Ion Beam Of Nanosecond Duration Research Articles

Effects of laser pretreatment on the formation of nanostructured carbon on the surface of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride under high-power ion beam irradiation

The features of formation of surface morphology of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (pure and with the addition of the catalyst - ferrocene) under the influence of a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration after the preliminary pulsed laser treatment of the polymer surface have been investigated. It was found that the morphology of the irradiated surface of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride after pulsed laser surface pretreatment differs significantly from the morphology of the irradiated surface of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride after a preliminary stationary heat treatment. For pure chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, pulsed laser pretreatment with increasing power leads to an increase in the porosity of the surface layer after high-power ion beam irradiation, whereas different surface morphologies, including fibers (including polymer fibers) of different diameters, can be obtained for the pre-stationary post-irradiation thermal treatment of this polymer. Pre-stationary thermal pretreatment of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride with the addition of ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) leads to a decrease in the diameter of formed carbon nanofibers (with an increase in the treatment temperature). During the pulsed laser pretreatment, an increase in the porosity of the treated layer and a slight increase in the proportion of nanofibers of larger diameter are observed. To explain the obtained differences for pulsed laser and stationary thermal pretreatment, the effect of polymer heating rate on the features of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride decomposition was analyzed.

Features of the Effect of a High-Power Ion Beam of Nanosecond Duration on Polyethylene Terephthalate

Features of the Effect of a High-Power Ion Beam of Nanosecond Duration on Polyethylene Terephthalate

Features of the Effect of a High-Power Ion Beam of Nanosecond Duration on Polyethylene Terephthalate

Features of the Effect of a High-Power Ion Beam of Nanosecond Duration on Polyethylene Terephthalate

Formation of chemical compounds in the surface layers of titanium under the action of a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration

The features of the change in the chemical state of the surface layers of commercially pure titanium under the action of a high-power ion beam (HPIB) were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It has shown that HPIB irradiation leads to the interaction of titanium with carbon and nitrogen adsorbed on the surface and the formation of chemical compounds. The influence of the number of HPIB irradiation pulses on the formation of oxycarbonitride compounds in the surface layers of titanium has been established. Three possible mechanisms of the formation of titanium oxycarbonitride compounds during HPIB irradiation were considered: the interaction of molten titanium with adsorbed nitrogen and carbon-containing surface contaminants; the interaction of the evaporated titanium with the components of the residual atmosphere of the vacuum chamber, followed by the deposition of the resulting compounds on the surface and carbothermal reduction of the oxidized surface layer of titanium.

Formation of Carbon Nanofibers on the Surface of a Photoresist under the Action of a Powerful Ion Beam of Nanosecond Duration

Formation of Carbon Nanofibers on the Surface of a Photoresist under the Action of a Powerful Ion Beam of Nanosecond Duration

A Study of the Composition and Structure of a Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) Formed on the Surface of Electrode Material Based on SnOx/Sn@MWCNT Nanocomposite

In the process of the performed studies, new information has been obtained about the composition and structure of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed on the surface of electrodes based on the initial composite SnOx@MWCNT (tin oxide/multiwall carbon nanotubes) and the SnOx/Sn@MWCNT composite formed by irradiation using a pulsed ion beam of nanosecond duration. It has been shown that, after long сycling of electrode based on an irradiated composite (SnOx/Sn@MWCNT), the tin concentration remained approximately at the same level. This result indicated high interphase adhesion of the metal–oxide component to the surface of MWCNTs in the irradiated composite. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods, it has been established that the SEI layer formed under these conditions consisted predominantly of lithium carbonate and oxide and organic compounds comprising products of interaction of solvents (ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate) of the electrolyte with the electrode surface. It has been found that the electrode based on the irradiated composite demonstrates the best electrochemical characteristics as a material for the electrodes of lithium-ion batteries.

Formation of Microcrystals on a Surface of Commercial Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride under the Action of a High-Power Ion Beam of Nanosecond Duration

The formation of well-faceted microcrystals on the surface of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) with the addition of ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) under the action of a high-power ion beam (HPIB) was f...

Effect of the Preliminary Heat Treatment of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride on the Formation of Carbon Nanofibers on its Surface under High-Power Ion-Beam Irradiation

The effect of a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration on layers of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride with a catalytic additive (ferrocene), which preliminarily underwent treatment in air or an inert medium in the temperature range 100–400°C, is studied. Heat treatment at 150°C for 1 h is shown to reduce the length of the formed carbon nanofibers by ~20 times. Disk-shaped depressions are observed on the surface of the polymer irradiated after treatment at 200°C due to the removal of a part of the surface layer. These depressions are likely associated with polymer embrittlement during heat treatment. A net-like structure is observed between these depressions. An increase in the treatment temperature to 400°C (in an inert medium) results in the formation of nanofibers with a length not exceeding 0.5 μm. The effect of preliminary heat treatment on the growth of carbon nanofibers and possible mechanisms of their growth under the influence of a high-power ion beam on a chloropolymer containing a catalytic additive is discussed.

Influence of Catalytic Additives on the Formation of Nanostructured Carbon Layers on the Surface of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride under a High-Power Ion Beam

The influence of catalytic additives (various organometallic and inorganometallic compounds) in chlorinated polyvinyl chloride on the formation of carbon nanofibers on its surface under a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration is studied. Ferrocene, which provides the growth of long (up to 10 μm) nanofibers with a narrow diameter distribution and a small number of pores in the underlying polymer layer, seems to be the optimal catalyst for chlorinated polyvinyl chloride. We found that carbon nanofibers grow on the surface of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride containing zinc chloride as a catalytic additive. This fact indicates that there is a new mechanism for the growth of carbon nanofibers on the surface of chloropolymers under high-power radiation conditions.

Fracture of the Surface Layers of Alumina Ceramics under the Action of a High-Power Ion Beam of Nanosecond Duration

The fracture of surface layers of alumina ceramic (polycor) under the action of a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration is investigated. The characteristic features of such fracture are determined. An estimation of the thickness of breakaway fragments of the surface layer of the ceramics gives values in the range from 4 to 12 μm at single high-power ion beam irradiation with a current density of 150 A/cm2. Oxygen depletion in the surface layer of the ceramics is established. The effect of irradiation on the structural-phase state of the ceramics is considered. The possible mechanisms of the observed fracture are discussed.

Synthesis of amorphous carbon nanofibers on a surface of commercial polymers under the action of a high power ion beam of nanosecond duration

The irradiation of various commercial polymers (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate) by a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration has been investigated. The amorphous carbon nanofibers formation was detected on the surface of low-cost commercial polymers (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride) containing a catalyst under the high power ion beam irradiation at room temperature. Various iron compounds (organic and inorganic) were used as catalytic additions. The electron microscopy (scanning and transmission) with an energy dispersive analyzer and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphologies and structure of irradiated polymers. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) had a most probable diameter in the range 50-90 nm and a maximum length of up to 10 μm. The maximum CNFs growth rate was estimated as 160 μm/μs. A possible growth mechanism for CNFs is discussed.

Crack formation in soda-lime glass after high-power ion beam irradiation

AbstractThe fractures of a soda-lime glass surface layer were investigated under irradiation by a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration with different current densities. Two kinds of cracks (perpendicular and approximately parallel irradiated surfaces) have been identified. It is defined that cracks approximately parallel to the surface are localized at a depth of 10 ± 2 µm from the irradiated glass surface after one-time irradiation with a current density of 100 A/cm2. The formation of these cracks was detected within ~170 h after the end of irradiation when irradiated samples were under an air atmosphere. In a vacuum, the growth of these cracks was insignificant. It is shown that irradiation of heated glass or heating of glass started no later than 2–3 min after irradiation can suppress or substantially reduce surface fracture of glass. The possible mechanisms of glass fracture were discussed.

Fracturing of the Surface Layer of Al−Cu Alloy under the Action of a High-Power Ion Beam

The fracturing of Al−Cu alloy surface layers is studied under the action of a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration. Local exfoliation of the surface layer whose thickness is 7‒15 μm is found to occur if the alloy is irradiated once by an ion beam with a current density of 150 A/cm2. Changes in the surface composition of the irradiated alloy are detected with the help of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The alloy sample surface is enriched with copper under all irradiation conditions. Possible mechanisms of the observed fractures are discussed.

Ultrafast catalytic synthesis of carbon nanofibers on a surface of commercial chlorinated polymers under the action of a high power ion beam of nanosecond duration

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been rapidly synthesized on the surface of low-cost commercial chlorinated polymers (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride), which contains iron compounds, under the action of a high power ion beam at room temperature. Organic (Fe(C5H5)2) and inorganic (FeCl3⋅6H2O и Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) iron compounds were used as catalytic additions. SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphologies and structure of irradiated polymers. CNFs had a most probable diameter in the range 50–90 nm and a maximum length of up to 10 μm. The maximum CNFs growth rate was estimated as 160 μm/μs. A possible growth mechanism for CNFs is discussed.

Модифицирование пористого кремния с использованием импульсного ионного пучка наносекундной длительности

Модифицирование пористого кремния с использованием импульсного ионного пучка наносекундной длительности

Изменение электронной структуры ориентированных многослойных углеродных нанотрубок при воздействии импульсного ионного пучка наносекундной длительности

Изменение электронной структуры ориентированных многослойных углеродных нанотрубок при воздействии импульсного ионного пучка наносекундной длительности

Formation of Nanostructured Carbon Layers on the Surface of Chlorinated Polymers under High-Power Ion Beam Irradiation

A comparative study of the effect of a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration on layers of reactive industrial chlorinated polymers (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride) containing a catalytic additive (ferrocene) is carried out. The formation of amorphous carbon nanofiber layers on the surface of chlorinated polymers is revealed. The characteristic diameter and length of nanofibers depends on the type of polymer and irradiation mode and is equal to 30–250 nm and 10 μm, respectively. The growth rate of carbon nanofibers is estimated. Its value might reach ~160 μm/μs. A possible mechanism for carbon nanofiber formation on the surface of chlorinated polymers with the addition of ferrocene under high-power ion beam irradiation is discussed.

Fracture of the surface layers of soda-lime glass under high-power ion beam irradiation

The fracture of the surface layers of soda-lime glass under irradiation with a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration is investigated. Features of the fracture surface morphology and the depth of spall crack localization in glass are defined. The depth was 10 ± 2 μm after one-time irradiation with a current density of 100 A/cm2. With the use of X-ray diffraction analysis the change in the residual tensile stresses in the surface layers of glass after irradiation is evaluated. The possible mechanisms of the observed fractures are discussed.

Formation of tin-tin oxide core–shell nanoparticles in the composite SnO2−x/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes by pulsed ion beam irradiation

The complex methods of transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the changes in the morphology, phase composition, and electronic structure of the composite SnO2−x/nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SnO2−x/N-MWCNTs) irradiated with the pulsed ion beam of nanosecond duration. The irradiation of the composite SnO2−x/N-MWCNTs leads to the formation of nanoparticles with the core–shell structure on the surface of CNTs with a sharp interfacial boundary. It has been established that the “core” is a metal tin (Sn0) with a typical size of 5–35nm, and the “shell” is a thin amorphous layer (2–6nm) consisting of nonstoichiometric tin oxide with a low oxygen content. The “core–shell” structure SnSnOx is formed due to the process of heating and evaporation of SnO2−x under the effect of the ion beam, followed by vapor deposition on the surface of carbon nanotubes.

Influence of copper alloy microheterogeneities on the formation of surface relief under high power ion beam irradiation

Changes in the morphology and surface composition of copper alloys (L63 brass, VB23NTs bronze, and a Cu-Al alloy) containing components with different degrees of volatility, under the action of a high power ion beam of nanosecond duration, are investigated. It is demonstrated that various alloy components affect the formation of surface craters during ion beam irradiation. The probable mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.