Anode Materials In Ion Batteries Research Articles

First‐Principles Calculation of SnSe2 Material as Anode Material of Zinc Ion Battery

ABSTRACTThe development of high‐performance ion battery anode materials is conducive to the rapid development of urban rail transit. Based on first‐principles calculations, this paper studies the potential performance of the recently discovered two‐dimensional material SnSe2 as a negative electrode for zinc ion batteries. By calculating the adsorption energy, the most stable adsorption configuration of Zn was determined. The band gap of intrinsic SnSe2 decreases after strain, which promotes the transition of carriers. The band gap opens after the strain occurs in the Zn adsorbed SnSe2 system (Zn‐SnSe2), which confirms the regulation of strain on the band gap. The lowest diffusion barrier of Zn is 0.083 eV. The theoretical zinc storage capacity is calculated to be 387.550 mAh/g. The calculation results provide theoretical parameters for the application of SnSe2 in ion batteries.

Plasma-Doped Carbon-Based Anode Materials in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Review of Current and Future Prospects

With the increasing demand for energy, finding clean, efficient, and renewable energy storage solutions is a crucial focus in today's world. In this context, potassium-ion batteries have garnered widespread research and attention as an essential solution to address environmental pollution and future energy challenges. This paper focuses on one of the key components of potassium-ion batteries - the anode materials, with a special emphasis on plasma-doped carbon-based anode materials. Initially, the significance of carbon-based anode materials in ion batteries is introduced. Subsequently, a detailed exploration is conducted on the diverse applications of plasma-doped carbon-based anode materials in lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and potassium-ion batteries. These materials demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance, significantly improving the energy density, cycle life, and stability of the batteries. Looking ahead, we will additionally discuss the optimization of synthesis methods, further enhancement of electrochemical properties, and the prospective development of large-scale production techniques. Finally, the study underscores the potential of plasma-doped carbon-based anode materials to emerge as a new trend in the field of future energy storage, making a substantial contribution to advancing sustainable energy storage technologies.

MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs as Binder‐Free Anodes for Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractMnSe and Co0.85Se embedded in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers (MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs) were synthesized by electrospinning and high‐temperature calcination, and evaluated for the first time as sodium/potassium‐ion battery anode material via constant current charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Ex‐situ XRD revealed the potassium storage mechanism of MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs, indicating that its capacity was mainly provided by the conversion reaction. Compared with MnSe/N‐CNFs and Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs, the reversible capacity and cycling performance of MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs were significantly improved due to the synergistic effect of bimetals. The MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs electrode showed a charging capacity of 262.3 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 1 A g−1 in Na‐ion batteries and a discharge capacity of 183.4 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 in K‐ion batteries, The results showed that binder‐free binary metal MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs have a certain development prospect as anode for sodium/potassium‐ion batteries.

First-principles study of the structural and electrochemical properties of NaxTi2O4 (0 ≤x≤ 1) with tunnel structure for anode applications in alkali-ion batteries.

Due to their low cost and easy synthesis method, several kinds of sodium titanates have been explored as anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, some of them have not yet been considered as electrode materials for SIBs, and here we have carried out a first-principles study on NaxTi2O4 compounds with two different tunnel structures, denoted as single and double phases, to demonstrate their structural and electrochemical properties upon Na or Li insertion. Our calculation results reveal that these compounds exhibit structural stability during sodiation/desodiation and a moderate electrode voltage of ∼0.82 V vs. Na+/Na with a specific capacity of ∼150 mA h g-1. In particular, the activation energy of Na+ ion migration in the double phase is estimated to be as low as 0.28 eV, which is the lowest value among the SIB electrodes developed so far, and this can be attributed to the wide tunnel structure. In addition, we verify their potentiality for use as anode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) by exploring their properties upon Li insertion. Since these compounds are predicted to be promising anode materials for SIBs or LIBs by our calculations, we believe that our findings will promote further experimental studies.

The use of Fe3O4/Carbon composite fibers as anode materials in lithium ion batteries

The use of Fe3O4/Carbon composite fibers as anode materials in lithium ion batteries

CVD Synthesis of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes onto Different Catalysts at Low Temperature

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized onto a series of individual and bimetallic catalysts by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of acetylene at low temperature (600[Formula: see text]C). The catalysts were prepared by two methods, i.e., precipitation and sol–gel, with two different carriers – MgO and Al2O3. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis, low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen. The yield of the MWCNTs was calculated in two ways, while the highest yield of 800% was achieved onto the two-component NiO/Co2O3/MgO catalyst, SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results confirm that uniform tube-like structure MWCNTs with the yield of 410% were obtained onto Co2O3/Al2O3 catalyst. These MWCNTs are smooth and pointing in the same direction. Their tube diameter is about 20[Formula: see text]nm, which is the smallest around all observed MWCNTs. Moreover, nonuniform curved bamboo-like MWCNTs with nozzles in the yield of 760% were obtained onto NiO/V2O3/MgO catalyst. Their diameter ranges from 25[Formula: see text]nm to 50[Formula: see text]nm. Results show that single-component catalyst promotes the growth of uniform and smaller nanotubes. Among the as-grown nanotubes, their specific surface area increases and average pores diameter reduces after the treatment with concentrated nitric acid at reflux and washing condition. The largest specific surface area (305[Formula: see text]m2/g) and average pores diameter (26[Formula: see text]m2/g) are processed to MWCNTs grown onto the NiO/Co2O3/MgO catalyst. MWCNTs with such large structural adsorption characteristics and purity of more than 99% obtained with yield 800% show potential use for preparation of nanocomposites as anode materials in lithium ion batteries.

N-type nano-silicon powders with ultra-low electrical resistivity as anode materials in lithium ion batteries

N-type silicon wafers with electrical resistivity of 0.001 Ω cm were ball-milled to powders and part of them was further mechanically crushed by sand-milling to smaller particles of nano-size. Both the sand-milled and ball-milled silicon powders were, respectively, mixed with graphite powder (silicon:graphite = 5:95, weight ratio) as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Electrochemical measurements, including cycle and rate tests, present that anode using sand-milled silicon powder performed much better. The first discharge capacity of sand-milled silicon anode is 549.7 mAh/g and it is still up to 420.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles. Besides, the D50 of sand-milled silicon powder shows ten times smaller in particle size than that of ball-milled silicon powder, and they are 276 nm and 2.6 μm, respectively. In addition, there exist some amorphous silicon components in the sand-milled silicon powder excepting the multi-crystalline silicon, which is very different from the ball-milled silicon powder made up of multi-crystalline silicon only.

Materialographic Preparation of Lithium-Carbon Intercalation Compounds

Abstract The materialographic investigation of anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries is a significant step in the understanding and development of electrode materials, but made dramatically more difficult due to the high reactivity of the materials involved. In this work a method is presented which permits the metallographic preparation of the lithium-carbon intercalation compounds used as anode materials in today's rechargeable lithium ion batteries, and which allows the details of their microstructures to be contrasted. After classic, but absolutely water free, preparation in a protective gas atmosphere, the final stage of preparation is carried out using both ion beam polishing and manual polishing on a stationary polishing disc, whereby no significant differences of the quality of the microstructural images obtained is apparent.

Facile one-pot synthesis of self-assembled 3-D flower-like SnO2 architectures and their electrochemical properties

In this work, self-assembled 3-D flower-like SnO2 architectures have been successfully synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of flower-like SnO2 architectures were investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of self-assembled 3-D flower-like SnO2 architectures was measured by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As anode materials in lithium ion batteries, the results show that the obtained SnO2 architectures exhibit high lithium storage.

First-Principles Investigation of Adsorption and Diffusion of Ions on Pristine, Defective and B-doped Graphene.

We performed first-principles calculations to reveal the possibility of applying pristine, defective, and B-doped graphene in feasible negative electrode materials of ion batteries. It is found that the barriers for ions are too high to diffuse through the original graphene, however the reduced barriers are obtained by introducing defects (single vacancy, double vacancy, Stone–Wales defect) in the graphene. Among the three types of defects, the systems with a double vacancy could provide the lowest barriers of 1.49 and 6.08 eV for Li and Na, respectively. Furthermore, for all kinds of B-doped graphene with the vacancy, the systems with a double vacancy could also provide the lowest adsorption energies and diffusion barriers. Therefore, undoped and B-doped graphene with a double vacancy turn out to be the most promising candidates that can replace pristine graphene for anode materials in ion batteries.

Excellent Cycle Stability of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene as Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

Fe 3 O 4–graphene nanocomposites were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. Ultrafine Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were evenly anchored on graphene substrates. As anode material for Li -ion batteries (LIB), the nanocomposite showed high initial discharge and charge capacities of 1456mAhg-1 and 739.9mAhg-1 at high current density of 500mAg-1. Additionally, the charge capacity was also retained at 698.3mAhg-1 after 200 cycles, thereby indicating excellent cycling stability. The results suggested that the as-prepared Fe 3 O 4–graphene nanocomposite is a promising candidate for practical application as a Li -ion battery anode material.

Synthesis and Application of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites

Lithium ion batteries have been considered as the most effective and practical technologies for electrochemical energy storage. To meet the demand for lithium ion batteries with high energy density and excellent cycle performance, numerous efforts have been devoted to the development of new electrode materials. Electrochemically active metal oxides have emerged as the most promising candidates for the anode materials in the next generation lithium ion batteries duo to their high theoretical capacities and natural abundance. However, the extremely high volume change induced by the alloying reaction with lithium in the bottleneck for the commercialization of these materials. To overcome these obstacles, carbonaceous materials are commonly introduced as matrices to absorb the volume changes and improve the structural stability of the electrode materials. Hence, the present article describes the synthetic pathway of carbon-coated nanomaterials and applications.

Core-shell Ni0.5TiOPO4/C composites as anode materials in Li ion batteries

Core-shell Ni_0.5TiOPO₄/C composites as anode materials in Li ion batteries