Investment In Other Countries Research Articles

Identifying the Factors that influence the Process Optimization of New Investment Appraisal

The FDI approval process is one of the decisive factors of successful implementation of investments in a country. This paper attempts to identify the relationship and association between several factors that involves in new FDI appraisal process by the host country. It identifies factors such as global presence of the intended investor; the type of Industry; expected contribution from the investment; potential for gaining competence regarding human resource; expected developments in the country’s infrastructure. The study suggests that above factors are critical to the relevant authorities who involved in FDI promotion. This research also ranks these factors to make the conclusions more useful in the real-life application. It also highlights the number of employments generated for local workers under the new investment. The new investments bring additional knowledge, skills, and competence that usually not quantified at the appraisal level. The success rate of similar investment in other countries also to be critically evaluated. The findings of this research could be extremely useful for countries who wish to host FDIs. A clear understanding about the key influencing factors and their association with the investment appraisal process would be the key to optimize the process.

A Study on the Trade Effects of China's Direct Investment in Malaysia

Malaysia is geographically located in the center of Southeast Asia, holding the Malacca Strait, an important international waterway, and is an important node in the construction of the "Belt and Road". China and Malaysia have long maintained good economic and trade cooperation. Investment and trade are important ways of economic exchanges between the two countries. Malaysia has a favorable investment environment, and China has become the largest investor in Malaysia's manufacturing industry for six consecutive years. In terms of trade, China has become the largest trading partner of Malaysia for 14 consecutive years, the largest source of imports and the second largest export market of Malaysia. As an important investor and trade partner of China, Malaysia's research on the trade effects of direct investment in Malaysia can further promote bilateral economic cooperation and provide reference for China's investment in other countries along the "Belt and Road". Firstly, the paper defines the main concepts involved, and combs the relevant theories of trade effects of direct investment, which lays a theoretical foundation for the following research. Then, the paper analyzes the development of China's direct investment and trade in Malaysia, introduces the general situation of China's direct investment and trade in Malaysia, and preliminarily judges that China's direct investment and trade in Malaysia are promoting relations. Finally, the paper combines the status quo analysis and empirical conclusions, and puts forward relevant policy recommendations.

ВЕНЧУРДУК КАРЖЫЛООДОГУ ЭҢ АЛДЫНКЫ ЭЛ АРАЛЫК ТАЖРЫЙБАЛАР

The article describes the foreign experience of venture investment in the innovative transformation of the economy. Forms and ways of development of venture investment in developed countries will be determined. The article presents an analysis of the best world practices and the possibilities of their application in the Kyrgyz Republic. The experience of the USA, Great Britain, France, Germany and China will be described in detail, since the venture industry of these countries is the most developed in comparison with venture investment in other countries. countries. The most interesting is the experience of Federal Germany, which appeared in Germany in the 70s of the twentieth century. The article focuses on the role of states in the formation and development of venture business in the leading countries for a long period of time, the experience of which may be useful in the formation of state policy in the field of innovation financing.

AZƏRBAYCANDA QEYRİ-NEFT SEKTORUNA EDİLƏN XARİCİ İNVESTİSİYALARIN TƏŞVİQ EDİLMƏSİ İSTİQAMƏTLƏRİ

The purpose of attracting foreign investment in the non-oil sector is to reduce and gradually eliminate dependence on oil revenues. However, foreign investment does not go to production, but to non-profit areas such as construction and warehousing. Azerbaijan offers tax rates and customs duties to foreign investors. However, gaps in the legislative and legal system do not escape the attention of foreign investors. Foreign investors make investment decisions after assessing the economic and political situation in the country. Reforms in the economy and the legal system in recent years will be the basis for increasing foreign investment in the non-oil sector. One of the government's goals in the Strategic Roadmap for National Economic Development until 2025 was to "increase the share of foreign investment in the non-oil sector in GDP to 4 percent." Investments by Turkish companies in the non-oil sector of our country have long outpaced investments in other countries, except for a few years. In particular, investments in Azerbaijan's non-oil sector came from Russia, the United States, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates, France and Germany. However, the volume of investments from Russian and Swiss companies has recently increased. Countries with developed infrastructure attract investors faster. Investors consider such countries as countries with a favorable investment climate. Therefore, it is necessary to form a developed infrastructure in our country and eliminate the shortcomings in the industry. Many factories are unable to operate at full capacity and bring the product to the final product stage due to lack of raw materials, auxiliary equipment and materials. Key words: foreign direct investment, non-oil sector, investment environment, protection of foreign investments, investment policy

Reasons behind Money Laundering and Ways to Controlling it in Bangladesh

Money laundering is a system, treated to legitimate illegally earned wealth in a way aiming to conceal the source of the wealth and after the process, the money looks like legal money. Our study aims to identify, analyze, and reveal the reasons that occur the offense and simultaneously, to suggest strategies and a model to control money laundering in Bangladesh. This study conducted based on primary data using a factors-based questionnaire, which responded to by teachers of universities and officers of banks. Findings suggest that reasons behind the offense are to transform black money into white money; to pay bribe and speed money; to hide the source of bribe and speed money; to get higher remittance, the illegal channel being used; to get a higher return from investment in other countries’ securities, stocks, and derivatives; to deposit money safely abroad; to evade import duty for having a higher rate in the specific items like gold, and to build a second home abroad. Findings also suggest a lack of ethical practice in life; having an imbalance in income and expenditure, and more earning tendency influenced people to conduct money laundering. Findings further suggest that the politician has a higher tendency to conduct money laundering than other occupations. Countries should control money laundering internationally by helping each other and update the way of controlling rules and regulations continuously.

Does foreign direct investment influence manufacturing sector growth in Middle East and North African region?

PurposeThis study empirically assessed the influence of foreign direct investment on the manufacturing sector growth in the Middle East and North African region using panel data of 18 countries covering the period of 1975–2017.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed Levin et al. (2002) test (LLC) and Im et al. (2003) panel unit root test. Furthermore, Kao’s cointegration test was applied to examine the long-run relationship between the variables. Both the Dynamic OLS and Fully modified OLS were used in estimating the short-run relationship.FindingsThe results of the DOLS and FMOLS indicate that both inward and outward FDI influence the manufacturing sector growth positively. This shows that much of the manufacturing sector growth in the MENA region is driven by both inward and outward FDI. Our findings made a strong new proposition that aside from the negative influence proposed by Stevens and Lipsey (1992), outward FDI could also have a positive influence on the manufacturing sector of a country through effective utilization of domestic raw materials that are produced locally for production of goods in a foreign country.Practical implicationsMENA countries should concentrate more on making policies that will encourage the effective utilization of domestic resources for outward foreign direct investment in other countries of the world as it has the capacity to boost the manufacturing sector growth. Also, policies that will attract more inflows of FDI in the region should be encouraged. Both inward and outward FDI should be considered as an integral part of MENA economic policy in order to spur the manufacturing sector growth.Originality/valuePrevious empirical studies on the relationship between FDI and manufacturing sector growth have focused much on the influence of inward FDI. Thus, very little attention has been paid to the contribution that the outward FDI makes to the growth of the manufacturing sector of the host country. Our empirical study focused on the influence of both inward and outward FDI on the manufacturing sector growth with specific emphasis on the MENA region that remains the center of attraction of inward FDI and a source of inward FDI to most nonoil producing developing and developed countries given the oil-rich nature of the region.

Do Countries with Similar Levels of Corruption Compete to Attract Foreign Investment? Evidence Using World Panel Data

This paper examines whether foreign direct investment in one country helps to increase foreign investment in other countries with a similar degree of corruption. Our estimates are based on an unbalanced annual panel of 164 countries over the 2005–2015 period. Using spatial econometric techniques, our main findings reveal that foreign investment in one recipient country is complementary to that in countries with similar levels of corruption. Furthermore, our results point to the existence of different circuits of foreign direct capital among countries that are determined by corruption similarity. These results suggest important policy implications for countries aiming to attract foreign investment.

EKSISTENSI MEREK JASA TERKENAL DALAM HUKUM NASIONAL DAN INTERNASIONAL

Trademark as an Intellectual property rights is a sign to distinguish between a product of goods or services in trade activity. In Explanation part of Article 21 paragraph (1) letter b Trademark Laws 2016, famous Trademark should be considered or can be characterized by: a. basic knowledge of the community towards the Trademark; b. Trademark reputation was earned through a vigorous campaign and spacious; c. trademark registration in several countries and the company's investments in other countries. Trademark Laws does not distinguish between the well-known trademark and famous Trademark. So that both well-known and famous trademark are still referred to as well-known trademark. Legal violations of trademark can be carried out by legal effortKeywords: well-known Trademark, famous Trademark, and Legal Efforts

Developing in Investment Environment in Jordan from the Perspective of Jordan Investments Commission

Globalization; along with its developed technology and wide opened window has facilitated interaction between countries that surpassed import and export. Attracting foreign investments to a country is an added value which helps in developing the workforce within the country and get use from different experiences that other countries employ. From that point, current study seeks to examine the influence of a group of CSF on the investment environment in Jordan from the perspective of Jordan Investment Commission. In order to achieve the aim of study, (412) questionnaire were distributed on senior managers, managers and tram leaders within JIC. Results of study indicated that foreign direct investment is a real means to achieve a number of objectives, including: decrease unemployment, exploitation of natural resources, contribution to the increase of GDP, the abundance of goods for domestic markets, increased exports, and technology transfer. What is important to us in all this is the transfer of technology from developed countries with direct investments to the host countries of this investment, where the transfer of the most efficient and developed means of production, since the foreign investor is always looking for the greatest return through investments in other countries, Create appropriate conditions for this.

Distance bias of socially responsible investment

PurposeDespite the benefits of international diversification, the home equity bias phenomenon is well documented in the portfolio choice literature. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the same investment behavior applies to domestic socially responsible investments (SRIs) where ethical screenings should be the selection criteria.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply the model by Coval and Moskowitz (1999), Grinblatt and Keloharju (2001) and Agarwal and Hauswald (2010) to uncover the effect of distance relative to screenings on SRI domestic portfolio choice. For the first time, the authors test the robustness of distance effect by using time bias, which is the travel time between the fund manager and the company’s headquarter.FindingsThe authors find that SRIs exhibit a strong preference for locally headquartered firms. After controlling for screening activity and other fund characteristics, the authors still find a strong distance bias in SRI fund portfolio decision-making. The authors find that this bias is mostly observed in SRI fund with social screening and that fund holding characteristics determine the propensity of fund managers to invest locally. The results suggest that the local bias puzzle exists in SRI.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides avenue for future research to examine whether the same local bias is found in SRI investment in other countries where they have different characteristics and behavior. Also, the evidence that local bias exists in SRI investment may need further analysis as to whether this is conflicting with the objectives of SRI, which focus more on ethical beliefs.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that many local firms in the same city currently held by an SRI fund will not be held by this fund if it is in another city. The implications of the findings are that geographic proximity, along with ethical screenings, is an important dimension to how SRI fund invests.Originality/valueThis study is the first that examines local bias in SRI funds by using portfolio holding data.

Global Imbalances and the Trade Slowdown

From the mid-1990s until the financial crisis, global trade grew twice as fast as global income, far faster than in previous or subsequent periods. During this period of rapid trade growth, global current account imbalances also expanded rapidly. If excess savings in some countries financed more consumption and investment in other countries, then trade and trade imbalances would move together. Greater capital mobility thus may help to explain why trade surged in the period before 2007 and why it slowed more sharply in later years when demand stalled. Consistent with this explanation, the countries that contributed most to global trade growth during the period of rapid trade growth also experienced large imbalances. Constraining trade deficits to historical norms, this paper shows that trade growth would have been more moderate in the late 1990s and early 2000s and stronger in subsequent years. Going forward, assuming global imbalances remain relatively unconstrained, the relationship between trade growth and income growth will likely be less stable than before the 1990s.

How High-Speed Rail Affects Local Land Prices: An Evidence From Taipei, China

This paper evaluates the effect of High-Speed-Rail (THSR) on the land prices of targeted regions (THSR regions) in Taipei, China by using prefectural-level data from 1993 to 2017. The construction of THSR was from 2000 and was finished in 2006. The first operation of the THSR line from Taipei City to Zuoying (Kaohsiung City) started in 2007. After the station construction of Miaoli, Changhua, and Yunlin was completed at the end of 2015, the entire line was open in 2016. THSR investment has been believed to play an important role in changing land usage and land value. However, such spillover effects on land prices have not been evaluated formally yet. Employing the difference-in-difference (DID) methodology, I estimate THSR’s impact on local land prices by comparing the land prices in THSR regions with other regions that are not covered by THSR. The results suggest that THSR has been positively affecting the average land prices of THSR regions from the start of its construction, and such positive effect becomes even larger after the operation begins. On the other hand, I also find an inequality of the land price growth among the THSR regions. The positive spillover effects in northern regions are larger than those in southern counterparts, which indicates that there may be some straw effects exist in southern regions. Also, since the increase in local land prices often leads to the increase in local tax revenues, this paper, by showing the positive relationship between THSR investment and land prices, may have meaningful implications for future potential High-Speed-Rail investments in other countries or regions.

Venture Funds as one of the Major Sources of Investment for Innovative Entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article presents the development of venture capital investment in the Republic of Kazakhstan within the context of analyzing foreign experience in the implementation and application of the methods, models, vehicles and schemes of venture capital investment in knowledge-intensive high-tech innovative enterprises. Kazakhstan is primarily interested in the experience of Western Europe and the USA, since the venture capital industry of these countries is the most developed as compared with venture investing investment in other countries. The goal of this article is to focus on studying of the theoretical and methodological foundations of venture capital investment, as well as on developing practical guidance on improving the development of venture capital operations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Trying to achieve the above goal the following results have also been achieved: uncovering of the goal, essence and peculiarities of venture capital investment, as well as its role in the development of innovative projects; identification of current trends, patterns and contradictions in the development of the venture capital investment process; consolidation of the best practice in organizing venture capital investment in the Republic of Kazakhstan and abroad. The article offers practical guidance for enhancing the efficiency of venture capital investment in the Republic of Kazakhstan. First of all, it has been concluded that nowadays the country is in an urgent need for the formation of a new investment model providing for the creation of venture funds investing in business-plans and pilot teams.

Norway and Turkey: Possibilities of Cooperation through the Eyes of Turkish Opinion-Makers

The authors conducted interviews with opinion-makers in Turkey in 2012 to explore the feasibility of cooperation between Turkey and Norway on issues of peacebuilding. Norway was viewed by respondents as a country with softpower capabilities and a focus on human rights, democratic values, and the rule of law. Some opinion-makers also emphasized that both countries have a similar position on Palestine, a pivotal issue in the Middle East. Obstacles to cooperation include the geographical distance between the two countries, the lack of common institutions, Norway’s lack of experience with different ethnicities and faiths, Norway’s failure to object to the 2005-2006 Danish cartoon scandal regarding Mohammed, Norwegian criticism of Turkey’s policies toward the Kurds, and its imprisonment of dissidents without due process of law. Despite these issues, respondents expressed enthusiasm about future cooperation, and view Norway as a far better potential collaborator than any other European country, in part because it, like Turkey, is outside the EU but a member of NATO. The issue of trade-offs between Norway’s use of soft power and its economic aspirations, namely oil investments in other countries, was also explored. The article concludes with a discussion of the possibility that increased cooperation between Turkey and Norway may give rise to “Turkophobia”, an extension of “Islamophobia”, a simplistic interpretative framework that rests on cultural misunderstanding and miscommunication.

Análise do processo de internacionalização dos países do Bric com o uso do índice de Grubel e Lloyd

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo demonstrar o processo de internacionalização do BRIC (Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China) por meio da aplicação do índice de Grubel e Lloyd no período 1994-2009. A hipótese da pesquisa é que os países do BRIC vêm apresentando um crescimento no processo de internacionalização, refletido pelo aumento do nível de investimento produtivo em outros países. A pesquisa tem como método a aplicação do índice de Grubel e Lloyd nos fluxos de investimento estrangeiro direto e investimento estrangeiro de residentes no exterior, no período 1994-2009, dos países do BRIC. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram um aumento no índice de Grubel e Lloyd relacionado aos fluxos de investimento estrangeiro, o que sugere que as empresas dos países do BRIC vêm ampliando o investimento produtivo em outros países da mesma forma que o setor empresarial das economias avançadas atuou com o objetivo de maximizar os ganhos por meio da internacionalização.

Employment: Renewed Investments

Abstract Supported employment for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities emerged in the 1980s, clearly showing the untapped potential of people to work productively in integrated jobs. Expanding across the United States and other countries, supported employment was shown to be an effective approach to employment across communities and cultures. While supported employment has expanded little in the last decade, there is a renewed investment nationwide and in some other countries. The renewed developments include improvements in supported employment methods, interest in funding based on outcomes rather than services, concern about the persistence of segregated workshops, the need for qualified supported employment personnel, investment in Employment First policies in states, the emergence of litigation promoting integrated employment over segregation, renewed investment in transition, investments in other countries, and the increasingly clear voice of self-advocates with intellectual and developmental disabilities calling for community jobs and fair pay. While there is renewed interest in supported employment, threats remain to further improvement and expansion that must also be addressed.

And yet they Co-move! Public capital and productivity in OECD

In this paper, we add to the debate on the public capital–productivity link by applying very recent developments in the panel time series literature that take into account cross sectional correlation in non-stationary panels. In particular, we evaluate the productive effect of public capital by estimating various production functions on a panel of 21 OECD countries over the period 1975–2002. Our results suggest that public capital has a positive long run impact on output, with elasticities that range between 0.05 and 0.15, depending on model specification. These findings are robust to the existence of spillover effects from public capital investments in other countries and to the inclusion of other productivity determinants, like human capital, the stock of patents and R&D capital. Finally, we do not find any important effect of public capital on GDP in the short run: this suggests that public infrastructure investments might not be a powerful countercyclical policy instrument.

Global Imbalances and the Paradox of Thrift

Global imbalances refer to current account surpluses and deficits. This is a form of international intertemporal trade, and the neoclassical approach suggests that there are gains from trade, and hence there may be no problem created by global imbalances. This paper presents qualifications to this argument. A crucial concept is the “return journey”, namely the need for borrowers to pay interest (or dividends) and eventually to be able to repay. Thus savings must lead to investment, which provides the future resources to enable the return journey.If borrowing is used to finance current consumption, wars, or unwise (“unfruitful”) investment, such as excessive housing construction, the result will be a crisis. In this way the high net savings of some countries actually led to the recent crisis. This is a new version of Keynes’ “paradox of thrift” The central issue on which this paper focuses is the failure of high net savings by the “savings glut” countries to lead to fruitful investment in other countries, both in the United States and in developing countries. Hence a crisis was caused by the lack of provision for the return journey.

Foreign Direct Investment in Canada

This article analyzes foreign direct investment in Canada. In 2009, Canadian direct investment in the United States was down sharply, generating a net liability position. Direct investment in other countries also declined, but the overall net asset position was sustained. The value of Canada’s direct investment abroad was declined by 7.5 percent in 2009.

The World Distribution of Productivity: Country TFP Choice in a Nelson-Phelps Economy

This paper builds a theory of the shape of the distribution of total-factor productivity (TFP) across countries. The data on productivity suggests vast differences across countries, and arguably even has “twin peaks”. The theory proposed here is consistent with vast differences in long-run productivity, and potentially also with a twin-peaks outcome, even under the assumption that all countries are ex-ante identical. It is based on the hypothesis that TFP improvements in a given country follow a Nelson-Phelps specification. Thus, they derive from past investments in the country itself and, through a spillover (or catch-up) term, from past investments in other countries. We then construct a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model of the world which has externalities: each country invests in TFP and internalizes the dynamic effects of its own investment, while treating other countries' investments as given. Average world growth is endogenous, as is the distribution of TFP across countries. We find that small idiosyncratic TFP shocks can lead to large long-run differences in TFP levels and that, in the long run, the world distribution of TFP across countries may be asymmetric, i.e., twin-peaked, or bimodal. More specifically, twin-peaked world distributions of TFP arise if the catch-up term in the Nelson-Phelps equation has a sufficiently low weight. If, on the other hand, technological catch-up is important, the world distribution of TFP is unimodal, though it may still have large dispersion.