innovation. But the objective limits of the applicability of said doctrine appear nowadays too strict vis-à-vis the necessities of the technical mode of production of digital innovation, AI first and foremost. A proposal for a new IP paradigm is submitted – one that could reconcile said necessities with the legitimate interests to an adequate compensation of authors of (utilitarian or ‘intellectual’) digital works.

Hierarchical Naming Scheme in Named Data Networking for Internet of Things: A Review and Future Security Challenges

The proliferation of connected devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) presents a connectivity challenge. The future internet will require a paradigm shift in which content is evaluated on the basis of “What” it is rather than “Where” it originated. ICN’s goal is to provide the benefits of name-based content addressing in order to facilitate scalable content distribution, security, mobility, and trust. NDN is a new internet architecture that evolved from Content-Centric Networking (CCN). NDN is viewed as a solution to the IoT’s challenges, as well as a way to transcend the IP paradigm. With IoT systems that had a number of challenging characteristics to satisfy, including heterogeneous devices, resource constraints, and energy efficiency. Due to the fact that NDN native features deliver data via hierarchically structured names, it offer promising solutions for current research integrating NDN into IoT. The review discusses the significance of naming, its influence, and security factor. Additionally, research challenges in the areas of naming and security will be discussed. The primary objective of this review is to give a new facelift to a new integrating naming convention for NDN.

Survey on the Incorporation of NDN/CCN in IoT

Named data networking (NDN) has emerged as a component of the Future Internet architecture to support scalable content distribution, mobility, security, and trust; as well as to provide access to information irrespective of its physical location. The NDN, and previously content-centric networking (CCN), has been considered as the enabler to address various Internet of Things (IoT) challenges, with the potential to outperform the current IP paradigm in many dimensions. The requirements and challenges of the IoT, imposed by constraints, such as limited memory and computational power, while requiring high energy efficiency in the face of unstable network connectivity, impose extra burdens on the IP paradigm. The named content, in-network caching and named-based routing approach in the CCN and NDN provide promising solutions to overcome these constraints and showcase alternative implementations. This paper aims to investigate and demonstrate the current incorporation of the NDN/CCN with the IoT in terms of in-network caching management, naming scheme for devices and data, access control and policies, forwarding strategies, device configuration, and discovery.

LIVE: Lightweight Integrity Verification and Content Access Control for Named Data Networking

Named data networking (NDN) is a new paradigm for the future Internet wherein interest and data packets carry content names rather than the current IP paradigm of source and destination addresses. Security is built into NDN by embedding a public key signature in each data packet to enable verification of authenticity and integrity of the content. However, existing heavyweight signature generation and verification algorithms prevent universal integrity verification among NDN nodes, which may result in content pollution and denial of service attacks. Furthermore, caching and location-independent content access disables the capability of a content provider to control content access, e.g., who can cache a content and which end user or device can access it. We propose a lightweight integrity verification (LIVE) architecture, an extension to the NDN protocol, to address these two issues seamlessly. LIVE enables universal content signature verification in NDN with lightweight signature generation and verification algorithms. Furthermore, it allows a content provider to control content access in NDN nodes by selectively distributing integrity verification tokens to authorized nodes. We evaluate the effectiveness of LIVE with open source CCNx project. Our paper shows that LIVE only incurs average 10% delay in accessing contents. Compared with traditional public key signature schemes, the verification delay is reduced by over 20 times in LIVE.