Acid-base Balance Research Articles

ELECTROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF TUNGSTEN: STATUS AND PROSPECTS

An overview of studies of the electroche­mical reduction of tungsten compounds of different composition in various reaction media is presented. It is shown that among the variety of existing scientific and technical methods for obtaining tungsten, there are attractive prospects for the creation and development of a new industrial process that would ensure the direct electrochemical release of oxygen from its oxygen-containing compounds into molten mixtures based on chloride and calcium oxide. This scientific and technical solution is known in the literature as the FFC Cambridge process (FFC process).In contrast to the known methods of electrochemical reduction of tungsten compounds, this process allows the reduction of oxygen-containing tungsten compounds in the solid state and does not depend on the course of acid-base equilibria at the electrode/electrolyte phase separation boundary. The most favorable conditions for the reduction of oxygen-containing tungsten compounds are provided by electrolysis using a liquid gallium cathode in both galvanostatic and potentiostatic modes, and it is advisable to use the initial tungsten compounds in a finely dispersed state. The electrochemical reduction of tungsten trioxide in thee utectic melt of sodium and calcium chlorides occurs through the intermediate stage of calcium tungstate formation, so it is advisable to use CaWO4 instead of WO3 as the starting compound for reduction. Electrochemical reduction on a liquid gallium cathode in a molten eutectic mixture of sodium and calcium chlorides allows obtaining highly dispersed tungsten powder (11–35 nm) of high purity (99.9%) with a degree of extraction of at least 90.0% from both tungsten trioxide and from calcium tungstate. In addition, in this way it is possible to obtain not only pure tungsten, but also metal alloys and composites based on it.

Comorbidity Patterns and Management in Inpatients with Endocrine Diseases by Age Groups in South Korea: Nationwide Data.

This study aimed to examine comorbidity associations across age groups of inpatients with endocrine diseases as the primary diagnosis throughout the life cycle to develop an effective management strategy. Data were obtained from the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (KNHDS) from 2006 to 2021, involving 68,515 discharged patients aged ≥ 19 years with a principal diagnosis of endocrine disease. A database was constructed for analysis, extracting general characteristics and comorbidities. Employing R version 4.2.3, the Chi-squared test and the Apriori algorithm of ARM (association rule mining) were used for analyzing general characteristics and comorbidity associations. There were more women (53.1%) than men (46.9%) (p < 0.001, with women (61.2 ± 17.2) having a higher average age than men (58.6 ± 58.6) (p < 0.001). Common comorbidities include unspecified diabetes mellitus; essential (primary) hypertension; unspecified diabetes mellitus; and other disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Notably, type 2 diabetes mellitus, disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemia, polyneuropathy in diseases classified elsewhere, retinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere, and essential (primary) hypertension prevail across all age groups. Association rules further highlight specific comorbidities appearing selectively in certain age groups. In conclusion, establishing a management strategy for comorbidities in patients with a primary diagnosis of an endocrine disorder is necessary.

Acid-base balance and long COVID: comments on metabolic-respiratory alterations

Long COVID is a multi-organ pathology with important sequelae that affect the health and welfare of survivors from the cellular bioenergetics, in this case, the importance of considering the acid-base balance within the processes of evaluation and treatment of long COVID by health and sports professionals was addressed, given that different investigations have found important modifications in mitochondrial function that result in ventilation failures, causing alterations in the compensation-decompensation of respiratory and renal pH control (metabolic-respiratory acidosis and alkalosis).

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg2 amino acid derivatives for anti hemorrhagic shock: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation

The purpose of this study is to screen a novel Rg2 derivative for anti hemorrhagic shock. Eight Rg2 amino acid ester derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their effects on hypoxia and shock were studied. Among them, the derivative 1 (D1) exhibited excellent anti hypoxia by promoting survival rate of H9c2 cells damaged by hypoxia. D1 improved physiological indicators of the rats in hemorrhagic shock, such as blood pressure, heart rate, lactate, acid-base balance, and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory damage. Its latent mechanisms were explored by a method of plasma metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF-MS. As a result, a total of 16 biomarkers were identified involving 6 metabolic pathways. The results of this study contained that the derivative 1 could be considered as potent drug candidates for anti shock and deserved further research and development.

Кислотно-щелочное состояние крови у пациентов с мочекаменной болезнью. Исследование I: роль бикарбонатов.

Introduction. Kidneys play a leading role in maintaining acid-base balance. Kidney disorders lead to the acid-base balance violations. Data analysis showed that there are not enough attention to the problem of assessing blood acid-base balance in patients with urolithiasis. The aim of the first stage of this work was to determine the presence and severity of changes in one of the main indicators of acid-base balance - the level of blood bicarbonate in patients with urolithiasis. Materials and methods. We analyzed data from 83 patients: 39 men and 44 women aged 18 to 74 years. All patients were prescribed a biochemical blood test, a biochemical analysis of daily urine, blood acid-base balance and stone chemical composition. We studied the relationship of actual serum bicarbonate (actHCO3 - ) and standard bicarbonate (stdHCO3- ) in urolithiasis patients with level of other blood and urine parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using the methods of descriptive statistics, comparative statistical analysis, calculation of the t-test for independent groups, correlation analysis for two variables using the computer program Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft USA). Results. According to the statistical analysis performed using the calculation of Student's t-test, patients with actual serum bicarbonate [actHCO3- ] &lt;21.0 mmol/l and urine pH&gt;5.8 had lower serum total calcium levels (p&lt;0.05 ), higher serum [Cl-] (p&lt;0.05), higher serum creatinine (p&lt;0.05) and urea (p&lt;0.05), lower serum pH (p&lt;0, 05), serum pCO2 (p&lt;0.05), serum lactate concentration (p&lt;0.05), lower BE (p&lt;0.05) than patients with [actHCO3- ] blood &gt;28.0 mmol/l. Correlation analysis showed that there is a relationship between the level of [actHCO3- ] and indicators of total blood calcium (p &lt;0.05), blood chloride (p&lt;0.05), creatinine and blood urea (p &lt;0.05) and the concentration of calcium and magnesium in the daily urine (p&lt;0.05). There was no statistically confirmed relationship between the level of standard blood bicarbonate [stdHCO3- ] and the concentration of other indicators of blood and daily urine. Conclusion. Determination of the serum bicarbonate level is necessary to clarify the metabolic state in urolithiasis patients. It is necessary to determine the concentration of actual blood bicarbonate (actHCO3- ) in urolithiasis patients.

Assessment of the pH value of the acid-base balance of&#x0D; the oral fluid in patients before the application of orthodontic&#x0D; devices, after three and six months of treatment&#x0D; with removable and non-removable equipment made of&#x0D; different materials

Hardware orthodontic treatment with intraoral devices&#x0D; made of various materials can contribute to the development&#x0D; of an imbalance of a number of chemical elements in the&#x0D; body, as well as their redistribution in the oral fluid. These&#x0D; changes affect the metabolic processes of both essential&#x0D; (vital) and toxic trace elements that can accumulate in the&#x0D; body, as well as affect the hydrogen pH of the oral fluid.&#x0D; Research objective. To investigate the hydrogen index of&#x0D; acid-base balance of oral fluid in patients before and during&#x0D; orthodontic treatment with various equipment in&#x0D; dynamics.

Prednisolone Targets Claudins in Mouse Brain Blood Vessels.

Endothelial cells in brain capillaries are crucial for the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and members of the tight junction protein family of claudins are regarded to be primarily responsible for barrier properties. Thus, the analysis of bioactive substances that can affect the BBB's permeability is of great importance and may be useful for the development of new therapeutic strategies for brain pathologies. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that the application of the glucocorticoid prednisolone affects the murine blood-brain barrier in vivo. Isolated brain tissue of control and prednisolone-injected mice was examined by employing immunoblotting and confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy, and the physiological and behavioral effects were analyzed. The control tissue samples revealed the expression of barrier-forming tight junction proteins claudin-1, -3, and -5 and of the paracellular cation and water-channel-forming protein claudin-2. Prednisolone administration for 7 days at doses of 70 mg/kg caused physiological and behavioral effects and downregulated claudin-1 and -3 and the channel-forming claudin-2 without altering their localization in cerebral blood vessels. Changes in the expression of these claudins might have effects on the ionic and acid-base balance in brain tissue, suggesting the relevance of our findings for therapeutic options in disorders such as cerebral edema and psychiatric failure.

Dual‐Site Passivation for Bright and Stable Blue‐emitting CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets

AbstractBlue‐emitting perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are important components of high‐definition display device, but their instability to light and moisture severely hinders the commercial application. Here, a dual‐site passivation strategy is proposed and the halogen–halogen bond to surface capping molecules is applied. The bi‐functional molecule with a fluorine group and carboxyl group on the phenyl ring, would form a shell‐like molecular structure covering the nanocrystal surface at halogen and lead site via halogen‐halogen bond and coordination effect, respectively. Considering the binding strength and acid dissociation constant of several fluoro acids, the optimal optical properties and film stability confirm the para‐fluorobenzoic acid molecule provides the most effective protection for initial perovskite products account for their stronger anchoring affinity and more comprehensive surface coverage. Consequently, this work sheds light on the molecular functionality and configuration are crucial for surface properties of perovskite NCs.

New naphthoquinone thiazole hybrids as carbonic anhydrase and cholinesterase inhibitors: Synthesis, crystal structure, molecular docking, and acid dissociation constant

In this study, N-[3-(3-amino-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-4-R-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]-2,6-difluorobenzamide derivatives as new 1,4-naphthoquinone thiazole hybrids were synthesized by reacting of N-[(3-amino-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)carbamothioyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide with various α-bromoketones in 76–92% yields. Their molecular structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS, and the stereochemistry of one of the hybrids was determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction study. These synthesized new compounds (3a–e) were found to be effective inhibitor molecules for cholinesterases (butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), and carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and hCA II) enzymes. KI values were found to be in the range of 45.03–84.43 nM for BChE, 26.12–98.42 nM for AChE, 67.86–161.60 nM for hCA I, and 55.27–87.48 nM for hCA II. The acid dissociation constants (pKa) of 1,4-naphthoquinone thiazole hybrids were determined in 25% (v/v) DMSO:water (25.0 ± 0.1 °C, I = 0.1 M by NaCl). Three pKa values for each hybrid were calculated with the HYPERQUAD program from the data obtained as a result of potentiometric titrations. The results obtained from molecular docking studies indicate that the compounds in question favorably fit within the active sites of hCAs and ChEs. Additionally, the acceptability of these compounds, as determined by Lipinski's and Jorgensen's rules, was estimated using the ADME/T results. Based on these estimations, it can be concluded that the synthesized molecules have the potential to be developed as effective and safe inhibitors of hCAs and ChEs, thus making them suitable lead agents for glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease.

Bicarbonate ringer’s solution could improve the intraoperative acid-base equilibrium and reduce hepatocellular enzyme levels after deceased donor liver transplantation: a randomized controlled study

BackgroundBicarbonate Ringer’s (BR) solution is a direct liver and kidney metabolism-independent HCO3− buffering system. We hypothesized that BR solution would be more effective in improving acid-base equilibrium and more conducive to better liver function than Acetate Ringer’s (AR) solution in conventional orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients.MethodsSixty-nine adult patients underwent OLT. Patients in the bicarbonate and acetate groups received BR solution or AR solution as infused crystalloids and graft washing solution, respectively. The primary outcome was the effect on pH and base excess (BE) levels. The secondary outcome measures were the incidence and volume of intraoperative 5% sodium bicarbonate infusion and laboratory indicates of liver and kidney function.ResultsThe pH and absolute BE values changed significantly during the anhepatic phase and immediately after transplanted liver reperfusion in the bicarbonate group compared with the acetate group (all P < 0.05). The incidence and volume of 5% sodium bicarbonate infusion were lower in the bicarbonate group than in the acetate group (all P < 0.05). The aspartate transaminase (AST) level at 7 postoperative days and the creatine level at 30 postoperative days were significantly higher in the acetate group than in the bicarbonate group (all P < 0.05).ConclusionCompared with AR solution, BR solution was associated with improved intraoperative acid-base balance and potentially protected early postoperative liver graft function and reduced late-postoperative renal injury.

Association of Dietary Acid Load With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Iranian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains one of the leading health challenges worldwide. A combination of genetic and environmental factors has been implicated in the etiology of MetS. Diet is a changeable environmental risk factor, and dietary modifications could significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of numerous diseases, including MetS. Certain dietary factors may contribute to MetS by affecting the acid-base balance within the body. This study examined the association of dietary acid load (DAL) with MetS and its components in Iranian adults. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 on 6356 Iranian adults aged 35-70 years. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) as two indicators of DAL were calculated based on nutrient intake data from validated food frequency questionnaires. MetS and its components were defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations between DAL and MetS and its components. Age, energy intake, physical activity, education, marital status, home ownership, socioeconomic status, history of obesity-related disease, and calcium supplements were included in model I. Further adjustment in model II was made for body mass index. Results Higher NEAP scores were associated with increased odds of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the crude model (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01-2.56, p trend = 0.06) in women, which was confirmed in the adjusted models. In model I, women in the last quintile of NEAP had 54% greater odds of having hypertriglyceridemia compared to the first quintile (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.007-2.36, p trend = 0.02). This association was still significant and even stronger after further adjustment for BMI (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.01-2.40, p trend = 0.01). In addition, in model I, men in the fourth quintile of NEAP had 5.68-fold greater odds of hyperglycemia compared to the first quintile (OR: 5.68, 95% CI: 1.18-27.25, p trend = 0.11). Similar results were found in the fully adjusted model (OR: 5.89, 95% CI: 1.19-28.99, p trend = 0.54). Conclusion There was no significant association between DAL and MetS. DAL was positively associated with the odds of low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia in women. Moreover, moderate DAL (NEAP) was associated with an increased odds of hyperglycemia in men.

Effect of experimental therapy on the gas and acid–base composition of the blood in the dynamics of toxic pulmonary edema

BACKGROUND: This study is part of an extended research onfinding ways to prevent and treat toxic pulmonary edema. This study aimed to examine the gas transport function, acid–base state, and gas composition of blood in the dynamics of experimental toxic pulmonary edema and the effect on them of experimental therapy with a combination of drugs that have shown effectiveness in preliminary studies.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: Toxic edema of the lungs was modeled in mice by inhalation of toxic doses of phosgene LСt50. Gas and acid–base composition parameters of the blood were determined using a gas analyzer 3 and 24 h after poisoning. Thirty minutes after poisoning, parts of the animals were injected intraperitoneally with a complex of drugs consisting of natrii dimercaptopropansulfonas (unitiol) 150 mg/kg, diclofenac sodium 35. 0 mg/kg, and аprotinin (contrikal) 250 IU/kg.&#x0D; RESULTS: The results revealed 3 h after poisoning of animals, changes in the gas composition and parameters of the gas transport function in the blood were detected, and 24 h after poisoning, impaired acid-base balance was noted. The use of a therapeutic combination of drugs consisting of sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate (unithiol), sodium diclofenac, and aprotinin (kontrikal) led to the partial normalization of the altered parameters of the blood gas composition and parameters of the blood gas transport function but was not accompanied by the normalization of the acid-base state of the blood. The formulation demonstrated a pronounced negative effect on the blood gas composition in intact animals. The treatment of pulmonary edema with the comparison drug unithiol did not result in the normalization of the gas composition and acid-base state of the poisoned animals.&#x0D; CONCLUSION:The treatment of toxic pulmonary edema with a combination of medications led to an improvement in the gas composition and gas transport function of the blood.

Etnokimia Pada Kain Tenun Songke Asal Desa Kakor Kecamatan Lembor Selatan Kabupaten Manggarai Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur

The study of chemistry from a cultural standpoint is known as ethnochemistry. If it is used in the learning process, it could improve students' accomplishment and retention in chemistry. Because learners knowledge originates from their own culture. However, the application of culture-based chemistry learning has problems integrating culture with chemistry materials. This is also Relevant with Kakor Village, in South Lembor Sub-district, West Manggarai Regency. So a study was conducted with the aim of examining the chemistry that exists in local cultural products, one of which is songke woven fabric. The research design used is qualitative with an ethnographic approach. The instruments used are observation, interviews and documentation that have been verified. The triangulation methodology was used to confirm the data, and then examined qualitatively, which has three stages: reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results demonstrate that chemistry plays a role in the production of songke woven fabric, namely in the phases of the yarn dyeing process when it comes to reaction rates, acid-base balance, and chemical bonding.

Unveiling the power of microenvironment in liver regeneration: an in-depth overview.

The liver serves as a vital regulatory hub for various physiological processes, including sugar, protein, and fat metabolism, coagulation regulation, immune system maintenance, hormone inactivation, urea metabolism, and water-electrolyte acid-base balance control. These functions rely on coordinated communication among different liver cell types, particularly within the liver's fundamental hepatic lobular structure. In the early stages of liver development, diverse liver cells differentiate from stem cells in a carefully orchestrated manner. Despite its susceptibility to damage, the liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity, with the hepatic lobule serving as a secure environment for cell division and proliferation during liver regeneration. This regenerative process depends on a complex microenvironment, involving liver resident cells, circulating cells, secreted cytokines, extracellular matrix, and biological forces. While hepatocytes proliferate under varying injury conditions, their sources may vary. It is well-established that hepatocytes with regenerative potential are distributed throughout the hepatic lobules. However, a comprehensive spatiotemporal model of liver regeneration remains elusive, despite recent advancements in genomics, lineage tracing, and microscopic imaging. This review summarizes the spatial distribution of cell gene expression within the regenerative microenvironment and its impact on liver regeneration patterns. It offers valuable insights into understanding the complex process of liver regeneration.

A hydrogen-bonded organic framework containing fluorescent carbazole and responsive pyridyl units for sensing organic acids

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are a promising candidate for optical sensing, but the lack of effective design strategies poses significant challenges to the construction of HOFs for organic acid sensing. In this work, the first HOF for organic acid sensing is reported by constructing a multiple-pyridine carbazole-based dense HOF, namely HOF-FJU-206, from a tripyridine-carbazole molecular 3,6-bis(pyridin-4-yl)-9-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole (CPPY) with carbazole center for luminescence, pyridyl sites for its responsive of hydrogen proton, and narrow channels in the dense framework for the diffusion of hydrogen protons. HOF-FJU-206 exhibits differential responsively fluorescence sensing and recovery properties to formic, acetic, and propionic acids with different molecular sizes and pKa value (acid dissociation constant). The dissociation degree of various acids can be determined by analyzing the slope of changes in both peak wavelength and intensity of in-situ fluorescence, which easily enables the dual-corrective recognition of different acids. The varying degree of protonation at pyridine sites is proved to be the reason for differential sensing of various acids, as demonstrated by 1H NMR spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization, and modeling studies.

Structure, acidic properties and the coordination ability of sapphyrin with an unsymmetric substitution system

Synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 2,3,7,13,16,17,22,23-octamethyl-8,12-di-[Formula: see text]-butylsapphyrin dichloride (H5P[Formula: see text]Cl[Formula: see text] was carried out. The synthesized compound was identified by electron absorption, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The stability of the anionic complex and the acidic properties of H5P[Formula: see text]Cl2 were studied by spectrophotometric titration. The parameters of the electronic absorption spectra and the concentration range for the existence of deprotonated forms, as well as their acid dissociation constants, are determined. The geometric structure and electronic structure of the molecular and ionic forms of the resulting sapphyrin were calculated in terms of the density functional theory (B3LYP/Def2TZVPP with an empirical correction for GD3 dispersion). The calculations showed good agreement with the experimental data.

Acidity constants and protonation sites of cyclic dinucleotides determined by capillary electrophoresis, quantum chemical calculations, and NMR spectroscopy.

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are important second messengers in bacteria and eukaryotes. Detailed characterization of their physicochemical properties is a prerequisite for understanding their biological functions. Herein, we examine acid-base and electromigration properties of selected CDNs employing capillary electrophoresis (CE), density functional theory (DFT), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to provide benchmark pKa values, as well as to unambiguously determine the protonation sites. Acidity constants (pKa) of the NH+ moieties of adenine and guanine bases and actual and limiting ionic mobilities of CDNs were determined by nonlinear regression analysis of the pH dependence of their effective electrophoretic mobilities measured by CE in aqueous background electrolytes in a wide pH range (0.98-11.48), at constant temperature (25°C), and constant ionic strength (25mM). The thermodynamic pKa values were found to be in the range 3.31-4.56 for adenine and 2.28-3.61 for guanine bases, whereas the pKa of enol group of guanine base was in the range 10.21-10.40. Except for systematic shifts of ∼2pKa, the pKa values calculated by the DFT-D3//COSMO-RS composite protocol that included large-scale conformational sampling and "cross-morphing" were in a relatively good agreement with the pKas determined by CE and predict N1 atom of adenine and N7 atom of guanine as the protonation sites. The protonation of the N1 atom of adenine and N7 atom of guanine in acidic background electrolytes (BGEs) and the dissociation of the enol group of guanine in alkaline BGEs was confirmed also by NMR spectroscopy.

A neural network model for rapid prediction of analyte focusing in isotachophoresis.

We present the development and demonstration of a neural network (NN) model for fast and accurate prediction of whether or not a chosen analyte is focused by an isotachophoresis (ITP) buffer system. The NN model is useful in the rapid evaluation of possible ITP chemistries applicable to analytes of interest. We trained and tested the NN model for univalent species based on extensive data sets of over 10,000 anionic and 10,000 cationic ITP simulations. The NN model uses as inputs the mobilities and the acid dissociation constants of leading electrolyte ion, trailing electrolyte ion, counterion, and a single analyte as well as the leading-to-counterion concentration ratio of the leading zone. The output then indicates whether the chosen electrolyte system yields stable ITP focusing of the analyte. The prediction accuracy of the NN model is over 97.7%. We demonstrate the applicability of the NN by validating its predictions with reported experimental data for anionic and cationic ITP. We have packaged the NN model in a free, web-based application named IONN (isotachophoresis on neural network), which can be used to rapidly screen ITP electrolytesystems.

Resilience against the impacts of climate change in an ecologically and economically significant native oyster

Climate change is acidifying and warming our oceans, at an unprecedented rate posing a challenge for marine invertebrates vital across the globe for ecological services and food security. Here we show it is possible for resilience to climate change in an ecologically and economically significant oyster without detrimental effects to the energy budget. We exposed 24 pair-mated genetically distinct families of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata to ocean acidification and warming for 4w and measured their resilience. Resilience was identified as the capacity to defend their acid-base balance without a loss of energy available for Scope for Growth (SFG). Of the 24 families, 13 were better able to defend their acid-base balance while eight had no loss of energy availability with a positive SFG. This study has found oyster families with reslience against climate change without a loss of SFG, is an essential mitigation strategy, in a critical mollusc.

Influence of Phthalein dyes on structural, optical, and sensing properties of zinc oxide supported Silica-titania nanocomposite

Owed to rapid responsive pH sensing attributes, the zinc-supported Silica-titania (Z/ST) nanocomposite is synthesized by the sol-gel method. Three distinct pH dyes such as phenolphthalein, creosol red, and phenol red are immobilized in Z/ST to examine their influence on the structural and optical properties of Z/ST nanocomposite. Microscopic analyses possessed that Z/ST and dyes immobilized Z/ST have crack-free porous morphology. The phenol red immobilized Z/ST (P-Z/ST) has a low surface roughness ∼0.5 nm, ultra-thin coating ∼2.1 nm, and more hydrophilic features than C-Z/ST (creosol red immobilized Z/ST), and HPh-Z/ST (phenolphthalein immobilized Z/ST). The P-Z/ST possessed 0.3 s against pH 12 and pka 10, C-Z/ST shows a time response 0.5 s and pka (negative log of the acid dissociation constant) value around 8, while Hph-Z/ST revealed a time response 0.68 s and high pka around 11. All three nanocomposites attributed stable and fast responses in basic media.