Involvement In Criminal Activities Research Articles

Unveiling Complexity: Factors Influencing Women’s Involvement in Crime

This research explores various elements that impact and shape women’s the participation of women in criminal activities. Despite the traditional perception that it is men who mainly commit crimes, in recent years, the active role of women in various legal acts has been increasingly recognized. This paper aims to unfold the complex web of influences that shape women’s pathways to criminal behavior, focusing on both individual and social factors. The study focuses on examining socio-economic factors that have a central influence on women’s involvement in crime. Economic inequalities, limited job opportunities and financial struggles often push women into illegal activities to survive or strengthen their economic influences. Additionally, the paper focusses on the effects of educational background, employment status, and income level on women’s susceptibility to criminal temptations, emphasizing the relationship between economic stability and criminal involvement. Moving towards economic dimensions, this study also examines the psychological factors that contribute to women’s participation in crime. Psychological vulnerabilities resulting from trauma, abuse, mental health disorders and substance abuse create pathways to crime. The research paper also examines the impact of adverse childhood experiences, mental health challenges, and criminal trajectories, shedding light on the co-relation between psychological well-being and criminal propensities. Further, familial and social influences are explored to unfold their role in shaping women’s criminal trajectories. Family dysfunction, exposure to criminal role models, and peer pressure can significantly influence an individual’s likelihood of being engaged in criminal activities. This study explores the complexities of family structures, social networks and community environments and highlights their profound influence on the development of women’s perceptions, choices and behaviors related to crime. Moreover, this study also analyzes legal and systematic factors and emphasizes how institutional biases, discriminatory practices and inadequate support systems influence women’s involvement in crime. The paper critically assesses the role of criminal justice systems, law enforcement practices, and access to legal resources in preventing or promoting women’s criminal behavior. Through a combined analysis of these various factors affecting women’s criminality, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that affect the women’s involvement in criminal activities. By elucidating these complex factors, policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders, can develop more targeted interventions, support systems and policies that address the root causes women’s criminal behavior and reduce the risks associated with their involvement in crime.

Exploring the prevalence of internet crimes among undergraduate students in a Nigerian University: A case study of the university of Ilorin

Internet crime, also known as cybercrime, encompasses various illicit activities conducted through computer system and online platforms. It is a global menace that has become a pervasive issue in our contemporary society. This study delves into exploring the prevalence of internet crime among undergraduate students at the University of Ilorin with the view to examine the level of involvement of undergraduate students, identify the underlying factors, the perceived consequences, and potential control measures associated with undergraduates' involvement in internet crime. The study engaged a sample size of 400 undergraduate students, employing a stratified sample technique for comprehensive data collection using a structured questionnaire. The research revealed that the participants acknowledged the prominence of internet crime within their peer group. It uncovered the multifaceted factors contributing to the prevalence of internet crimes. The respondents acknowledged the perceived consequences of undergraduates' involvement in internet crime, encompassing financial mismanagement, expulsion from educational institutions, societal stigma, loss of personal integrity, legal consequences, and limited access to future opportunities. To mitigate this growing concern, respondents recommended various control and combative measures. These encompass the implementation of stringent rules within educational institutions, effective monitoring of students' financial activities, awareness campaigns against internet crime, provision of employment opportunities, engaging experts to address the issue, banning tools facilitating internet crime, and organizing training workshops to enhance legitimate ICT skills and wealth generation. This study sheds light on the pressing need for proactive interventions to curb internet crime among undergraduate students, emphasizing education, awareness, and policy implementation to foster a safer online environment and deter involvement in criminal activities.

Immigration and Crime: An International Perspective

The association between immigration and crime has long been a subject of debate, and only recently have we encountered systematic empirical evidence on this issue. Data shows that immigrants, often younger, male, and less educated compared to natives, are disproportionately represented among offenders in numerous host countries. However, existing research, inclusive of our analysis of new international data, consistently indicates that immigration does not significantly impact local crime rates in these countries. Furthermore, recent studies underscore that obtaining legal status diminishes immigrants’ involvement in criminal activities. Finally, we discuss potential explanations for the apparent incongruity between immigrants’ overrepresentation among offenders and the null effect of immigration on crime rates.

Analysis of Psychopathological Communities Underlying Crime Rates and Mental Disorders

This study employs literature review and conceptual analysis as its research methods, extensively examining the literature on crime rates, mental illnesses, and pathological psychosocial communities to delve into their intricate relationships. By applying the method of conceptual analysis, the study looks at how criminal behavior and mental health are related, taking into account the influence of social and environmental factors. This study's key concerns are crime rates and mental diseases, which have consistently garnered attention within the domain of public safety. There has been an increase in recent years in societal enthusiasm for the connection between these two factors and their potential to foster the formation of pathological psychosocial communities. This trend not only motivates this study but also emphasizes the urgency of delving deeper into this complex subject. By employing literature review and conceptual analysis, this research lays a comprehensive foundation for exploring the relationships between crime rates, mental illnesses, and pathological psychosocial communities, thus enhancing our understanding of this critical issue. This article aims to delve into the intricate relationship between crime rates and psychological disorders, with a focus on the mechanisms leading to the formation of pathological psychological communities. It reveals that psychological disorders may increase the risk of involvement in criminal activities, while criminal behavior can exacerbate mental health issues.

The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Crime and its Mechanism

In recent times, there has been a concerning upward trend in crime rates, with a noticeable decrease in the age of individuals involved in criminal activities. In response to this pressing issue, this research endeavors to delve into the root causes of criminal behavior. Specifically, our investigation centers on childhood traumatic events as potential catalysts for subsequent criminal conduct. The goal of this study is to scrutinize the causal link between childhood trauma and criminal behavior, drawing insights from the analysis of findings gathered from ten seasoned professionals. Furthermore, our research seeks to shed light on the intricate relationship between childhood trauma and criminal conduct. Individuals who have undergone childhood trauma may exhibit a propensity to mimic and internalize violent behaviors witnessed during their formative years, which may ultimately contribute to their involvement in criminal activities later in life. Additionally, it is imperative to recognize that childhood trauma can precipitate the development of psychological or mental disorders, potentially acting as a catalyst for criminal acts. A comprehensive comprehension of the intricate interplay between childhood trauma and criminal behavior, along with its underlying mechanisms, holds significant promise in equipping society with effective tools to address the alarming surge in crime rates.

Environment of Crimes at Community Level A Facilitator to Juvenile Militancy in District Swat

This research paper focuses on investigating the relationship between the overall crime environment and juvenile engagement in militant activities. The study involved interviews with all 83 juveniles who had been released from the Mishal Institute for the Rehabilitation of Juvenile Militants, employing a three-level Likert scale for data collection. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test to assess the correlation between various factors under consideration. The findings revealed a significant association between juvenile militancy and several key variables, including residing in rural areas, local community members' involvement in criminal activities, family members' participation in criminal acts, challenges in adapting to the community environment, recurrent government force raids, detentions of community members by security forces, encouragement of criminal behavior by locals, severe penalties imposed on community members, training of children to break the law, and the influence of friends involved in criminal activities. Based on these insights, the study recommends several strategies to address and mitigate violent crimes among juveniles. These strategies encompass raising awareness in communities, revitalizing the family institution to ensure proper child upbringing, resolving disputes effectively, and implementing socio-economic interventions to address economic disparities. These measures collectively contribute to the prevention and control of juvenile engagement in militant activities, fostering a safer and more harmonious society.

Common Mental Health Problems for Students

The components of mental health include intellectual, personal and sociological well-being. It has an impact on our frame of mind, emotions, and working. Mental health can have an effect on daily life, communal connections, and physical wellness. Mental health is salient at every phase of life, from infancy, youth to adulthood. We’ll discuss the problems with mental health that college students encounter in this study. The results of my study indicate that public policy issues need to be addressed in order to enhance college students' mental health. Mental ailment that is untreated my research's conclusions suggest that public policy should be addressed in order to improve the mental health of college students. Untreated mental health issues have a negative effect on the local economy, safety, employment, poverty, and homelessness. Untreated illnesses among students result in academic failure, delinquency, and involvement in criminal activity. Therefore, failing to address mental health has negative effects on society as a whole. Despite all of this, there has been a woefully insufficient reaction to this problem in terms of money and political will. Only a small part of the money spent on other illnesses on mental health is allocated by the government and through development aid.

Criminal Liability Towards Corporations Acting As Narcotics Traffickers In Indonesia

Corporate crime is often referred to as a crime committed by a legal entity or organization. Corporate involvement in criminal activity can enable criminal access to methods of production, storage, distribution, or trading. In the context of narcotics crime, corporations could play a significant role in the trafficking of narcotics through a variety of modus operandi including production, distribution, and sales to the general public. Therefore, corporation as a legal subject can be held accountable. This study uses a statutory approach and is normative (doctrinal). It solely employs secondary data and is processed qualitatively to describe facts, documents, information, and other data related to criminal liability for corporations as perpetrators of narcotics trafficking in Indonesia. The embodiment of criminal liability towards corporations as perpetrators of narcotics trafficking is regulated in several provisions, including Article 130 of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics as well as Articles 60 to 64 and Article 70 of Law No. 5 of 1997 concerning Psychotropics. The crime of narcotics distribution through corporation involves businesses or legal entities such as hospitals, health clinics, pharmacies and others. Revocation of business licenses can be used as punishment for those companies, while the management may also face further legal repercussions.

Childhood Bullying Victimization, Substance Use and Criminal Activity among Adolescents: A Multilevel Growth Model Study

This study aims to examine the effects of childhood bullying victimization (CBV) on substance use and criminal activity among adolescents over time. In addition, it identifies the moderating effects of gender and race/ethnicity on the associations of CBV with substance abuse and criminal activity in adolescence and young adulthood. This study included 8984 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (Mage = 14.22 years) assessed biennially at four time points utilizing the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. The two-level hierarchical linear modeling was employed to test the effects of CBV on substance use and criminal activity. The incidence of substance use increased over time throughout adolescence to young adulthood, while that of criminal activity decreased. CBV increased the risks of cigarette use, marijuana use, and criminal activity. Gender and race/ethnicity significantly moderated the effect of CBV on alcohol use and alcohol binges. The effect of CBV on alcohol use was stronger among females than males. Among Hispanic adolescents, CBV was more strongly related to alcohol use and binges compared to non-Hispanic White. Findings suggest the need for early intervention for children at high risk of being bullied to reduce later substance abuse and involvement in criminal activities. Considering the moderating effects of gender and ethnicity on the associations, target-specified intervention and prevention programs are also required. Further studies focusing on the lifelong effects of CBV beyond adolescence are recommended.

Polygraph Testing and Social Intolerance: A Warning to Examiners Outside of the United States

Abstract The use of polygraph testing in the applicant screening process for law enforcement positions is widely accepted in the United States and elsewhere. Generally, that testing includes questions related to past behaviors such as involvement in criminal activity, use of illegal drugs, falsified background information, employment misconduct and so forth. More recently some have advocated that such testing ought to include questions related to ‘social intolerance.” In this paper we argue that testing for such ‘intolerance’ is highly objectionable and is likely to encourage efforts to prohibit polygraph testing, especially so outside of the United States.

Социальное окружение личности и его влияние на преступное поведение

The study examines influence of the social environment on offender and criminal behavior. The relevance of study of social environment for prevention of deviant and delinquent behavior are showed. The organization of social environment of individual is considered. It is shown that it consists of socio-structural, referential and interactive components. 
 Socio-structural relations reveal a person's positions in social groups, communities and institutions, roles and functions is performed. Referent relations act as a basis for recognition of importance of people included in social environment. Interactive relations determine the possibilities of joint activity, resources of help and support, which the participants of the social environment can present to the person. It is noted that the social environment of the individual affects the involvement in criminal activity, determining the attitude to the criminal way of life. Concepts that reveal the instrumental and value influences of those around them on the decision to commit a crime are examined. The psychological consequences of social disorganization and social categorization that predetermine a person's attitude toward the criminal social environment are described. The influence of social environment on the termination of antisocial lifestyle is explained through the creation of conditions to change the person's perceptions of himself. 
 The results of the study is a conceptualization of the social environment of the individual, revealing its organization in a set of socio-structural, referential and interactive aspects. The model expands the understanding of the role of other people in the regulation of criminal behavior.

Using a large-scale cyanoacrylate fuming chamber for latent fingermark detection in vehicles

ABSTRACT Latent fingermarks contain precise information about the identities of individuals present at the crime scene. Cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming is a popular and effective technique for fingermark development on non-porous surfaces, but few approaches have been proposed for processing vehicles. We report the use of a large CA fuming chamber for latent fingermark development in vehicles related to serious crimes in Brasilia, Brazil. The chamber consists of a fuming compartment with a stainless-steel structure and is supplied with movable heating trays, air circulation fans, humidifying system, gas evacuation system, and an integrated control unit for process monitoring. Processing an entire regular vehicle requires 16 g of liquid CA and ~2 h. Identifiable fingermarks were recognized on the exterior and interior of the examined vehicles, including the door handles and the seat belt metallic tongue. Detected fingermarks were positively matched to individuals whose involvement in criminal activities was confirmed. The results support the efficiency of the CA fuming technique for fingermark development in the interior and exterior of vehicles and indicate certain parts of vehicles as being of potential interest. Considering the efficiency of the CA polymerization reaction for fingermark development in vehicles involved in crimes, large-scale chambers may offer important advantages.

Poor Education and Unemployment Implications for Youth Crimes in Nigeria

Research on the correlation between education, occupation and criminality among the youth has grown both in length, and complexity in the last two decades. Using a mixed-method analysis, this study concurs that educational and occupational variables are significant determinants of criminal propensities but maintains two sides of the same coin by contending that the level of educational attainment of the youth does not grossly influence their involvement in criminal activities, whereas it draws on occupational attainment as a strong factor for the pervasive involvement of youth in criminality. Taking evidence from Nigeria, the study recommends policies that will review and implement youth entrepreneurial development, educational re-orientation and creation of more job opportunities, as a life-changing instrument against crime.

Public perception of the accounting professional through the movie “The Accountant”

With the goal of understanding how the image of accountants is portrayed by the media, we analyzed elements of legitimacy proposed by Suchman (1995) and stereotypes linked to the image of the accountant found in the movie “The Accountant” (2016). The research is documentary, descriptive and qualitative. To analyze and interpret data, we used the Categorical Content Analysis proposed by Bardin (2010), and the categories were determined beforehand. It was found that the elements of legitimacy were present regarding pragmatic legitimacy in the way the accountant dresses, his involvement in criminal activities, the demonstrating of his technical capacity. Regarding moral legitimacy, there are conflicting ethical dilemmas in the actions of the accountant, a specialist in dirty money. Regarding cognitive legitimacy, he is seen as someone who pleases his clients and does not always choose the profession by affinity. Regarding stereotypes, there was a discrepancy between genders, relationship difficulty, lack of sense of humor and that the accounting professional presents accurate logical and mathematical reasoning and competence in their functions. As research contributions, therefore, we can highlight the elucidation of distortions found involving the image of accountants in empirical studies, in relation to what is portrayed by the media, by the movie under analysis, seeking to combat negative images of the profession by identifying how they arise. The accounting field benefits from this with a possible shift in the popular perception of the importance of accountants for companies, by understanding that the criminal professional, exposed in the current media, are different from the professional required by the job market.

Особенности взаимосвязи моральных суждений и модели психического (на примере взрослых с РАС)

The deficit of theory of mind (ToM) is considered by a number of authors as one of the risk factors for involvement in criminal activity for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (for example because of difficulties in understanding other people’s intentions). The relationship between the deficit of ToM and moral judgments is discussed. The methods of test diagnostics (“Moral dilemmas”, A-ToM) and the method of content analysis of answers to open questions on moral dilemmas were used. It is shown that individuals with ASD are less likely to give utilitarian answers to impersonal dilemmas, but regardless of the intact of ToM, there is a tendency to reduce the degree of utilitarianism from impersonal to personal dilemmas. It is also shown that individuals with ASD do not rely on the intentions of actors when reasoning about moral dilemmas, but not only individuals with ASD rely on conse-quences in such reasoning.

УГОЛОВНО-ПРАВОВАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СКЛОНЕНИЯ И ВОВЛЕЧЕНИЯ В ПРЕСТУПНУЮ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ

The article examines the provisions that characterize «incitement to crime» and «involvement in criminal activity» as independent elements of a crime, which are formulated in domestic legislation. The article analyzes the objective and subjective characteristics that characterize involvement in a crime and inducement to crime. Their differences are established among themselves, as well as their delimitation from complicity in a crime. The publication contains a list of articles that form independent offenses associated with inducement to criminal activity and involvement in a crime. The publication analyzes the clarification posted in the previously valid decision of the Supreme Court of the USSR, regarding issues related to clarifying the content of the involvement of minors in criminal activity, as well as the provisions of the current resolution of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The article concludes that «involvement — a crime» and «induction — a crime» are always active socially dangerous acts that are committed exclusively with direct intent, formal elements of crimes, they are not identical concepts, they also differ from complicity in a crime in the form of incitement due to the fact that «involvement is a crime» and «inducement is a crime» have an increased social danger.

Uchodźcy XXI wieku. Przestrzeń zagrożeń – przestrzeń wyzwań

Current migratory movements have been mostly connected with the refugee crisis initiated in 2015, the deliberate actions of the government of Belarus in 2021 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. It should be assumed that the pursuit of people towards the area of security is associated with multiple threats and challenges both for themselves and for their surroundings. The problems concern countries of departure, transit and destination. In each of these “stages” there are multiple threats affecting not only the refugees themselves. The main problem is the identification and analysis of threats, which would allow to define the conditions for strengthening the area of security related to migration. Threats concern both the life and health of people on the move (death in transit, loss of health, exposure to criminal and extreme political circles, involvement in criminal activities, economic exploitation, ethnic and religious animosities and conflicts) and for the institutions of states (social assistance, internal security). Global events indicate that threats, problems and challenges will continue to exist. It is therefore necessary to adapt the forms of institutional actions towards the problem in order to neutralize the indicated threats.

Psychological and environmental empirics of crimes in Pakistan

Literature provides rich evidence of the role of economic development, environmental quality, and psychological stress' prevalence on the deployment of human efforts in criminal activities. This study explores the role of HDI, CO2, and Prevalence of Depression against total, violent, and nonviolent crimes in Pakistan between 1990 and 2017. Analysis based on ARDL bounds testing model which proposes that human development, environment quality, and sound mind leads to a decrease in the involvement in criminal activities. The intensity of effects is different for total, violent, and nonviolent crime rates. Government should focus on development expenditures coupled with improving the quality of the environment and mind.

The Poverty of Policy: Examining Care Leaving Policy in Ethiopia

International research consistently shows that young care leavers’ journey from care to emerging adulthood is characterised by adversities such as unemployment, poor academic performance, homelessness, involvement in criminal activities, mental illness and early parenthood. As research evidence points out, such negative outcomes are closely linked with the existence of multiple placements, lack of mentoring, limited connections with significant others, the absence of early preparation to leave care, and a dearth of or inadequate policy frameworks that entitle care leavers to use aftercare support schemes. In order to support care leavers’ transition from care to emerging adulthood, Global North countries have implemented an independent care leaving policy framework that serves as a scaffolding for challenges that would arise from care leavers’ exploration of the adult world upon leaving care. However, such experience in formulation of policy to empower care leavers to be an independent adult is not well developed in countries in Global South due to the infant nature of research on care leaving and a preference for addressing the issues of care leavers in the existing child policy frameworks rather than formulating a special policy that deals with care leaving. The status of Ethiopia in this regard is not different. Existing policy frameworks concerning children have failed to address the needs of Ethiopian care leavers despite the existence of over five million orphan and vulnerable children in the country most of whom are placed in institutional childcare centres. This article presents the case for an independent care leaving policy in Ethiopia to address the multifaceted needs of children in care and improve the care leaving service in the country. Thus, the study will shed light on the state of care leaving policy in the world and lessons for Ethiopia to support Ethiopia’s attempt to serve the most vulnerable children in care by developing its own care leaving policy.

Η νοηματοδότηση της εμπειρίας του εγκλεισμού και η (ανα)κατασκευή της ταυτότητας έγκλειστων γυναικών: Ποιοτική μελέτη

This study aimed to explore how women in confinement attribute meaning to their experience in prison and, at the same time, how they (re)construct their narrative identity as they visualize their future through the use of photographs. The study was part of a broader research titled “Phototherapy in prisons”. Six imprisoned women participated in the study. The technique of photo-elicitation in interviews was adopted and women created life narrative using the medium of photo-stories . The material was analysed using narrative analysis. Through the analysis two main narrative types emerged; a restitution narrative and a partial regeneration narrative. Significant topics in the women’s life narrative included issues of responsibility, gender as a factor in women’s involvement in criminal activities, the perceptions of imprisonment and participants’ desire to distance themselves from the experience following their release from prison. The findings of this study help better understand the experience of imprisonment, taking into account the role of gender, and highlight the contribution of alternative methods of study when working with people who have limited opportunities to voice their experiences. In addition, findings provide insight regarding the design of trauma focused interventions in prison with the aim of more fully preparing the women for the transition to life in the community.