Ionic Liquid Extraction Research Articles

Mechanism of selectivity of tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride for vanadium

Ionic liquid (IL)-based extraction is a promising and environmentally benign separation technology. Processes for quaternary ammonium-based IL extraction of vanadium have been extensively studied, but the vanadium extraction mechanism has not been accurately confirmed. This study investigated vanadium extraction from sulphuric acid leachate of shale by solvent extraction with tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride (TOMAC/CH3NClR3). The results indicated that 90.50 % of the vanadium extraction percentage comprised one stage under the optimal condition experiments. These experiments were carried out at pH 1.8; the IL phase consisted of 25 vol% TOMAC, 15 vol% TBP, and 60 vol% sulfonated kerosene; O/A phase ratio of 1:7.5; extraction time of 120 s. The forms of vanadium and impurities present were revealed by the solution chemistry, Medusa software simulation. The extraction mechanism of vanadium was investigated using ultraviolet spec-trophotometer (UV–Vis), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and hotometer matrix-assisted laser-resolved ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MALDI-TOF-MS). Under extraction conditions at pH 1.8, vanadium was present as an anion in the form H2V10O4- 28 and HV10O5- 28. Since the extraction mechanism of TOMAC was anion exchange, the extracted vanadium was mainly present as the anionic complex [(CH3NR3)4·H2V10O4- 28]/[(CH3NR3)5·HV10O5- 28]. The ESP map of TOMAC and V (V) was calculated to confirm the reaction sites and was used to verify the anion exchange mechanism.

A Review of the Occurrence and Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Electronic Waste.

Electronic waste (e-waste) contains valuable rare earth elements (REEs) essential for various high-tech applications, making their recovery crucial for sustainable resource management. This review provides an overview of the occurrence of REEs in e-waste and discusses both conventional and emerging green technologies for their recovery. Conventional methods include physical separation, hydrometallurgy, and pyrometallurgy, while innovative approaches such as bioleaching, supercritical fluid extraction, ionic liquid extraction, and lanmodulin-derived peptides offer improved environmental sustainability and efficiency. The article presents case studies on the extraction of REEs from waste permanent magnets and fluorescent powders, highlighting the specific processes involved. Future research should focus on developing eco-friendly leaching agents, separation materials, and process optimization to enhance the overall sustainability and efficiency of REE recovery from e-waste, addressing both resource recovery and environmental concerns effectively.

Direct lithium extraction from Canadian oil and gas produced water using functional ionic liquids – A preliminary study

In this study, a functional ionic liquid system was successfully applied to extract lithium from the Canadian oil and gas produced water samples without further dilution at ambient conditions. The effects of interference cations, dissolved organics and other factors on the extraction were studied in detail. Chemical precipitation method was applied to reduce the concentrations of divalent ions before the ionic liquid extraction. The extraction efficiency is about 70% on average and can be as high as 90%. It appears that this extraction method can be directly applied to the oilfield brine samples with both high Na/Li and Mg/Li ratios. In addition, it seems that the dissolved organics in the produced water did not impact the extraction efficiency. Efforts shall be made in the future to reduce the cost by replacing the diluent with another type of solvent and further improving the recycle and reuse of the IL systems. In summary, the technology can achieve satisfactory lithium extraction from the Canadian oil and gas produced water.

Influence of ionic liquid (R4PSCN) for selective separation and recovery of copper from spent Cu[sbnd]Cr catalyst leach liquor

Separation and recovery of copper (Cu) from sulphate mediated CuCr spent catalyst leach solution through solvent extraction approach has been systematically investigated. A number of Ionic Liquid (IL) and other conventional extractants were used while investigating the selectivity and efficient extraction tendency of either IL or extractants towards Cu(II). In context of copper extraction efficiency, the adopted organic reagents followed the descending order: R4PSCN > R4PD > R4PCy > Cyphos 101 > Aliquot 336 > D2EHPA > Cyanex 272. The extraction behavior of Cu(II) was established based on slope analysis method. From the results it was noticed that extraction occurs through a cation exchange mechanism with association of a mole of Cu(II) per mole of R4PSCN. The plot of log D vs. log [R4PSCN] yield a linear relationship with a slope close to 4 which is used to propose extraction reaction mechanism/ stoichiometry. The nature of complex between Cu(II) and IL was further examined using FTIR analysis of the loaded organic phase with the diluent. Mc-Cabe Thiele diagram was constructed to predict quantitative extraction of Cu(II) which revealed the need for two stages at aqueous to organic (A:O) phase volume ratio of =3:1. The stripping isotherm constructed at optimum NH4OH concentration (0.4 M) suggests the need for two stages at O:A phase volume ratio of = 2:1 for complete stripping of copper with regeneration of R4SCN for further use. Both isotherm conditions were validated by 6 cycles of counter current simulation (CCS) study for obtaining the desired amount of Cu(II) loaded R4SCN (during extraction) and/or stripped copper solution (during stripping). Overall copper enrichment was ∼6 fold leading to produce a copper(II) solution of 48 g/L from 6 g/L Cu(II). The stripped solution was subjected to crystallization study to produce copper sulphate crystals of high purity and was confirmed by XRD analysis of crystal phases.

An updated review of composition, health benefits, and applications of phenolic compounds in Ficus Carica L.

AbstractFicus carica L. (FC) is rich in phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Phenolic compounds in FC show remarkable health benefits and applications. The composition of phenolic compounds in FC can vary with some factors, such as variety, ripeness, geographical location, extraction methods and processing methods. New techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical water extraction and ionic liquid extraction should be further developed and combined with traditional techniques to obtain higher quality sources of phenolic compounds. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies reported healthy benefits of phenolic compounds in FC, such as anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, anti‐obesity, anti‐cancer and anti‐Alzheimer's. Further works are required to reveal mechanisms and structure‐activity relationships, such as targeted metabolomics and pharmacological studies. In terms of applications, phenolic compounds in FC as prebiotics on the intestinal flora need to be further studied to expand their applicability in food fermentation. In a word, this review highlights the remarkable health benefits and application value of phenolic compounds in FC.

Research on the Application of Ionic Liquid Extraction Agent in the Enhanced Separation of Allyl Alcohol-Water Azeotropic System

Research on the Application of Ionic Liquid Extraction Agent in the Enhanced Separation of Allyl Alcohol-Water Azeotropic System

Resources recovery-rubidium recovery from desalination brine through hydrometallurgy techniques

Because of the water scarcity in many regions, different methods have been implemented to address this problem. The desalination technique is known as a practical solution among them. However, brine from the desalination process, which contains high concentrations of salts, minerals, and chemicals, will cause environmental harm to the sea, soil, and groundwater if it is not properly treated. Therefore, recovering critical resources from brine is essential for reducing brine disposal. This study aims to apply two hydrometallurgy systems, namely ion exchange and ionic liquid extraction, to circulate rubidium resources from brine. Dowex G26 resin was employed in the ion exchange system, and the adsorption isotherm model and saturated adsorption capacity were explored initially. The optimal parameters such as pH value, L/S ratio (liquid/solid), adsorption period, and adsorption temperature will then be investigated. In the ionic liquid extraction process, the t-BAMBP/C2mimNTf2 system (4-tert-Butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyls​ulfonyl)​imide) was used, and the parameters including pH value, concentrations of t-BAMBP, (O + I)/A ratio (organic + ionic liquid/aqueous), extraction time, and extraction temperature will be optimized as well. The results reveal that adsorption capacity and extraction efficiencies were 14.3 mg g− 1 and 86%, respectively. Furthermore, suitable reagents, including HCl and HNO3, were applied to desorb and strip rubidium from the Dowex G26 and t-BAMBP/C2mimNTf2 systems. To sum up, environmental hazards of desalination brine and rubidium resources can be reduced and recovered through the two different extraction systems.

Application of ionic liquid extractant in enhanced separation of 2-propanol-n-hexane azeotrope system

2-Propanol and n-hexane are widely used (as) chemical reagents in electronic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. An efficient separation of the azeotropic system of 2-propanol-n-hexane is of profound practical significance. By using the conductor-like screening model for real solve (COSMO-RS) predictive model, ionic liquids as extractants for separating the azeotropic system of 2-propanol-n-hexane were evaluated with selectivity coefficients (S) and capacity (C) as the evaluation indexes. Based on the evaluation results, one high-performance extractants named hydroxylamine Cl (C8A19) was selected from 435 kinds of ionic liquids designed by combining 29 kinds of anions and 15 kinds of cations. Moreover, the reliability of the model in predicting the vapor–liquid phase equilibrium behavior of 2-propanol-n-hexane system was verified. Then, the effect of C8A19 on the vapor–liquid phase equilibrium of the 2-propanol-n-hexane system was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the azeotrope of the system can be broken when the molar fraction of C8A19 is 0.02, denoting that C8A19 can be used for enhanced separation of 2-propanol-n-hexane system. On the basis of the aforementioned study, the selectivity mechanism of the extractant was analyzed from the perspective of microscopic molecular interactions by using the descriptor (σ-profiles) of COSMO-RS. This study provides both theoretical and data support for further designing high-performance ionic liquid extractants and extraction process.

Ionic liquid microwave-assisted hydrodistillation extraction of Angelica sinensis essential oil and its own anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities

In this study, ionic liquid microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (IL-MAHD) was employed to overcome the challenges of substantial emulsification and low extraction yield which occur in the extraction process of Angelica sinensis essential oil (AEO). Additionally, an online detection system was introduced into the AEO extractor to enable real-time monitoring during the extraction process. Optimal conditions were determined as follows: material-to-liquid of 1:10, ionic liquid concentration of 0.5%, microwave power of 400 W, extraction time of 4 h, condensation temperature of 20 °C, and cooling temperature of 40 °C. Under these optimized conditions, the AEO yield reached 0.7707%, marking a 1.4066-fold increase compared to microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and a 3.7615-fold increase compared to hydrodistillation (HD). Meanwhile, IL-MAHD exhibited the highest relative content of (Z)-ligustilide (73.424%), and the corresponding AEO displayed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects at concentrations of 7.8125, 15.625, and 31.25 µg/g. The results of extraction kinetics and online monitoring suggested that the IL-MAHD achieved the fastest extraction yield of AEO. This study provides a new perspective on exploring a potential cost-efficient technology for the industrial extraction of essential oils.

Ionic liquid assisted extraction induced by emulsion breaking for extraction of trace metals in diesel, gasoline and kerosene prior to ICP-OES analysis

This study describes a novel and greener ionic liquid assisted extraction induced by emulsion breaking (ILA-EIEB) method for extraction of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni Pb, Sb, Sn, Tb, Te and V in fuel oils. The most influential extraction parameters were ionic liquid concentration [(1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)], HNO3 concentration, Triton X-100 concentration, and sample mass and were optimised by using full factorial and Box-Behnken designs. The optimum conditions obtained were 0.035 % 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) concentration, 18 % v/v HNO3 concentration, 15 % w/v Triton X-100 concentration, and 0.1 g sample mass. The emulsions were fully broken by using a controlled heating water bath at temperature of 80 ± 2 °C for 30 ± 4 min, followed by centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 15 min. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed ILA-EIEB method was accurate (80.1–101 %) and precise (1.9–4.7 %) for all the investigated metals. The method detection limits were 0.107, 0.013, 3.494 and 0.560 μg/g for Ba, Na, Ni and V, respectively. The optimised ILA-EIEB method was then applied in real fuel samples and metal concentration levels ranged from 0.072 to 8.610 μg/g, which were consistent with other literature reported work. Therefore, this study suggests that the examined metal ions present in fuel oils commercialised in Johannesburg, South Africa are in tolerable concentration levels and are not a threat.

Customizable cholinium-based aqueous biphasic systems as ecofriendly extraction platform for removal of pesticide from wastewaters

This study explores the use of a series of cholinium ionic liquids (ILs) or salts in combination with polypropylene glycol 400 to form aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) for extracting various polarity pesticides (dicamba, clomazone, pyraclostrobin, and deltamethrin) from water. We assessed five cholinium-based salting-out agents ([Ch][DHP], [Ch]Cl, [Ch][Ac], [Ch][Lac], and [Ch][Nic]), chosen for their structural diversity and unique properties, such as high salting-out potential and different ability to undergo specific interactions. Liquid-liquid equilibrium phase diagrams were established, and partition experiments were conducted to evaluate extraction efficiency. Different partition patterns were obtained for studied pesticides, with [Ch][DHP] demonstrating the highest efficiency exceeding 90 % for each target pesticide due to its strong salting-out ability. On the other hand, more diverse partition trends due to specific interactions were obtained for low-melting cholinium-ILs ABS. The effect of pH and temperature on the partitioning behavior in [Ch][Ac]-based ABS highlighted the cholinium ILs extraction system's customizable nature. Focusing on [Ch]Cl for its eco-friendly aspects, widespread availability and excellent extraction performance, we optimized parameters for the removal of pesticides from real samples, applying the technology to spiked agricultural wastewater with an extraction efficiency of over 99 %. Our findings demonstrate the potential of cholinium-based IL-ABS in reducing environmental pollution through efficient pesticide extraction.

Optimizing the method for removing MSNs templates using an ionic liquid ([C4mim]Cl)

The key step in preparing mesoporous silica is to remove the organic template agent, and the most common method used to achieve this goal is high-temperature calcination. However, this method has many disadvantages, one of which is that it reduces the silanol density on the surface of mesoporous silica, which affects its subsequent modification. Ionic liquids (ILs) are often used as extractants. In this work, the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) IL is considered, and the effects of its concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time as well as HCl concentration on the extraction rate and silanol density were investigated using an IL extraction template agent (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)). The results show that an IL concentration of 10%, a reaction temperature of 120 °C, a reaction time of 12 h, and an HCl concentration of 1% are the best reaction parameters; with these parameters, the extraction rate and the silanol density were found to be 93.19% and 2.23%, respectively. The silanol density of mesoporous silica treated by calcination is only 0.81%. A higher silanol density provides more reaction sites, so that the modified mesoporous silica treated with the IL can be loaded with more Zn ions.

Sono-Microwave Assisted Chlorine free and Ionic Liquid (SMACIL) extraction of cellulose from Urtica dioica: A benign to green approach

The extraction of cellulose using eco-friendly solvents has been gaining significant attention for a couple of decades. This study investigated the impact of benign and green solvents on the extraction, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and crystallinity of cellulose extracted from Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle) using a Sono-Microwave Assisted Chlorine free and Ionic Liquid (SMACIL) extraction technique. In this regard, the stalks were undergone through pre chemical treatment before starting bleaching them with hydrogen peroxide (HPO) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BMIM-Ac) having different mole ratios (5, 7.5, and 10) to expose cellulose. The Urtica dioica cellulose (UDC) was characterized using FTIR, tensile testing, FESEM, XRD, and TGA. The fibrillation and lumen can be seen in SEM images that confirm the extraction of cellulose. The results showed that the BMIM-Ac-10 gives the maximum cellulose yield (88 %) than other compositions. Moreover, the cellulose extracted using BMIM-Ac-10 has high mechanical strength which makes it a potential constituent for various applications in the field of materials science. These results have significant implications for the development of sustainable and efficient processes for the extraction of cellulose.

Extraction of Pyrrole from Its Mixture with n-Hexadecane Using Ionic Liquids and Their Binary Mixtures.

The conventional hydrodenitrogenation method is expensive and involves the use of catalysts and harsh procedures. In the last few years, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained attention as a promising alternative solvent for fuel oil extractive denitrogenation. In this work, the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to screen 173 potential ILs as solvents for fuel oil. Two ILs (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][N(CN)2]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([EMIM][MeSO3])) were selected for experimental investigation. The experimental liquid-liquid extraction of pyrrole (taken as the model nitrogen compound) from n-hexadecane (the model fuel) was conducted at 298 K and 1 atm with feed concentrations of pyrrole ranging from 10 to 50 wt%, using either the two pure ILs or their mixtures with dimethylformamide or ethylene glycol. Moreover, the NRTL model was effectively used to correlate the experimental tie lines. This work shows that the use of a binary mixture of ILs with a conventional solvent results in good selectivity, but has a low capacity for extracting pyrrole compounds. On the other hand, using an IL-IL mixture exhibits good results for both capacity and selectivity. All the ternary systems tested showed positive slopes, indicating that the nitrogen compounds had a higher affinity for the IL and binary mixture extract phase. In fact, the extraction efficiency for all the systems shows promising results. This characteristic is advantageous, as it requires less solvent to remove nitrogen compounds.

Highly selective extraction of scandium(III) from rare earth elements using quaternary ammonium based ionic liquids: Experimental and DFT studies

Global demand for rare earth elements (REEs) is steadily increasing, emphasizing the necessity of effective extraction and recovery methods. Although REEs recovery from electronic waste using ionic liquid (IL) extractants offers an alternative solution to avoid potential adverse environmental impacts during traditional mining and processing, highly efficient and selective extraction is still essential. Especially, due to similarities with other REEs, recovery of scandium (Sc(III)) is confronting grand challenges. Herein, quaternary ammonium based ILs (QA-ILs), i.e., [N333 MeOAc][Tf2N] and [N444 MeOAc][Tf2N], have been successfully synthesized for selective Sc(III) extraction from other REEs under various conditions, e.g., initial acidity and IL concentration. Both ILs demonstrate superior selectivity for Sc(III) extraction from other REEs. Specifically, at pH 4.5 and 5, the extraction efficiency of Sc(III) using [N333 MeOAc][Tf2N] was 73.6 % and 83.4 %, respectively, while it was high up to 90.5 % and 95.9 %, respectively, using [N444 MeOAc][Tf2N]. Because of stronger hydrophobicity, [N444 MeOAc][Tf2N] exhibited a higher extraction efficiency. Furthermore, [N444 MeOAc][Tf2N] demonstrated a higher selectivity for Sc(III) as compared to other REEs, with high separation factor of 17 for Sc(III)/Lu(III) and Sc(III)/Yb(III). Additionally, the ILs can be recycled with a high stripping efficiency up to 86 % using 4 mol·L−1 H2SO4 solution. Density functional theory calculations further validated neutral exchange of Sc(III) in the neutral IL extraction process. This study presents a feasible solvent extraction system using novel QA-ILs for highly effective and selective Sc(III) extraction from waste streams.

Enhanced extraction of methanol and dimethyl carbonate by hydrogen bond breaking-reconstruction with deep eutectic solvents

The separation of methanol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is of great significance in industry. Extraction separation can be used for methanol-DMC separation due to simple operation and low energy consumption. The ionic liquid (IL) extractants can achieve good separation efficiency, but there is a problem of large loss of DMC entrainment. In this work, in order to reduce DMC entrainment, we introduced hydrogen bond donors into ILs to form deep eutectic solvents (DESs), so as to weaken the interaction between extractant and DMC. The characterization results indicated that the introduction of hydrogen bonding donors significantly reduces the viscosity of the system. Further extraction experimental results demonstrated that this strategy can effectively reduce the entrainment of DMC by 30 % while maintaining an extraction efficiency of up to 80 %. By conducting interaction energy calculations, electrostatic potential (ESP) charge analysis, interaction region indicator (IRI) analysis, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis for each system, the mechanism of hydrogen bond breaking and hydrogen bond reconstruction between DESs and components in methanol-DMC system was discovered, thus elucidating the mechanism of reducing DMC entrainment at the molecular level.

Study on preparation of ultra-clean coal from bituminous coal using the ionic liquid extraction

ABSTRACT In order to realize clean and efficient utilization of low rank coal, ultra-clean coal preparation is an important method. A clean and efficient method of producing ultra-clean coal is urgently needed, given the high environmental impact and corrosiveness of the chemicals used in the traditional chemical preparation of ultra-clean coal. In this study, ultra-clean coal was prepared by leaching using acidic imidazole ionic liquids, and the effects of temperature, time and concentration on the reaction process were investigated. The ash composition of the sample and the ash removal mechanism under the ionic liquid were revealed, and the evolution law of the microstructure and functional group characteristics was clarified. The research showed that the concentration and temperature had a large influence on the ash content of the product during the leaching process, and the reaction time had a small influence. The minimum ash content of the ultra-clean coal could reach 0.89% (dry basis). In the ionic liquid system, iron, calcium and magnesium in the coal were effectively removed, the iron oxide content was significantly reduced and calcium salts except calcium sulfate were effectively removed, while periclase was almost completely removed. However, the removal of silicon and aluminum was poor. Most of the alumina and silica remained in the ultra-clean coal. Extracted coal had more cracks and rougher surface than raw coal, the BET surface area decreased from 2.8579 to 2.4032. Under the influence of ionic liquid, the Aar/Aal ratio, which evaluates the aromaticity of coal, increased from 0.3702 to 0.8569, indicating that the aromaticity of coal was significantly improved. The CH2/CH3 ratio describing the length and branching degree of aliphatic chains in coal decreased from 4.0849 to 3.1516 which showed that ionic liquids can effectively reduce the length of aliphatic side chains, weakening the coal’s oxidizing activity. The pyrolysis curve of coal shifted to the high temperature zone and the peak temperature increased, indicating the effect of ionic liquids on the chemical stability of coal.

Modelling enzyme inhibition toxicity of ionic liquid from molecular structure via convolutional neural network model

ABSTRACT Deep learning (DL) methods further promote the development of quantitative structure–activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) models by dealing with complex relationships between data. An acetylcholinesterase inhibitory toxicity model of ionic liquids (ILs) was established using a convolution neural network (CNN) combined with support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). A CNN model was proposed for feature self-learning and extraction of ILs. By comparing with the model results through feature engineering (FE), the model regression results based on the CNN model for feature extraction have been substantially improved. The results showed that all six models (FE-SVM, FE-RF, FE-MLP, CNN-SVM, CNN-RF, and CNN-MLP) had good prediction accuracy, but the results based on the CNN model were better. The hyperparameters of six models were optimized by grid search and the 10-fold cross validation. Compared with the existing models in the literature, the model performance has been further improved. The model could be used as an intelligent tool to guide the design or screening of low-toxicity ILs.

Circulation of boron resources from desalination brine through solvent extraction (TMPD/2-ethylhexanol with kerosene) and ionic-liquid extraction (ALiCy/kerosene) methods

Circulation of boron resources from desalination brine through solvent extraction (TMPD/2-ethylhexanol with kerosene) and ionic-liquid extraction (ALiCy/kerosene) methods

Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution Using Shrimp Shell Residue as a Biosorbent after Astaxanthin Recovery.

Natural astaxanthin has been widely used in the food, cosmetic, and medicine industries due to its exceptional biological activity. Shrimp shell is one of the primary natural biological sources of astaxanthin. However, after astaxanthin recovery, there is still a lot of chitin contained in the residues. In this study, the residue from shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) shells after astaxanthin extraction using ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate ([Emim]Ac) was used as a bioadsorbent to remove fluoride from the aqueous solution. The results show the IL extraction conditions, including the solid/liquid ratio, temperature, time, and particle size, all played important roles in the removal of fluoride by the shrimp shell residue. The shrimp shells treated using [Emim]Ac at 100 °C for 2 h exhibited an obvious porous structure, and the porosity showed a positive linear correlation with defluorination (DF, %). Moreover, the adsorption process of fluoride was nonspontaneous and endothermic, which fits well with both the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir model is 3.29 mg/g, which is better than most bioadsorbents. This study provides a low-cost and efficient method for the preparation of adsorbents from shrimp processing waste to remove fluoride from wastewater.