IP-based Mobility Management Protocol Research Articles

FPMIPv6-S: A new network-based mobility management scheme for 6LoWPAN

In this paper, we propose an IP-based mobility management protocol named Fast handover Proxy Mobile IPv6 for Sensor networks (FPMIPv6-S). FPMIPv6-S provides network-based mobility support for 6LoWPAN WSN when a sensor node moves between two Personal Area Networks (PANs). It is an improved version of the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) [1] protocol proposed for mobility management in IPv6 networks. The major difference between PMIPv6 and FPMIPv6-S is that FPMIPv6-S introduces a new agent called coordinator to handle mobility on behalf mobile nodes thus reduce significantly communication overhead as well as energy consumption.We compared analytically FPMIPv6-S with other well-known mobility protocols namely Mobile IPv6 [2], PMIPv6, and Sensor PMIPv6 (SPMIPv6) [3]. Both MIPv6 and PMIPv6 are proposed for IPv6 networks, whereas SPMIPv6 is proposed by Islam et al. for sensor networks. Performance results show that our proposed protocol achieves reduction of packet loss by as much 70% and improve the network throughput by over 25% compared to MIPv6. Further, we implemented our proposed protocol and MIPv6 with NS3 simulator and made extensive simulations runs to compare both protocols. Simulation results confirm analytically results.

A Route Optimized Distributed IP-Based Mobility Management Protocol for Seamless Handoff across Wireless Mesh Networks

A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) can provide Internet connectivity to end users through heterogenous access network technologies. However, the mobility of mobile nodes across these access networks in WMNs results in service disruption. Existing mobility management protocols are designed for single hop networks and are centralized in nature. A Distributed IP-based Mobility Management Protocol (DIMMP) is proposed in this paper that provides seamless mobility with service continuation for mobile nodes when they roam across WMNs. Instead of relying on a centralized mobility anchor, the mobility functionality is distributed at multiple nodes in the WMN, in order to reduce the chances of potential single point of failure. The proposed protocol manages both types of mobilities i.e. intra-WMN and inter-WMN and uses a new enhanced route optimization procedure. Simulation results show that this work has contributed by improving the performance of handoff procedure with respect to handoff latency, packet loss and signalling overhead, as compared to the existing protocols.

A fast handover protocol for 6LoWPAN wireless mobile sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are finding application in numerous fields. For many of these applications, some or all of the sensor nodes are mobile. Mobility management in WSNs is a challenging and has been the subject of intensive research. In this paper, we propose an IP-based mobility management protocol named Fast handover Proxy Mobile IPv6 for Sensor networks (FPMIPv6-S). FPMIPv6-S provides network-based mobility support for 6LoWPAN WSN when a sensor node moves between two Personal Area Networks. It is an improved version of the PMIPv6 protocol proposed for mobility management in IPv6 networks. FPMIPv6-S messages are carried by RPL protocol. Analytical evaluation of the proposed protocol shows significantly improved performance with respect to network mobility cost (signalling traffic) when compared to PMIPv6 and RPL alone. We also integrated the FPMIPv6-S protocol in the NS-3 simulator and performed a thorough performance comparison of FPMIPv6-S and RPL.

Efficient Mobility Management Scheme to Support Highway Environment

With the explosion of wireless technologies, variable types of mobility are presented. To provide seamless communication and mobility management, IP based mobility management protocols are proposed. One of them, to provide inter/intra/inner vehicle communication, the vehicles’ mobility management is studied that called VANET (vehicular ad hoc network). However, the mobility of vehicular results in short lived connections to access router (AR), affecting the availability of IP services in VANET. The most critical issue consists of the design of scalable routing algorithms that are robust to frequent path disruption caused by vehicles' mobility. With the navigation information that one of vehicles’ mobility features, we are classified into intra highway mobility and global mobility management mobility. Furthermore, we propose efficient mobility management scheme based on route prediction in VANET. Experimental analysis shows that proposed mobility management protocol reduces handoff latency, signaling costs and packet loss.

Route Prediction Based Vehicular Mobility Management Scheme for VANET

Since improvement of wireless communication, IP based mobility management protocols have been studied to provide seamless communication and mobility management. The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is one of mobility management protocols, especially providing seamless connection with inter/intra/inner vehicle communication. However, each vehicle moves fast that causes short-lived connections with Access Router (AR). Based on vehicles' characteristic, it is hard to provide the availability of IP services in VANET. The most critical issue of the design of scalable routing algorithm is to provide robustness of frequent path disruption caused by vehicles' mobility. In this paper, we pursue the characteristics of vehicles' mobility and analyze them. With the navigation information which is one of vehicles' mobility characteristics, we classify the mobility into intrahighway mobility and global mobility management. Furthermore, we propose mobility management scheme based on route prediction in VANET. Handoffs with intrahighway mobility are managed locally and transparency is provided to CHs, while global mobility is managed with Mobile IPv6. Finally, through the numerical analysis, we show that proposed mobility management protocol reduces handoff latency, signaling costs, and packet loss.

Performance Analysis of A Novel Inter-Networking Architecture for Cost-Effective Mobility Management Support

Mobile traffic is increasing a masse because of the propagation of the Internet and the development of wireless mobile technology. Accordingly, the Network Local Mobility Management (NETLMM) working group [1] of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has standardized Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) [2] as a protocol for accomplishing the transmissibility of mobile terminals. PMIPv6 is a network-led IP-based mobility management protocol, which can control terminal mobility without depending on the type of access system or the capability of the terminal. By combining PMIPv6 and the mobility of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), we can establish terminal mobility and session mobility through a more effective route. The mobility function can be improved and the overlap of function reduced as compared to that in the case of independent operation. PMIPv6 is appropriate for a non-real-time service using TCP, and SIP is appropriate for a real-time service using RTP/UDP. Thus, in the case of a terminal using both services, an effective mobility management is possible only by using PMIPv6 together with SIP. In order to manage mobility in this manner, researches on PMIPv6-SIP are in progress. In line with this trend, this paper suggests a new PMIPv6-SIP architecture where when a mobile terminal conducts a handover, a network-led handover while maintaining the session without the addition of a special function or middleware is possible along with effective performance evaluation through mathematical modeling by comparing the delay and the packet loss that occur during the handover to the Pure-SIP.

A Robust Mobile Video Streaming in Heterogeneous Emerging Wireless Systems

With the rapid development of heterogeneous emerging wireless technologies and numerous types of mobile devices, the need to support robust mobile video streaming based on the seamless handover in Future Internet is growing. To support the seamless handover, several IP-based mobility management protocols such as Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), fast handover for the MIPv6 (FMIPv6), Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) and Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) were developed. However, MIPv6 depreciates the Quality-of-Service (QoS) and FMIPv6 is not robust for the video services in heterogeneous emerging wireless networks when the Mobile Node (MN) may move to another visited network in contrast with its anticipation. In Future Internet, the possibility of mobile video service failure is more increased because mobile users consisting of multiple wireless network interfaces (WNICs) can frequently change the access networks according to their mobility in heterogeneous wireless access networks such as 3Generation (3G), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) and Bluetooth co-existed. And in this environment, seamless mobility is coupled according to user preferences, enabling mobile users to be “Always Best Connected” (ABC) so that Quality of Experience is optimised and maintained. Even though HMIPv6 and PMIPv6 are proposed for the location management, handover latency enhancement, they still have limit of local mobility region. In this paper, we propose a robust mobile video streaming in Heterogeneous Emerging Wireless Systems. In the proposed scheme, the MN selects the best -according to an appropriate metric- wireless technology for a robust video streaming service among all wireless technologies by reducing the handover latency and initiation time when handover may fail. Through performance evaluation, we show that our scheme provides more robust mechanism than other schemes.

Low latency IP mobility management: protocol and analysis

Mobile IP is one of the dominating protocols that enable a mobile node to remain reachable while moving around in the Internet. However, it suffers from long handoff latency and route inefficiency. In this article, we present a novel distributed mobility management architecture, ADA (Asymmetric Double-Agents), which introduces double mobility agents to serve one end-to-end communication. One mobility agent is located close to the MN and the other close to the CN. ADA can achieve both low handoff latency and low transmission latency, which is crucial for improvement of user perceived QoS. It also provides an easy-to-use mechanism for MNs to manage and control each traffic session with a different policy and provide specific QoS support. We apply ADA to MIPv6 communications and present a detailed protocol design. Subsequently, we propose an analytical framework for systematic and thorough performance evaluation of mobile IP-based mobility management protocols. Equipped with this model, we analyze the handoff latency, single interaction delay and total time cost under the bidirectional tunneling mode and the route optimization mode for MIPv6, HMIPv6, CNLP, and ADA. Through both quantitative analysis and NS2-based simulations, we show that ADA significantly outperforms the existing mobility management protocols.

계층적 Mobile IPv6에서의 MAP 부하 분산 개선에 관한 분석

이동성 지원 네트워크에 대한 요구가 증가함에 따라 IP 기반의 이동성 지원 프로토콜들이 제안되었다. MAP을 이용해 마이크로 이동성을 관리하는 HMIPv6는 MAP이 관리하는 도메인 내에서의 단말 이동에 대해 효율적인 이동성 지원을 위한 방안들을 제시하고 있지만, MAP으로 트래픽이 집중되는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 계층적 Mobile IPv6에서 MAP에 집중되는 트래픽을 효율적으로 분산하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법에서는 두개 이상의 MAP을 선정하고 Active MAP과 Passive MAP으로 구분한다. Active MAP과 Passive MAP간의 상태변경과 특정 MAP에서 트래픽으로 인한 부하가 일어날 경우 부하 분산을 위한 MAP간의 동작을 정의한다. 제안한 알고리즘의 검증을 위해 시뮬레이터를 이용해 계층적 Mobile IPv6와의 성능 비교를 하였으며, 노드의 패킷 처리량에 대한 비교에서는 본 논문의 제안 방안이 약 12%의 성능 향상을 보였다. The growing need for the mobility supportable networks induces the IP-based mobility management protocols. Though HMIPv6 which manages the micro-mobility of mobile nodes using MAPs suggests an effective method for mobility-support for mobile nodes within the domain that is managed by MAP. There is a problem that traffic may be concentrated on MAPs. In this paper, therefore, we proposed a method that can effectively distribute the traffic which is concentrated on a MAP under phased Mobile IPv6. In our proposed method, two or more MAPs are required and classified as an 'Active MAP' or a 'Passive MAP'. In addition, we defined the state of transition events between Active MAP and Passive MAP and the operations among MAPs for load distribution when an overload condition is occurred at some MAPs by traffic congestion. We compared the performance of our proposed method with its phased Mobile IPv6 to prove the propriety of our proposed method. As a result, we showed that our proposed method can provide an enhanced performance by about 12 percentages in view of packet throughput at the node.

Mobility management requirements and framework for systems beyond IMT-2000

This paper addresses mobility management (MM) requirements and framework for systems beyond IMT-2000 (SBI2K), based on the standardization works that has so far been done in ITU-T study group 19. We first identify the requirements for MM in SBI2K. Based on the identified MM requirements, we describe the MM framework for location management and handover management for SBI2K. We then review and analyze some of the existing IP-based MM protocols. From the analysis and comparison, we see that the existing MM schemes cannot meet all of the MM requirements for SBI2K. It is naturally concluded that further work is needed to enhance the available MM schemes SBI2K.