Ionic Liquid Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide Research Articles

Development of a new class of stable and adaptable free-standing fibre mats with high room-temperature hydroxide-ion conductivity

For alkaline anion-exchange membrane electrolysers and fuel cells to become a technological reality, hydroxide-ion (OH−) conducting membranes that are flexible, robust, affording high OH− conductivity, and synthesised in a low-cost and scalable way must be developed. In this paper, we engineer a stable, self-supporting, and flexible fibre mat using a low-cost ZIF-8 metal–organic framework composited with ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and widely used polyacrylonitrile as polymeric backbone. We obtain mats with a high intrinsic OH− conductivity for a metal–organic framework-based material already at room temperature, without added ion-conductor polymers. This approach will contribute to the development of low-cost and tuneable ion-conducting membranes.

Process Optimization for Ionic Liquid Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Waste Particleboard to Heighten Enzymatic Hydrolysis Saccharification

Process Optimization for Ionic Liquid Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Waste Particleboard to Heighten Enzymatic Hydrolysis Saccharification

Dissolution and deacetylation of chitin in ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and its cascade reaction in enzyme treatment for chitin recycling

Chitin is the second most abundant renewable polymer on earth, and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, is a highly useful biopolymer. This work studied for the first time the application of ionic liquid (IL) tetrabutylammonium hydroxide ([TBA][OH]) and chitin deacetylase from Rhodococcus equi CGMCC14861 (ReCDA) for the efficient conversion of chitin into chitosan at room temperature. Results confirmed that chitin had good solubility in 18 wt% aqueous [TBA][OH] solution at 80 ℃. In addition, efficient chitin deactylation was observed with high concentrations of [TBA][OH] exceeding 12 wt% and showing potential application in chitin conversion. ReCDA activity on chitin was activated by [TBA][OH] pretreatment. Sequential and simultaneous strategies were also compared, and the results showed that the simultaneous one-pot deacetylation provided the highest acetic acid yield of 3.78 mg/g chitin powder after 24 h. This study serves as a guide for the dissolution and deacetylation of chitin to produce high value-added chitosan products.

Comparison of ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid and alkaline pretreatment of Eucalyptus for enhancing enzymatic saccharification

Two ultrasound-assisted pretreatment technologies, ultrasound-assisted alkaline and ultrasound-assisted aqueous ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide ([TBA][OH]), are compared systematically in regard to enzymatic saccharification. Pretreated Eucalyptus samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, 13C cross polarization/magic-angle spinning solid state NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and chemistry composition analysis. These results not only explain the enzymatic saccharification difference between samples from the microstructure level, but also provide helpful information for relevant pretreatment research. Ultrasound-assisted [TBA][OH] pretreatment acquired a significant enhancement in the initial enzymatic rate of cellulose (79.39 mg/g/h), and a reducing sugar yield of 426.6 mg/g at 48 h. The pretreatment combining inexpensive aqueous ionic liquid and ultrasound may provide a promising strategy in the field of bio-refinery because of its unique advantages.

ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles by Azide—Aldehyde Cycloaddition under Ultrasonic Irradiation in TSIL [DBU‐Bu]OH and in Hydrated IL Bu4NOH under Heating.

Efficient and environmentally benign procedures have been reported for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by reaction of aryl azides with aldehydes in task-specific basic ionic liquid [DBU-Bu]OH under ultrasonic irradiation and in hydrated ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (Bu4NOH) under conventional heating. These protocols represent simple, general, and efficient approaches in terms of good yields, operational simplicity, easy workup, and shorter reaction time for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles under metal-free conditions.

Ionic liquid-based hydrothermal synthesis of Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Eu3+ microcrysals

Uniform and well-defined Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Eu3+ microarchitectures have been successfully synthesized via a green and facile ionic liquid-based hydrothermal method followed by a subsequent calcination process. Novel 3D micro-rodbundles and 1D microrods of Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Eu3+ were controllably obtained through this method. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the micromaterials. The proposed formation mechanisms have been investigated on the basis of a series of SEM studies of the products obtained at different hydrothermal durations. The results indicated that hydrothermal temperature and the ionic liquid-tetrabutylammonium hydroxide were two key factors for the formation as well as the morphology control of the Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Eu3+ microarchitectures.

Metal-free synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles by azide–aldehyde cycloaddition under ultrasonic irradiation in TSIL [DBU-Bu]OH and in hydrated IL Bu4NOH under heating

Efficient and environmentally benign procedures have been reported for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by reaction of aryl azides with aldehydes in task-specific basic ionic liquid [DBU-Bu]OH under ultrasonic irradiation and in hydrated ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (Bu4NOH) under conventional heating. These protocols represent simple, general, and efficient approaches in terms of good yields, operational simplicity, easy workup, and shorter reaction time for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles under metal-free conditions.

Green synthesis of 5-arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione, 5-benzylidene rhodanine and dihydrothiophene derivatives catalyzed by hydrated ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in aqueous medium

An efficient synthesis of 5-arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones and 5-benzylidene rhodanines by the Knoevenagel condensation of 2,4-thiazolidinedione or rhodanine with aromatic aldehydes was studied. It proceeded smoothly in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide/H 2O-EtOH to afford the corresponding products in high yields at 50°C. Also, a series of dihydrothiophene derivatives were synthesized via the four-component reaction of aldehyde, malonitrile, 2,4-thiazolidinedione, and piperidine in the presence of Bu4NOH as a basic ionic liquid in aqueous medium. This new method offers several advantages, such as excellent yields, short reaction times, and simple procedure.

In(OH)3particles from an ionic liquid precursor and their conversion to porous In2O3particles for enhanced gas sensing properties

The ionic liquid precursor tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) is used to synthesize In(OH)3 particles. The ionic liquid TBAH is demonstrated to be effective for the synthesis of In(OH)3 nanorods with a controlled size. The effect of the indium salt and the added water amount on the final products is investigated. The synthesized In(OH)3 nanorods could be further transformed into porous In2O3 rod particles. Specifically, the gas sensing properties of the synthesized porous In2O3 rod particles to various organic compounds (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethyl acetate and toluene) exhibit remarkable sensitivities, low detection limits and fast response–recovery times, which are superior to the reported In2O3 based sensors. The as-prepared porous In2O3 rod-based sensors thus demonstrate their potential applications in detecting chemical contaminants and dangerous gases.

ZnO nanostructure construction on zinc foil: the concept from an ionic liquid precursor aqueous solution

Aligned ZnO arrays with branched rods, hexagonal rods, quasi-round rods, hexagonal pyramids and porous nanostructures are constructed on zinc foil in the ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution.

Uniform Metal (Hydr)Oxide Particles from Water/Ionic Liquid Precursor (ILP) Mixtures

We have recently shown that the hydrated ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) is an efficient ionic liquid precursor (ILP) for the fabrication of ZnO/carbohydrate materials (D. Mumalo-Djokic, W. B. Stern, A. Taubert, Cryst. Growth Des. 2008, 8, 330). The current paper shows that ZnO is just one example out of the large group of technologically important metal (hydr)oxides that can be made using TBAH. Simply by using different metal acetates as precursors in TBAH, it is possible to make a wide variety of metal (hydr)oxides with well-defined size, morphology, and chemical composition. It is also possible to dope metal oxide particles or to synthesize mixed metal oxide particles, and therefore to control properties like magnetism.

Hollow Zinc Oxide Mesocrystals from an Ionic Liquid Precursor (ILP)

The highly hydrated ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) is an efficient ionic liquid precursor (ILP) for the fabrication of zinc oxide mesocrystals. Upon reaction of TBAH with zinc acetate, individual nanometer-sized ZnO building blocks assemble into highly correlated ZnO mesocrystals. The mesocrystals are up to ca. 10 µm in length and the larger crystals have a channel running along the long crystal axis.

Zinc Oxide/Carbohydrate Hybrid Materials via Mineralization of Starch and Cellulose in the Strongly Hydrated Ionic Liquid Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide

Zinc oxide/carbohydrate hybrid materials have been fabricated via mineralization of ZnO in the strongly hydrated ionic liquid (IL) tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) in the presence of cellulose o...