Ion-isotopic Exchange Reactions Research Articles

Application of radio analytical tracer technique to study the performance of industrial grade ion exchange resin exposed to UV radiations

Abstract The thermodynamics and kinetics of bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions performed by using fresh and UV radiation degraded industrial grade anion exchange resin Duolite A-638 resins were studied by application of radio analytical tracer technique. The reaction rate k in min−1 for the fresh resin decreases sharply with decrease in wavelength of UV radiations. Thus for 0.200 M labeled bromide ion solution maintained at a constant temperature of 30.0 °C, the k value for fresh resin (0.367 min−1), decreases to 0.335 min−1 for λ384 UV radiation degraded resin, which further decreases to 0.273 min−1 for λ284 UV radiation degraded resin. Under identical experimental conditions, the thermodynamic parameters like energy of activation (−1.65 kJ/mol), enthalpy of activation (−4.24 kJ/mol), free energy of activation (64.85 kJ/mol), and entropy of activation (−0.229 kJ/K/mol) calculated for the fresh resin increases to −1.61 kJ/mol, −4.19 kJ/mol, 64.92 kJ/mol, and −0.228 kJ/K/mol respectively for λ384 UV radiation degraded resin; which further increases to −1.60 kJ/mol, −4.18 kJ/mol, 65.17 kJ/mol, and −0.228 kJ/K/mol respectively for λ284 UV radiation degraded resin. Increase in thermodynamic parameters calculated here for the fresh and degraded resins suggests that decrease in wavelength of UV radiations has catastrophic effect on the resin making the bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions thermodynamically less feasible. The impact of UV radiation on resin degradation was supported by their characterization study using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques.

Characterization of polystyrene and polyacrylic based polymeric materials exposed to oxidative degradation

Abstract The characterization of oxidative degraded polystyrene-based resin (R1) and polyacrylic based resin (R2) resins in H2O2 and HClO4 degradation medium were made based on the kinetics and thermodynamic data obtained for the ion-isotopic exchange reactions using such resins. For the reactions performed by using resins degraded in H2O2 medium, the reaction rate (k) values obtained for the fresh R1 (0.315 min–1) and R2 (0.187 min–1) resins decreases to 0.300 and 0.155 min–1 respectively for the resins degraded in 20% H2O2 medium, which further decreases to 0.289 and 0.142 min–1 respectively for the resins degraded in 30% H2O2 medium. A similar trend in the results were observed for the reactions performed by using the above resins degraded in HClO4 medium. The higher values of k (min–1) and low values of various thermodynamic parameters for the ion-isotopic exchange reactions performed by using fresh and degraded polystyrene-based resin R1 resins suggests superior degradation stability as compared to polyacrylic based R2 resin.

Radiotracer application for characterization of nuclear grade anion exchange resins Tulsion A-23 and Dowex SBR LC

Abstract Radio isotopic tracer technique as one of the versatile nondestructive technique is employed to evaluate the performance of nuclear grade anion exchange resins Tulsion A-23 and Dowex SBR LC. The evaluation was made on the basis of ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetics by using 131I and 82Br radioactive tracer isotopes. It was observed that for both the resins, the values of specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol) and initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) were calculated to be lower for bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction than that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction under identical experimental conditions of 30.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.001 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.377, 0.212, 0.080 and 15.5 respectively for Dowex SBR LC resin, which was higher than 0.215, 0.144, 0.031 and 14.1 respectively as that obtained for Tulsion A23 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 30.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 84.75 % to 90.20 % for Dowex SBR LC resins which was higher than increases from 57.66 % to 62.38 % obtained for Tulsion A23 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate superior performance of Dowex SBR LC over Tulsion A23 resins under identical experimental conditions.

Nondestructive radioactive tracer technique in performance evaluation of organic based ion exchange materials Purolite NRW-4000 and Duolite A-378

Abstract The present paper demonstrates nondestructive application of the 131I and 82Br radioisotopes in performance evaluation of organic base anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-4000 and Duolite A-378. The evaluation was based on kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions taking place between the external ionic solution and the resin surface. It was observed that at a constant temperature of 35.0 °C when the concentration of bromide ions in solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the specific reaction rate values for bromide ion-isotopic exchange increases from 0.228 to 0.266 min−1 using Purolite NRW-4000 resins and from 0.160 to 0.185 min−1 using Duolite A-378 resins. Also it was observed that under the same experimental conditions, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged increases from 60.67 % to 67.00 % using Purolite NRW-4000 resin, while for Duolite A-378 resin it increases from 49.30 % to 52.00%. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate that under identical experimental conditions, as compared to Duolite A-378 resins, Purolite NRW-4000 resins shows superior performance. It is expected that the present nondestructive radiotracer technique can be extended further for characterization of series of nuclear as well as non-nuclear grade ion exchange resins. The results of such study will be immensely useful in proper selection of the ion exchange resins in various industrial applications.

Radioactive tracer application to study the thermodynamics of ion exchange reactions using Tulsion A-23 and Indion-454

In the present investigation, short-lived radioisotopes were applied to study the thermodynamics of ion-isotopic exchange reactions using Tulsion A-23 (nuclear grade) and Indion-454 (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. It was observed during the bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction using Tulsion A-23 resins that the enthalpy and energy of activation values calculated were 6,831.1 and 9,412.6 J mol−1, respectively, which were less than the respective values of 7,277.9 and 9,859.4 J mol−1 obtained for the same reaction using Indion-454 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during the iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The thermodynamic data suggest that Tulsion A-23 resins were more efficient than Indion-454. This was further confirmed from the fact that under identical experimental conditions higher amount of ions were exchanged using Tulsion A-23 resins as compared to those using Indion-454 resins. The overall results reveal superior performance of Tulsion A-23 over Indion-454 resins under identical experimental conditions.

Performance evaluation of anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-5050 and Duolite A-611 by application of radioisotopic techniques

Abstract Radioanalytical techniques using 131I and 82Br as tracer isotopes were applied to study the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions taking place between the external labeled ionic solution and the resin surface. The results indicate low values of specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol) and initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) for bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction as compared to that obtained for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 35.0 °C, 1 000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.340, 0.394, 0.134 and 20.2 respectively for Purolite NRW-5050 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.216, 0.290, 0.063 and 18.2 as that obtained by using Duolite A-611. The results of present investigation indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. From the results it appears that as compared to Duolite A-611 resins, Purolite NRW-5050 resins shows superior performance under identical experimental conditions.

Ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetics using organic base anion exchange resins Indion-102 and Indion GS-400

The present study deals with the kinetic study of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions in organic based anion exchange resins Indion-102 (nuclear grade) and Indion GS-400 (non-nuclear grade) using radiotracer isotopes. The resins in iodide and bromide form were equilibrated respectively with iodide and bromide ion solutions which were previously spiked with 131I and 82Br radiotracer isotopes. For both bromide and iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions, it was observed that the values of specific reaction rate increase with increase in ion concentration from 0.001 to 0.004 M at a constant temperature of 40.0°C. However, at constant ion concentration of 0.003 M, the specific reaction rate was observed to decrease with rise in temperature from 30.0 to 45.0°C. Also it was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction by using Indion-102 resin, the values of specific reaction rate, amount of iodide ion exchanged, initial rate of iodide ion exchange and logK d were 0.258 min−1, 0.492 mmol, 0.127 mmol/min and 19.2, respectively, which were higher than 0.208 min−1, 0.416 mmol, 0.087 mmol/min and 17.6, respectively, obtained by using Indion GS-400 resin under identical experimental conditions of 40.0°C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resin and 0.003M labeled iodide ion solution. The same trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate that, under identical experimental conditions, Indion-102 resin shows higher performance than Indion GS-400 resin.

Evaluation of anion exchange resins Tulsion A-30 and Indion-930A by application of radioanalytical technique

Radioanalytical technique using 131I and 82Br was employed to evaluate organic based anion exchange resins Tulsion A-30 and Indion-930A. The evaluation was based on performance of these resins during iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction by using Tulsion A-30 resin, the values of specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and logKd were 0.238, 0.477, 0.114, and 11.0, respectively, which was higher than 0.155, 0.360, 0.056, and 7.3, respectively as that obtained by using Indion-930A resins under identical experimental conditions of 40.0°C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled iodide ion solution. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0°C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 to 0.004 M, for Tulsion A-30 resins the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 59.0 to 65.1%, and from 46.4 to 48.8% for Indion-930A resins under identical experimental conditions. The identical trend was observed for both the resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The overall results indicate that under identical experimental conditions, Tulsion A-30 show superior performance over Indion-930A resins. The results of present experimental work have demonstrated that the radioanalytical technique used here can be successfully applied for characterization of different ion exchange resins so as to evaluate their performance under various process parameters.

Radio analytical technique in characterization of nuclear grade ion exchangers Duolite ARA-9366B and Purolite NRW-5010

Ion exchange is one of the widely used techniques in nuclear industries for treatment of liquid radioactive waste. Regular efforts are being made in order to develop new ion exchange resins and their subsequent characterization so as to bring about efficient industrial performance. Among the different characterization techniques, radioactive tracer technique is one of the sensitive analytical techniques, mainly because of its non-destructive nature, high detection sensitivity, capability of in-situ detection, and physico-chemical compatibility with the material under study. The present work was therefore performed to demonstrate the application of the radioactive tracer technique in performance evaluation of two closely related nuclear grade anion exchange resins Duolite ARA-9366B and Purolite NRW-5010. The short-lived radioisotope 131I and 82Br were used in the present experimental work to trace the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The radioactivity was measured at various time intervals using γ-ray spectrometer having well type NaI(Tl) scintillation detector of Nucleonix make. From the radioactivity measured at various time intervals, the values of specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol), and initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) were calculated. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction under identical experimental conditions of 30.0°C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.001 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the above values were calculated as 0.246, 0.155, and 0.038, respectively for Purolite NRW-5010 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.201, 0.139, and 0.028 obtained for Duolite ARA-9366B resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate that under identical experimental conditions, Purolite NRW-5010 resins exhibit superior performance over Duolite ARA-9366B resins. The same technique can be extended further for performance evaluation of different nuclear as well as non-nuclear grade ion exchange resins.

Radiotracers in performance evaluation of nuclear grade resins Amberlite IRN-78 and Purolite NRW-8000

Abstract The present paper deals with evaluation of organic base nuclear grade anion exchange resins Amberlite IRN-78 and Purolite NRW-8000 by application of radioactive tracer isotopes 131I and 82Br. The evaluation was made on the basis of their performance in iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions carried out under different experimental conditions like temperature and ionic concentration. It was observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction at a constant temperature of 30.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 70.10 % to 77.10 % for Amberlite IRN-78, which was higher than an increase of 63.90 % to 71.00 % as obtained for Purolite NRW-8000 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 30.0 °C, using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.001 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated to be 0.280, 0.175, 0.049 and 11.4 respectively for Amberlite IRN-78 resin, which was higher than the values of 0.258, 0.160, 0.041 and 10.6 respectively as that obtained by using Purolite NRW-8000 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The results of present investigation also indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. The overall results indicate that under identical experimental conditions, Amberlite IRN-78 resins show superior performance over Purolite NRW-8000 resins.

Radiotracers in kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reactions using anion exchange resins indion-103 and indion-870

The kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions was studied by radio analytical technique using 131I and 82Br as tracer isotopes. The parameters like specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of ions exchanged (mmol), initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) and logK d were studied to evaluate the performance of nuclear and non-nuclear grade anion exchange resins Indion-103 and Indion-870. For iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions under experimental conditions of 35.0°C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 M labeled iodide ion solution, the parameters were 0.223 min−1, 0.300 mmol, 0.067 mmol/min and 18.7, respectively, for Indion-103, and those of 0.165 min−1, 0.251 mmol, 0.041 /min and 16.2, respectively, for Indion-870. The similar tendency was observed during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The results suggest that Indion-103 shows greater performance than Indion-870 resin under similar experimental conditions.

NON DESTRUCTIVE APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVE TRACER TECHNIQUE FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL GRADE ANION EXCHANGE RESINS INDION GS-300 AND INDION-860

The paper deals with the application of radio isotopic non-destructive technique in the characterization of two industrial grade anion exchange resins Indion GS-300 and Indion-860. For the characterization of the two resins, 131I and 82Br were used as tracer isotopes to trace the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. It was observed that the values of specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.328, 0.577, 0.189 and 19.7 respectively for Indion GS-300 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.180, 0.386, 0.070 and 17.0 calculated for Indion-860 resins when measured under identical experimental conditions. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 75.16 % to 78.36 % for Indion GS-300 resins, which was higher than the increases from 49.65 % to 52.36 % compared to that obtained for Indion-860 resins. The overall results indicate that under identical experimental conditions, Indion GS-300 resins show superior performance over Indion-860 resins.

Radiotracers in Study of Anion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-8000 and Duolite A-171

Radiotracers in Study of Anion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-8000 and Duolite A-171 Radioactive tracers 131I and 82Br were used to understand the performance of anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-8000 and Duolite A-171. The ion exchangers were separately brought in equilibrium with labeled I- and Br- ions solutions in the concentrations range of 0.001 to 0.004 mol/L and temperature varying from 30.0 to 45.0°C to study the I- and Br- ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The results show that under similar experimental conditions, the values of specific reaction rate in min-1, amount of ion exchanged in mmol and initial rate of ion exchange in mmol/min were lower for Br- ion-isotopic exchange reaction as compared to that for Iion- isotopic exchange reaction. Also for both the reactions, under similar conditions, the specific reaction rate values rises with rise in concentration of ionic solution, and decreases with rise in temperature.

Non-destructive radiotracer technique in characterisation of nuclear grade anion exchange resins Tulsion A-30 and Dowex 550A LC

The present study deals with the application of non-destructive radio isotopic tracer technique to evaluate the performance of nuclear grade resins Tulsion A-30 and Dowex 550A LC. The evaluation was made by testing the performance of the two resins during iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. It was observed that at a constant temperature of 30°C, as the concentration of labelled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 66.90% to 74.10% for Dowex 550A LC resins and from 60.70% to 67.80% for Tulsion A-30 resins. Similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate superior performance of Dowex 550A LC resins over Tulsion A-30 resins under identical operational conditions of temperature and ionic concentration of external solution.

Ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetics using Duolite ARA-9366B and Indion-AGR resins

Radiotracer isotopic technique as an effective analytical tool was used to study the kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reactions in the nuclear- and nonnuclear-grade anion exchange resins Duolite ARA-9366B and Indion-AGR. On the basis of kinetic data, specific reaction rate (per minute), amount of ion exchanged (millimoles), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (millimoles per minute), and log Kd values were calculated for the two resins. It was observed that under identical experimental conditions of 35.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins, and 0.002 mol/L of labeled iodide ion solution, the values calculated were 0.200 min−1, 0.278 mmol, 0.056 mmol/min, and 9.6, respectively, for Duolite ARA-9366B resin, which were higher than 0.102 min−1, 0.216 mmol, 0.022 mmol/min, and 5.7, respectively, for Indion-AGR resins. An identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate that under identical experimental conditions, Duolite ARA-9366B resins show superior performance than Indion-AGR resins. The results of the present experimental work have demonstrated that the radioanalytical technique used here can be successfully applied for the characterization of different ion exchange resins so as to evaluate their performance under various process parameters.

Non-destructive radioanalytical technique in characterization of anion exchangers Amberlite IRN78 and Indion H-IP

The present study deals with characterization of industrial grade anion exchange resins Amberlite IRN78 and Indion H-IP for which non-destructive radiotracer technique using 131I and 82Br was used. The radioisotopes were used to trace the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions taking place in the two resins. It was observed that under identical experimental conditions of 40.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled iodide ion solution for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction, the values of specific reaction rate (min−1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol min−1) and log K d were 0.285, 0.544, 0.155 and 12.6 respectively for Amberlite IRN78 resin, which was higher than 0.093, 0.315, 0.029 and 4.9 respectively as that obtained by using Indion H-IP resins. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001–0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 68.10 to 74.00 % for Amberlite IRN78 resin, which was higher than the increase of 40.20–42.80 % as observed for Indion H-IP resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate that that under identical experimental conditions Amberlite IRN78 resins shows superior performance over Indion H-IP resins.

Radiotracer Technique in Study of Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454

The present paper demonstrates application of isotopic tracer technique in characterization of anion exchange resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454 for which 131I and 82Br radio isotopes were used. The characterization was made based on iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetic data obtained for the two resins. It was observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 35.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.379, 0.426, 0.161 and 16.2 respectively for Dowex-SBR LC resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.156, 0.243, 0.038 and 13.4 as that obtained by using Indion-454 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The results of present investigation also indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. Based on overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, as compared to Indion-454 resins, Dowex-SBR LC resins show superior performance. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application

Application of Nondestructive Radio Tracer Technique in Performance Evaluation of Anion Exchange Resins Duolite ARA-9366 and Duolite A-171

Radio analytical technique as a non-destructive technique was used in the present investigation to trace the kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reaction taking place in Duolite ARA-9366 (nuclear grade) and Duolite A-171 (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The kinetics data suggest that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions under identical experimental conditions of 40.00C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.176, 0.383, 0.067 and 7.8 respectively for Duolite ARA-9366 resin, which was higher than 0.142, 0.353, 0.050 and 7.0 respectively as that obtained for Duolite A-171 resins. Also it is observed that at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 49.20% to 51.80% for Duolite ARA-9366 resins; and from 45.20% to 47.80% for Duolite A-171 resins. The similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The overall results indicate superior performance of Duolite ARA-9366 resins over Duolite A-171 resins under identical operational parameters.

Radio Analytical Nondestructive Technique in Performance Evaluation of Organic Base Ion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378

Nondestructive radioanalytical technique using short lived isotopes 131I and 82Br was used as tracers to study the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The kinetic data so obtained was used to evaluate the performance of organic base anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 40.0 °C using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.332, 0.582, 0.193 and 16.2 respectively for Purolite NRW-6000 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.210, 0.421, 0.088 and 14.7 as that obtained for Duolite A-378 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 74.68% to 79.48% using Purolite NRW-6000 resins and from 52.30% to 58.90% using Duolite A-378 resins. The overall results indicate superior performance of Purolite NRW-6000 resins over Duolite A-378 resins under identical operational parameters. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application.

Non Destructive Application of Radioactive Tracer Isotopes for Performance Evaluation of Industrial Grade Anion Exchange Resins Tulsion A-33 and Indion NSSR

The present study deals with non-destructive application of radioactive tracer isotopes to evaluate the performance of Tulsion A-33 (nuclear grade) and Indion NSSR (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The performance evaluation was done by carrying out the iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions using the above resins. It was observed that at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 58.0% to 64.0% for Tulsion A-33 resins; and from 48.4% to 50.8% for Indion NSSR resins. Similarly in case of bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction under identical experimental conditions, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged increases from 45.6% to 50.4% for Tulsion A-33 resin; and from 39.8% to 44.6% for Indion NSSR resin. It was also observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction at 40.0 °C, using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled ionic solution, using Tulsion A-33 resin the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.229, 0.469, 0.107 and 10.6 respectively, which was higher than the values of 0.167, 0.375, 0.063 and 7.6 respectively as obtained by using Indion NSSR resins under identical experimental conditions. The overall results indicate superior performance of Tulsion A-33 over Indion NSSR resin under identical operational parameters.