Involvement In Entrepreneurial Activity Research Articles

Analysis of the Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Family Environment

Issues of entrepreneurial intentions often center on challenges related to the self-efficacy of entrepreneurs and the support provided by the family environment for entrepreneurship education among university students. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education, family environment, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students at private universities in Surabaya. An inferential research design was used in this study. Because the data was obtained at one point in time, this research is cross-sectional. The scientific study was conducted on a sample of undergraduate students from private higher education institutions in Surabaya. These participants were selected due to their involvement in entrepreneurial activities. In this study, 377 students agreed to participate and completed the questionnaire. Entrepreneurship education and the family environment have a strong beneficial impact on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial ambition. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is able to influence entrepreneurial intention in a favorable and substantial way. This research examined the impact of entrepreneurship education and family environment on entrepreneurial intention but did not look at entrepreneurial behavior, particularly how people start new businesses. As a result of the findings of this study, future research will provide a conceptual framework for evaluating entrepreneurship education providers across the board. This research intends to use a mixture of environmental and internal characteristics to assess entrepreneurial propensity.

Statuto soggettivo e intermediazione gestoria: alcune riflessioni su D. 14.1.1.16 e D. 14.3.7.1

Abstract - The work examines the involvement in entrepreneurial activity, especially maritime, of alieni iuris and females. In the context of the broad theme relating to the relationships between man, land and sea (on which some preliminary reflections are carried out), the various roles relating to the administration of the ship (exercitor and magister navis) and the possibility of their entrustment to people other than pater familias are briefly reconstructed. A comparison follows between the text contained in D. 14.1.1.16, relating to the actio exercitoria, and the analogous affirmation reported in D. 14.3.7.1 on the actio institoria, from which the irrelevance results of sex and of subjection to potestas, on one side of the exercitor, on the other of the institor. In the light of these sources, the intermediation of filii familias, slaves, women sui iuris and in power, as well as subjects of minor age, is taken into consideration, with a distinction between impuberes and adulescentes.

A Survey of Entrepreneurship Education and Its Effect on Students' Involvement in Business in School and after School

This study was undertaken to assess the extent to which the introduction of entrepreneurship education (EEd) has helped in building entrepreneurs in school and after school following the introduction of the course into Nigerian educational system more than a decade ago. The assessment was measured based on students’ involvement in entrepreneurial activities while in school and their involvement in different business activities after school. Therefore, the entrepreneurs were selected purposively considering graduates entrepreneurs from The Federal Polytechnic Offa between 2010 - 2021 who resides in Offa, from the Federal polytechnic area/ Abuja area to Olofa way area. Questionnaire was used to gather data in which 240 questionnaires were administered to the entrepreneurs, out of which 219 were successfully returned. The questionnaire returned were made up of 74 Full-Time (FT) National Diploma (ND) graduates representing 34%, 76 Part-Time (PT) ND graduate representing 35% and 69 Higher National Diploma (HND) graduates representing 32%. After collection of data which was presented in pie charts, the Z-test about proportion and binary logistic regression model were used in analyzing the data. The result of the analysis revealed that, the proportion of graduates’ involvement in business activities and changing mindset to business activities due to entrepreneurship education does not significantly varies between graduates that were involved in business while in school and graduates that were involved in business after school. A similar finding in changing mindset to do business while in school also revealed that proportions of graduated students that are participating in business activities after school and graduated students that participated in business activities while in school, that EEd in school has influenced in changing their mindset to do business are significantly the same. Also, discovered is that academic performance in EEd does not significantly determine a student involvement in business activities while in school or after school. Based on the findings, the stakeholders are advised to improve on the course content of EEd in tertiary institution for more participation and encourage those with a small- scale business venture.

SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A FORM OF SOCIAL WORK FOR THE SOCIAL COHESION OF SOCIETY

Social entrepreneurship serves as one of the social techniques for the social cohesion of disadvantaged and marginalised groups in society, and therefore can be used as a practical method in the field of social work. Social entrepreneurship provides an operational platform for the renewal of people’s self-dependence skills, by learning to do things together, which is a relevant motivational aspect for socially marginalised people in solving their social and personal problems. Thus, the social cohesion of disadvantaged and marginalised groups of society by being involved in social entrepreneurial activities, and thus being placed in the sphere of the productive economy at the level of the community, contributes to the development of the local community, giving citizens the socially active status of being active protagonists in their destiny and their local community. However, the renewal of a person’s social functioning, achieved by involvement in social entrepreneurial activities, covers a person’s life holistically, starting with the person’s inner processes that lead to forming external social relationships. Therefore, the analysis of this process in the article involves taking an anthropological perspective on activating people’s inner resources and human potential in the activities of social enterprises, which also shows the dimension of social entrepreneurship as a tool for personal development. The aim of the article is to explore the phenomenon and practice of social entrepreneurship in the context of social work, where social entrepreneurship can be used as an innovative approach as a tool for the development of the community, and for the transformation on a personal level of practitioners and people involved in entrepreneurial activities.

Economic empowerment of rural women through food processing

Rural women can play a significant role by their effectual and competent involvement in entrepreneurial activities. They have basic indigenous knowledge, skill and potential and resources to establish and manage enterprise. Income generating activities are effective instrument of social and economic development to generate employment for a number of farm women within their own social system and best tool for rural women as it adds to the family income. Women are backbone of any nation. Prosperity of the nation depends upon the prosperity of its women. Entrepreneurship is one of the ways for empowerment of women especially in rural areas and hence, promotion of women entrepreneurs is focused highly by the Government. Te food processing is one of the efforts initiated to promote value addition of fruits and vegetables especially for the unemployed, both men and women of the state. It focuses on need based short term skill training where participants learn from hands on training/ practices. The present study was undertaken to find out usefulness of fruits and vegetables preservation, milk and milk products training programme organized under rural youth training for self employment by the rural women. The study was conducted in Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The sample consisted of 20 women participants each training programmes. The data was collected through personal interview technique using interview schedule. Frequency and percentage were calculated for analyzing the data. The results indicated that the fruits and vegetables preservation training perceived as good and increased their knowledge, skill and efficiency about fruits and vegetables preservation.

The Occupation Of Small Business And Entrepreneurship By Women In Uzbekistan

The article analyzes the socio-political situation of women living in Uzbekistan, in particular, the decisions and decrees of the government on the creation of permanent jobs for women, as well as the development of family business, small business, home-based work, handicrafts, and horticulture. Statistics are provided on the organization of women's labor and their involvement in small business and entrepreneurship. The Action Strategy for the Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan analyzes the work being done on such important tasks as “Increasing the socio-political activity of women, strengthening their role in government and society, ensuring the employment of women, graduates of professional colleges, their broad involvement in entrepreneurial activities, further strengthening the family base”. It is noted that women engaged in entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan are under the personal attention of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The increase in the share of women employed in the economy is an example of their well-being, that the ranks of women entrepreneurs are growing, opening women's manufacturing enterprises, especially in various areas of women's entrepreneurship, the issue of creating new jobs for women has been pointed out on a scientific basis.

Effects of Socio-Economic Factors on Entrepreneurship Activities in Cape Coast, Ghana

Entrepreneurship involves the creation of jobs and wealth in the economy, normally through a small business management. There may be problems in performing these functions by entrepreneurs, because of certain factors, which affect their involvement in entrepreneurial activities. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of socio-economic factors on entrepreneurial activities in Cape Coast, Ghana. A simple random sampling method is used to select 181 entrepreneurs from Cape Coast for the study. The Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square version 2.0 is used for the analysis. The finding reveals that inflation, high tax rate, religion, and life style of the entrepreneurs significantly influence their entrepreneurial activities and performance. The study concludes that for a successful entrepreneurship performance to be achieved, there is a need for good socio-cultural conditions and sound economic policies to be put in place. The study recommends that the government should reduce the interest rate to make borrowing flexible to entrepreneurs and a lower tax regime should be commenced to encourage low-level income earners to have access to funding for entrepreneurship activities in Cape Coast, Ghana.

Relevance of Innovation on Survival of Women-owned Business in Nigeria

The paradigm shift of women involvement in entrepreneurial activities in developing countries has been a source of concern to organizational psychologies and researchers. Women owned businesses form a larger percentage of small businesses in Nigeria in recent times but the continuity and survival of such enterprises posed serious challenge. Most women owned businesses hardly survive beyond few years of incorporation. Thus, this paper examined the influence of innovation on the survival of women owned businesses. Specific objectives are to; determine the effect of product/service innovation on the market share; and examine the effect of process innovation on business reputation. A survey research design was adopted. Multi-stage sampling was employed in deriving the sample size. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the women business owners in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data and it was found that; product/services innovation has effect on the market share with R2 value of 0.541 and process innovation influences business reputation with R2 value of 0.517. Hence, it was concluded that innovative behaviour has significant effect on the survival of women owned business since all of the variables used in the study are statistically significant. It was therefore recommended among others that innovative behaviour is required by entrepreneurs so has to be able to adapt, grow and survive in their dynamic business environment.

Peculiarities of manifestation of innovation potential among young people of Russia and Kazakhstan

The subject of this research is the innovation potential and psychological resistance of young people with various degree of involvement in entrepreneurial activity. The authors provide the results of study focused on determination intergroup discrepancies of indicated phenomenon in different sampling frame (from Russia and Kazakhstan). The article also presents the results of worth with high school students, who make first tryouts in entrepreneurship and view this activity as their future profession. Special attention is paid to the form in which the work was conducted: a business game on the basis of Business Forum for youth. The following methods were applied in the course of research:  G. Hofstede’s value assessment technique; R. Inglehart’s modified value survey; E. Y. Mandrikova’s self-organization of activity questionnaire; D. A. Leontiev’s “Differential Test of Reflection”; E. Diener’s satisfaction with life scale; S. Maddy’s viability test; D. McLain’s Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance (MSTAT-I); K. M. Sheldon’s/J. C. Hilpert’s BMPN (balanced measure of psychological needs) method; D. Jackson’s PDF (personality research form) method; R. McCrae’s/P.Costa’s “Openness” scale B5; N. M. Lebedeva’s/A. N. Tatarko’s Scale of self-esteem of innovation personality traits. The conclusion is made that the participants from Karaganda (Kazakhstan) have higher innovation potential and level of psychological resistance that the high school students from Tomsk Region of Russia. The young people from Kazakhstan are more motivated towards development and have conscious perception of the choice of their professional activity. The participants from Russia also show preparedness for development, but certain deficits that may serve as a barrier were determined: reduced interest to own activity, low level of orientation towards environment.

Институты, предпринимательство и региональное развитие в России

The role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Russian economy remains modest and declined in 2019 In 2020, due to the crisis and anti-covid-19 measures, the share of SMEs in GDP and employment will significantly decrease Why is this happening, and is it worth supporting a seemingly insignificant sphere of the economy? The article describes the factors and patterns of entrepreneurship development in Russia and their relations with the regional development The development of SMEs is negatively affected by uncertainty of the economic situation and decline in demand High investment risks and a low level of trust narrow the possibilities for productive and opportunity entrepreneurship development As a result, the share of informal employment and necessity entrepreneurship is high and will grow in Russia, especially in the least developed regions Although in the pre-crisis years, there was a tendency toward an improvement in formal institutions, an increase in the availability of financing, but not in all regions Informal institutions and norms change more slowly, they determine low involvement in entrepreneurial activity A crisis can lead to a reduction in the number of entrepreneurs, which will have a negative long-term effect on sustainable regional development The sectoral structure of the SME has diversified, and the share of internet services has grown These processes because of forced digitalization during the epidemic may accelerate, especially in large agglomerations Direct state support previously had little effect on the SME development due to the lack of awareness and distrust, small scale, so there is doubt that it will be able to radically change the situation in the current period If the crisis and anti-epidemic measures continue in the summer, the worst negative consequences should be expected in the southern regions, where more than 50% are employed in the entrepreneurial sector, but entrepreneurial ecosystems and digitalization are poorly developed Our calculations show a potential reduction in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises by 50-60%, which could lead to a decrease in gross regional product by an average of 3-10% Роль малого и среднего предпринимательства (МСП) в экономике России остается скромной и снижалась в 2019 г В 2020 г в связи с кризисными явлениями и мерами по борьбе с эпидемией covid-19 доля МСП в ВВП и занятости существенно сократится Почему так происходит, и стоит ли поддерживать незначимую на первый взгляд сферу экономики? В статье описаны факторы и закономерности развития предпринимательства в России в их взаимосвязи с развитием регионов На развитие МСП негативно влияет неопределенность экономической ситуации и сокращение спроса Высокие инвестиционные риски и низкий уровень доверия сужают возможности развития наиболее значимой части предпринимательства - производительного и добровольного В результате в России высока и вырастет доля неформальной занятости и вынужденного предпринимательства, особенно в наименее развитых регионах Хотя в предкризисные годы наблюдались тенденции улучшения формальных институтов, повышение доступности финансирования, но далеко не во всех регионах Неформальные институты и нормы изменяются медленнее, а именно они определяют низкую вовлеченность в предпринимательскую деятельность Кризис может привести к сокращению и так малого числа предпринимателей, что окажет негативный долгосрочный эффект на устойчивое региональное развитие Отраслевая структура сектора МСП диверсифицировалась, росла доля интернет-сервисов и наукоемких услуг Эти процессы в результате вынужденной цифровизации во время эпидемии могут ускориться, особенно в крупных агломерациях Прямая государственная поддержка ранее слабо влияла на развитие сектора МСП из-за неосведомленности и недоверия предпринимателей, малых масштабов, поэтому есть сомнения, что она сможет кардинально изменить ситуацию в текущий период Если кризис и противоэпидемические мероприятия продолжатся и летом, то наибольшие негативные последствия следует ожидать в южных регионах, где более 50% заняты в предпринимательском секторе, но слабо развиты предпринимательские экосистемы и низкий уровень цифровизации Наши расчеты показывают потенциальное сокращение числа малых и средних предприятий на 50-60%, что может привести к снижению валового регионального продукта в среднем на 3-10%

Sociocultural issues contributing to poor youth involvement in entrepreneurial activities in South Africa : a prospect of young graduates in Thohoyandou

Sociocultural issues contributing to poor youth involvement in entrepreneurial activities in South Africa : a prospect of young graduates in Thohoyandou

Influencing Youth Involvement in Entrepreneurship: Implications for Policy Makers in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Entrepreneurship plays a critical role in developing and fostering a robust socio-economic culture in any economy. Robust entrepreneurial initiatives are considered as the source of fresh blood for any economy. Healthy entrepreneurial activities result in creating more employment opportunities, better working prospects and societal development. Today, economies that are striving to become highly developed and economically stable are striving to enable their employees to become more entrepreneurial. Importantly, studies have outlined that there is a dire need for nations to understand the vital role youth can play in this regard. Since young individuals are more eager to grow, willing to take the risk and go for the high mark to become their own bosses, there are higher chances that they can become more successful entrepreneurs. Notably, youth entrepreneurship is of utmost importance for both national as well as international economic wellbeing. Keeping these arguments beforehand, this paper has attempted to critically underline factors that could help policy makers to boost youth involvement in entrepreneurial activities in Bahrain.

The Relationship between Intention and Actual Entrepreneurial as a Career Choice of Malaysian Graduate

Entrepreneurship has been recognized as a catalyst for the economic growth of a nation and is becoming an important field in Malaysia. Graduates’ involvement in entrepreneurial activities is encouraged and the Malaysian government has invested millions of Ringgit in support of this agenda to increase the intention of students to be entrepreneur. However, the statistics showed that, as of 2013, only 1.7 percent of graduates were self-employed, compared to the 5 percent aspired by the government. It is therefore imperative to study the relationship between the intention and actual choice to be graduate entrepreneur. Data analysis using logistics model were carried out with a sample of 2,300 graduates (including those pursuing entrepreneur degrees). Results indicate a significant positive relationship between the graduates’ intention to become entrepreneurs and their actual choice of being entrepreneurs. However, some of the intentions are not translated into actual choice. In choosing to become an entrepreneur, having the intention alone may not be enough but it is an important prerequisite. The graduate’s actual choice to be entrepreneur is triggered by intention. Although there is a probability for intention to not being translated into actual choice, entrepreneurial intention is required to ensure the actual choice of becoming an entrepreneur. In other words, in choosing to become an entrepreneur, having the intention alone may not be enough but it is definitely an important prerequisite.

Entrepreneurship based empowerment among fisherwomen self help groups of Kerala

The present study was conducted to analyse the extent of empowerment achieved by fisherwomen through participation in the entrepreneurial activities of self help groups (SHGs) functioning in the fisheries sector. Data were collected from 180 SHG members in the Kollam, Ernakulam and Kasargod districts of Kerala. Aquaculture (55.5%) and value addition of fish (45.5%) were the entrepreneurial activities adopted by fisherwomen SHGs. Empowerment level of each SHG member was quantified by modifying the existing empowerment dimensions into an Empowerment Index (EI), consisting of 8 sub-dimensions. Extent of empowerment was found out by taking the difference of empowerment index before and after joining the SHG. Among the eight empowerment dimensions, higher difference was observed in confidence building (0.43) followed by economic empowerment (0.42) and decision making pattern (0.41). The study revealed that the levelof involvement in entrepreneurial activity has increased the empowerment in terms of confidence building, self-esteem, decision making pattern, psychological and economic empowerment. However, the existing fisheries extension interventions through extension contact and training were found to be associated with only self esteem and psychological empowerment.Therefore, new and innovative extension interventions are suggested in the paper to influence other sub-dimensions like economic empowerment, confidence building and decision making pattern.

Understanding Student Entrepreneurs: Doers, Procrastinators, Dreamers, and Abstainers

Entrepreneurship as one of the potential career paths is an actual phenomenon among university students all around the world. However, as shown by recent GUESSS (Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey) findings, the action‑intention patterns are rather varied. While a bunch of students already start their businesses (= “doers“), few of them declare their intention to start‑up after completing their studies (= “procrastinators“), and even greater share of student population indicate a postponed intention to start a business in the mid‑range future (= “dreamers“). Of course, a considerable proportion of students exhibit no inclination towards entrepreneurial career path (= “abstainers”). The aim of this exploratory study is to analyse differences between actual, would‑be and „perhaps sometimes later“ entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurial abstainers, among European university students. To do so, we utilize the 2016 GUESSS project individual‑level data from 25 European countries (n = 68,828), search for similarities and differences between the above‑mentioned groups of university students, and analyse robustness of our findings by investigating for drivers of individual involvement in entrepreneurial activity. Our study contributes to the body of knowledge on this under‑researched perspective on youth and student entrepreneurship.

Undergraduates’ Involvement in Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Attitude to Academic Work: Implications for Counselling

AbstractThis study examines how undergraduates’ involvement in entrepreneurial opportunities and co-curricular activities affects their attitudes to academic work, and the place of counselling in resolving the conflict of interest experienced among the students. Many undergraduate students dabble into entrepreneurial activities without considering their impacts on their academic work. A lot of undergraduates have exchanged their academic work for business, and this has jeopardized their academic integrity. One hundred undergraduate students were sampled from Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko using a questionnaire titled ‘Entrepreneurial Questionnaire’. Descriptive sample technique was used, and the data was analysed using chi square analysis. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The four hypotheses tested were rejected. The results imply that there is significant relationship between undergraduates’ involvement in entrepreneurial activities attitude to academic work. There is significant relationship between involvement of male and female in entrepreneurial activities. Co-curricular and entrepreneurial activities were significantly related. Counselling strategies were recommended to help undergraduates to understand the fact that academic integrity is an important University value, and also that undergraduates can involve in entrepreneurial activities during vacation period to avoid conflict of interest with their academic work.

Effects of Socio-Economic Factors on Entrepreneurship Activities in Cape Coast, Ghana

Entrepreneurship involves the creation of jobs and wealth in the economy, normally through a small business management. There may be problems in performing these functions by entrepreneurs, because of certain factors, which affect their involvement in entrepreneurial activities. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of socio-economic factors on entrepreneurial activities in Cape Coast, Ghana. A simple random sampling method is used to select 181 entrepreneurs from Cape Coast for the study. The Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square version 2.0 is used for the analysis. The finding reveals that inflation, high tax rate, religion, and life style of the entrepreneurs significantly influence their entrepreneurial activities and performance. The study concludes that for a successful entrepreneurship performance to be achieved, there is a need for good socio-cultural conditions and sound economic policies to be put in place. The study recommends that the government should reduce the interest rate to make borrowing flexible to entrepreneurs and a lower tax regime should be commenced to encourage low-level income earners to have access to funding for entrepreneurship activities in Cape Coast, Ghana.

Analyzing the Determinants of Entrepreneurial Activity Level in Urban Micro Enterprises in Sri Lanka

Micro entrepreneurship’s potential as a main source of inclusive growth in developing countries is well acknowledged and therefore it emerges as a key agenda item for economic policy makers. The success of the enterprises is not only dependent on the entrepreneur’s ability but also on the other factors. Therefore, investigating the determinants of entrepreneurship activity level such as socio-demographic, economic, cultural environment and personality characteristics of the people are essential ingredients for formulating suitable policies for enterprise development. Hence the main objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of urban micro entrepreneurship activity level in Sri Lanka. Data were drawn from a sample of 300 micro entrepreneurs chosen under stratified random sampling method. The determinants of probability of being in different categories of informal micro entrepreneurs within the entrepreneurial process were examined on the conceptual basis of Eclectic framework decomposing the entrepreneurial process into three phases: nascent, young and old business owners utilizing multinomial logistic model. It was found that education is positively significant for all three levels of entrepreneurship and it is the most prominent which increasingly effects on the odds of being nascent entrepreneur. Young entrepreneur is more significantly negatively affected by administrative related issues and complexities, lack of financial support; internal locus of control rather than nascent entrepreneurs while availability of necessary infrastructure seems to encourage an active involvement in entrepreneurial activity at the nascent phase more significantly. This study suggests multipronged approach to assist micro entrepreneurs specifically providing easy access to credit, intensive follow-up trainings to overcome the issues related to knowledge, skills and attitudes, minimize disturbing factors like administrative issues (licenses, approvals, infrastructure providence etc.), and poverty reliefs to improve effective dynamic entrepreneurship and lessen hurdles on entrepreneurial activity and thereby economic growth.

Drivers of Women Entrepreneurship in Visegrad Countries: GEM Evidence

The aim of our paper is to investigate for drivers of women involvement in entrepreneurial activities in Visegrad countries (i.e. Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland). We employ Global Entrepreneurship Monitor individual level data for three consecutive years 2011–2013 (altogether 12 892 respondents), execute logistic regression analysis and look for the factors related to following the entrepreneurial path among women in our region, while distinguishing between opportunity- and necessity-driven efforts. We have identified the most important factors from among individual characteristics as well as perception of societal attitudes towards entrepreneurship that act as women entrepreneurship drivers.

Rural Youth, Agriculture, And Entrepreneurship: A Case-Study of Hungarian and Romanian Young Villagers

Abstract This paper analyses the involvement of Romanian and Hungarian young villagers in the local agriculture and entrepreneurial activities. The first part provides an outlook on the historical evolution and the current situation of agriculture and rural development in Romania and Hungary from the perspective of theoretical positions formulated within economics and the sociology of entrepreneurship as well as rural sociology. The second part discusses the results of a cross-border research and social intervention project conducted in the period of 2012-2013 in ten rural localities from the shared Hungarian–Romanian border region. The questionnaire included questions regarding rural youth integration in the labour market, agriculture, and involvement in entrepreneurial activities as well as social and religious participation. The research has found significant differences between Romanian and Hungarian young villagers with respect to the examined questions.