Competition For Investment Research Articles

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN INVESTASI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU

Indramayu is regency that produce Oil and Earth Gas in Indonesian and as main paddy granary for West Java Province. So that the investment in this sectors is a strategic effort. Region development study have intention to know investment developing, analyzing investment competitiveness and make Indramayu Regency investment increasing strategy. Methods that is used in this study is competitiveness analysis by using SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. The Analysis showing result: First, Indramayu Regency up to year 2000-2005 experience investment decreases. Second, analysis result about investment competitiveness show the priorities factor that most regard Indramayu Regency investment competitiveness alternately which ares strength factor (0,458), weakness (0,280), opportunity (0,162), and threat (0,100). Third, from the competitiveness analysis, priority alternative strategy in increasing Indramayu Regency investment alternately which are developing zone and industrial cluster (0,551), developing agroindustry upstream until downstream (0,237), developing institution (0,138), and increasing human capital quality (0,074).Keywords: Indramayu, Competitiveness, Investment Increasing Strategy

Методичні підходи до визначення модельних підприємств лісового господарства

Підприємства лісового господарства зазнають впливу не лише соціально-економічних, а й природно-кліматичних чинників. На сьогодні актуальним питанням для підприємств лісової галузі України є визначення нормативних (оптимальних) організаційно-економічних параметрів їх діяльності за регіонами та їх уповільнення до реальних економічних умов функціонування. Розглянуто методичний підхід до визначення за регіонами модельних лісогосподарських підприємств (лідерів). Запропонована методика спирається на сценарний підхід у методології управління господарською діяльністю підприємств галузі та використовує методи міжгосподарського порівняльного аналізу. Прогнозування параметрів діяльності лісогосподарських підприємств за регіонами здійснюється за достовірними багатофакторними моделями з шістьма групами найвагоміших факторів впливу. Запропоновані оптимальні багатофакторні моделі організаційно-економічної діяльності лісогосподарських підприємств містять такі параметри: ресурсно-виробничого потенціалу (потужності), еколого-економічної (лісівничо-екологічної та економічної складових) та соціально-економічної ефективності (соціальної значущості для власних працівників та економіки регіону) за шістьма групами критеріїв. Запропонований методичний підхід апробовано на лісогосподарських підприємствах чотирьох областей України (Вінницької, Сумської, Харківської та Чернігівської).

Базовые региональные риски развития территорий Сибирского федерального округа

Выполнен анализ индивидуальных стратегических рисков социально-природно- техногенной системы промышленного региона на примере территорий Сибирского федерального округа. Рассмотрены основные виды рисков и их средние значения для двух групп: потенциальные и реализованные, и приведены факторы, их определяющие. Выполнено сравнение фактических и нормативных уровней риска с учетом особенностей регионального развития территорий. Выявлены базовые индивидуальные риски для территории Красноярского края. The purpose of the work is to analyze and evaluate individual strategic risks arising in the socio-natural-technogenic system of the industrial region by the example of the territories of the Siberian Federal District. We present a comparative assessment of actual and regulatory risk levels, taking into account the specific features of regional development of the territories. Partly this project is aimed to carry out comparative assessment of the actual and normative risk levels taking into account regional features of territory’s development. Risk assessment methods are based on normative documents of the Russian Federation. The individual risks of deaths caused by technogenic emergency (the realized risks) were calculating with using MP 2-4-71-40 for some regions of Siberian Federal District. The cancerogenic and non-cancerogenic inhalation risks for population health are counted by according to methodology P 2.1.10.1920-04. The general methodology of territorial risks assessment includes techniques and models of anthropogenic risks assessment, creating of crisis databases, algorithms of mapping with using GIS-technologies. Results. The assessment of inhalation risks was carried out for the cities of Krasnoyarsk region using the data of the state environmental monitoring network during from 2003 to 2014. The individual risks of death caused by technogenic emergency were calculated according to the data of EMERCOM for Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions during 2011–2015. Basic individual risks for Krasnoyarsk region are determined taking into account the specialty of regional development. Findings. Assessment of the levels of environmental and human-made risks expands the possibilities for developing economic mechanisms for regulating the safety of regions and territories, including insurance of potentially dangerous objects and people living in areas of possible damage due to emergencies, which leads to a decrease in the volume of compensation payments from local government budgets. On the other hand, reducing the risks of emergencies provides more stable functioning of the economic potential and increases the competitive (investment) advantages of the region. A comprehensive assessment of the environmental condition and safety at the level of municipalities and industrial regions should be carried out on the basis of a systemic analysis of development risks, which will improve the level of efficiency of territorial management by implementing measures to reduce the actual values of the risks of territorial development.

Competitive Environment Assessment and the Contractor Selection Criteria for the State and Municipal Contracts Execution

The article deals with the competitive environment assessment in the investment and construction complex and specifics of the contract system implementation in the procurement of goods, works and services provided for state and municipal institutions. Being a key element in the state construction order implementation and assessing the level of competitiveness of the investment and construction complex enterprises, the contractual bidding mechanism acts as the basis for competitive relations, simultaneously legislating the main price criteria for the selection of contractors, which do not allow to objectively evaluate the applicants' ability to fulfill the conditions of the concluded contract in full.

Tax Competition for Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN: Is Corporate Income Tax Harmonization the Solution?

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Analyzing the Competitiveness of Zimbabwean Economy against its Neighbouring Countries

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact on economic performance of competitiveness of Zimbabwean economy vis-a-vis its neighbouring countries, namely Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia between 2006 and 2015. In this study a panel data model based on random effects model is applied. Results confirm that investment, human capital and overall competitiveness are positive and statistically significant while inflation is negative and insignificant in influencing the economic growth. A 1% increase in investment, human capital and improvement in competitiveness has an expected effect of increasing economic growth by 0.31%, 1.14% and 5.52% respectively. Results further unravel that country’s individual competitiveness contributes to economic performance. However, relative to Zimbabwe, there is overwhelming evidence that South Africa, Botswana and Zambia have higher contributions while that of Mozambique is insignificant. Specifically, a competitiveness index of 3 for South Africa, Botswana and Zambia contributes to economic performance by 3.54%, 3.44% and 2.93% respectively higher than that Zimbabwe could achieve using the same score. In light of the above, it is imperative for Zimbabwe to strive towards improving the performance of nine pillars of competitiveness that exhibit some weaknesses so that higher economic growth can be attained. Besides addressing competitiveness challenges, countries in the sample need to boost investment as well as improving human capital in order to stimulate economic performance.

Producing investment returns at the margin of finance: A frontier talent proposition

Institutional investment management requires expertise. In the “war-for-talent”, co-located private sector financial institutions drive wages up, thereby side-lining resource-constrained public pension funds and forcing them to outsource their investment functions. This article develops a frontier talent proposition based on a case-study of an atypical and exemplary U.S. public pension plan that produces competitive investment returns at-a-distance (geographically and economically) from financial agglomerations by internally managing 75 bn USD of retirement assets on a tight budget. Combining labour market statistics and close-dialogue with 37 investment professionals, the case-study documents original comparative advantages of the periphery relative to financial agglomerations in talent recruitment. It contributes new insights on geographical differences in real wages and the quality of life of finance workers. Looking ahead, the article suggests the relevance of frontier talent to a larger set of financial institutions facing increasing difficulties to staff their organisations in top-tier financial centres.

From Mutualized Exchange to Investor-Owned Demutualized Entity: The Case of Pakistan Stock Exchange

This study provides an overview of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) journey from not-for-profit mutually owned company to the for-profit demutualized entity. The wave of demutualization and public listing of stock markets around the globe is being witnessed for the last three decades. This study focuses on three main areas. First, in 2012, the stock market stood corporatized and demutualized as a public company limited by shares. Prior to 2012, the PSX (formerly called Karachi stock exchange) was a broker-owned company. The three national stock exchanges of Pakistan merged together to form PSX in January 2016. Moreover, the 40% strategic ownership of PSX is transferred to the Chinese investors. The Pakistan stock market is listed on its own exchange from June 29, 2017 (self-listing) following the IPO process. Second, this study discusses the reasons for demutualization, such as investment in technology and global competition; and regulatory implications of for-profit demutualized exchange. Lastly, selected market efficiency indicators are compared before and after integration to assess the benefit of demutualization. On a positive note, so far, the market witnessed higher liquidity, less excessive volatility, and better returns for investors in the post-merger period compared to pre-merger period.

Economic basis of providing of competitiveness of insurance company: methodical and practical aspects

Introduction. The management of economic base ingredients is sent to forming, development and realization of competitive edges and providing of high level of competitiveness of insurance company, that in a result will assist not only the increase of client base of insurers, development insurance to the sector but also bringing in of additional investment resources in a home economy.
 A necessity of providing of high level of competitiveness of domestic insurance companies is in the conditions of active євроінтергації with the use of economic instruments, and also the presence of insufficiently known and debatable questions stipulates actuality of realization of further researches.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is research of methodical and practical aspects of economic base of providing of competitiveness of insurance company and ground of directions of improvement of administrative activity in this sphere.
 Research results. In the article methodical and practical aspects of economic base of providing of competitiveness of insurance company are investigational in a modern market environment. The attention was paid to the study of methodological aspects of evaluation of the level of competitiveness and competitive position of the insurer. Conducted evaluation of indexes of competitiveness from data of IC "Alfa-Garant", allowed to learn the state, dynamics and to define the key measures of increase of level of competitiveness of insurance company.
 On the basis of generalization of results of research of the methodical and practical aspects of economic base of providing of competitiveness of insurance company strategic, operating, financial, investment, innovative and analytical dominants, the totality of that could form a target for the formation of perspective plans of development, control of current situation, implementation of existent obligations.
 Conclusions. Providing of competitiveness of insurance company is possible on condition of system administrative work from a search and optimization of ways of her development. An important role in this process is fixed to analytical work, methods and the receptions of that are various enough, at the same time compatible and not always answer the features of activity of insurance organization that requires the improvement of methodical principles of analytical evaluation of competitiveness of insurance company. Basis of economic base of providing of competitiveness of insurance company are financial resources, the base aspects of management are conditioned that by the normatively-legal base of conduct of insurance business.

CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF TAX REGULATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES (EXAMPLE OF THE DANUBE REGION)

Topicality. Territorial communities as centers of self-organization and self-governance of the society must have significant economic potential to maintain their own ability and self-sufficiency for successful implementation of the economic, social and other functions, assigned to them. Particularly relevant is the issue of regulatory support for the economic development of territorial communities for the region of the Ukrainian Danube - a place of concentration of significant natural and economic resources, geopolitical prospects for development, as well as internal and transboundary challenges. Low indicators of the socio-economic development of the communities in the Danube region determine significance of tax regulation of economic activity, according to fast and systematic nature of the action of fiscal stimulants. The possibilities of modern process of power decentralization, of local self-government system reforming and budgetary system allow the use of tax instruments as levers of support for the development of united territorial communities and actualize the need to determine the scientific principles of tax regulation of territorial communities (on the example of the Ukrainian Danube).Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to identify the conceptual framework for the regulating of the economic development of territorial communities through tax instruments, for example, local taxes and fees, management of which is possible at the local level due to modern changes in budget legislation caused by the reform of local self-governance. Conceptual principles of tax regulation of economic development of territorial communities (on the example of the Ukrainian Danube) should be identified and disclosed in the aspect of the implementation of the European ideology of tax investment competition of territories that are promising for the implementation of certain projects as a lever for supporting of the development of economic growth. Measures of tax regulation of investment development of territorial communities are proposed to be developed and implemented taking into account the new institutional capacity that opens the process of decentralization and on the basis of world experience.Research results. The conceptual principles of tax support for the development of territorial communities with help of investment activity stimulation, promotion and implementation of investment projects, taking into account the influence of decentralization processes, are considered. The possibility of the using of local taxes as tools for business activity regulation of the territorial communities is substantiated by the newest institutional transformations that take place through the process of voluntary association of territorial communities in Ukraine and the Black Sea region, in particular, the general conceptual framework for tax regulation is defined. On the basis of the analysis of statistical data on investment and general economic development of Ukraine, Odesa region and the Danube region, it was established that the level of socio-economic development of regions and territorial communities is 4-5 times lower than of towns – regional centers. Despite numerous measures to intensify investment development, there is no significant progress in economic recovery stimulation. The experience of implementation of such measures to stimulate business activity as creation of special (free) economic zones, granting of tax privileges to economic entities by branch, territorial and other features is analyzed, and the level of effectiveness of such regulators is low. The classification of types of tax incentives for the development of territorial communities according to the degree of concentration and localization is proposed. Based on the study of the best world practices and given the results of logical analysis, it has been established that the most promising for the territorial communities are project-oriented levers of tax incentives for socio-economic development. A set of measures to promote the implementation of investment projects in the community on the basis of the use of local taxes, such as: land tax, transport tax, environmental taxes, excise taxes and non-local tax on personal incomes, is proposed.Conclusions. It has been established that taxes as fast and effective levers of regulation of economic activity should be used to stimulate the socio-economic development of territorial communities on a well-founded scientific basis and using the principles of systemicity, purposefulness and priority. The conceptual framework, the system of principles, mechanisms and instruments for tax incentives for socio-economic development of territorial communities constitute the subject and the prospects for further research in this direction.

Middle Class and the Importance of Education. Socio-Cultural and Political Aspects

The main idea of the article is to show the importance of education as a factor in identifying the middle class. This means that people with middle class status are involved in various structures of society and they have reached prestigious positions respectively which, in turn, affect the extent of their inclusion in society. Middle-class representatives have complete and successful career realization, and they are signifiantly more inflential from a social point of view in comparison to other individuals which are less integrated and less successful following the public indicators of personal success: education, income, prestige and political power. The paper is primarily based on results obtained through the European Social Survey (ESS) under the 2006, 2009 and 2013 waves. Findings of the present paper are that quality education is not only a function of effort, ambition and persistence, but also of parental involvement, culture capital and family background. Educational achievements are a stimulus for middle-class expansion because they present investment in social contacts and competition on the labour market.

Competitive federalism and workers’ compensation: do states race to the bottom?

ABSTRACTThis article builds on the competitive federalism literature by examining the role federalism plays in determining policy trajectories with consequences for public welfare in individual jurisdictions. It examines the argument that federalism encourages a ‘race to the bottom’ using the case of workers’ compensation benefits for injured workers in Australia. It finds state systems have been characterised by a downward slide in the protections afforded injured workers since the late 1970s, and this has been associated with policy makers’ real or rhetorical concerns around interstate competition for business investment.

Teaching About the Health Care Industry Through Gamification

Objective. To describe and evaluate the impact of a competition on investment financial acumen, and its relationship with improved health care industry knowledge. Methods. Students' confidence on 19 specific areas was assessed by a survey before and after participation in the health care investment competition. Their performance was also compared to that of Standard & Poor's 500 Index for Healthcare. Results. Students' self-perception on their knowledge of all 19 domains significantly increased after they participated in the health care investment competition. The average score to questions increased from 1.9 to 3.8. Thirty-eight percent of the students who participated in the competition outperformed Standard & Poor's 500 Index for Healthcare in the duration of the competition. Conclusion. Students at the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy designed and implemented a novel way to teach students and faculty members about the business side of health care. The competition took the form of a competitive "mock stock market" style game and resulted in a marked increase in confidence in all observed areas. This increased confidence relates to the students' increased knowledge in how the health care industry works from a business perspective.

Male mate choice as differential investment in contest competition is affected by female ornament expression.

High male mating effort and high variation in female quality select for male mate choice, which may be expressed as differential investment of reproductive effort based on female value. Male reproductive effort includes investment in direct contest competition with rival males for access to females, yet variation in male–male contest behavior is rarely examined in the context of male mate choice. We examine such male response to variation in female body size, reproductive state, and female-specific ornamentation in the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. We housed lizards in trios of 2 size-matched males and one female for 5 days, such that all 3 lizards were physically isolated and the males could see the female but not each other. We then placed males simultaneously into the female’s cage and scored the interaction. Male–male aggression was not significantly affected by female body size, reproductive state, nor ornament color, but was influenced by ornament size which reliably signals the phenotypic quality of the female and her offspring. In the presence of larger-ornamented females, males engaged in more male–male aggressive display behavior more quickly, and performed fewer high-intensity contact behaviors but were equally likely to escalate to this riskier level of fighting. Our data suggest that males adjust their energetic investment during intrasexual competitive interactions in response to variation in the contested female which, assuming males gain direct or indirect benefits from their strategic allocation of reproductive effort, fits the modern understanding of male mate choice.

TAX INSTRUMENTS OF INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT STIMULATION: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND NATIONAL REALITIES

Topicality. The urgency of the problem of tax instruments using in the role of means for stimulation of investment activity and of means for creating of a favorable investment climate nowadays grows due to the need for additional resources that are to be involved in the socio-economic development of Ukraine, as well as through the progress of administrative reform, which creates new opportunities for the use of taxes as tools for the stimulating of investment development. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the expediency of studying tax instruments as means for the stimulating of investment development, identifying of active and effective mechanisms for the attracting of investment funds for the development of the Ukrainian economy, taking into account international experience. Research results. The article thematically dedicated to the use of tax instruments for maintain of competitive investment policies at the regional, sub-regional, national levels, improving the investment climate in the region. The instruments are integrated into the mechanism with help of general conceptual idea - the ensuring of favorable conditions for the conducting of economic activity through the use of preferential indirect instruments that do not create differentiation between territories and entities, however, contribute to the renewal of capital of the entities. The European model of tax incentives for activation of foreign investments in Ukraine and the Black Sea region is considered and the main factors that have caused insufficient functional significance of tax instruments to stimulate investment development and to provide capital intensification are determined. There are also considered the American model of tax regulation of foreign investment, as well as the Asian model of tax regulation of foreign investment. The mechanism of combination of regulatory instruments in a single set, include measures of tax preferential support, organizational, guarantee-oriented support of investment projects realization on the territory of the Ukrainian Black Sea region, ways to increase the level of local budgets' self-incomes, to introduce the possibility of the determining and applying rates of taxes by local authorities self-governance within the limits set by the Tax Code of Ukraine. Conclusions. Strategic directions for the stimulating of business activity at the national and regional levels are substantial, but for this purpose, appropriate institutional support is required, namely, the relevant changes to the articles of the Tax Code of Ukraine. The prospects for future research in the field of regulation of investment activities are related with the formation of an institutional environment for the implementation of the regulatory function of taxes, the justification of the investment-efficient structure of the tax system.

Investment Attractiveness and External Competitiveness of the Nigerian Economy

The article examines the degree of Nigeria’s attractiveness for foreign investors. The paper highlights the main problems that the latter face when they enter the Nigerian investment market. Those issues have acquired particular relevance in connection with Nigeria’s assuming a new economic role – since 2014 the country has become the largest economy on the African continent, surpassing that of South Africa. Great efforts are made in the country to achieve the role of the economic “locomotive” of the continent. At the same time, the strengthening of economic positions is turning the country into a regional power, which attracts special attention not only from African, but also from overseas players. The article examines the investment capacity of the Nigerian market, the availability of credit, the susceptibility to innovation and new technologies. At the same time, specific “bottlenecks” have been identified that reduce Nigeria’s external investment competitiveness, such as its underdeveloped infrastructure, electricity supply problems, crime, corruption, and others.

철강공업의 설비경쟁과 산업육성 정책

The subjects of this paper are the investment process of the downstream sector of steel industry and promoting policy during the 1960s~1970s. Since the early 1960s, the competition for investment among companies looking to dominate the domestic market was fierce. But industrial policy with the whole national economy in mind did not materialize. Although the Steel Industry Promotion Act was promulgated in 1970, beside the intensive support for POSCO, additional systematic policy regarding the steel industry as a whole has not been well prepared. In the absence of government policy for coordination, investment in new facilities was made at the discretion of each company.

Specifičnosti finansiranja proizvodnih malih i srednjih preduzeća

Small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs, especially the production type, represent the most efficient segment of the economy in almost all countries of the world. Individually, these companies make the greatest contribution to increasing employment, gross value added and transport, which is why they are considered the backbone of growth and development of national economies. Their role is particularly significant in transition countries facing high unemployment, low level of economic activity, insufficient competitiveness and lack of investment, and where large inefficient state-owned enterprises are still present. As a stable source of job creation, small and medium-sized enterprises also have an important social function by absorbing labor surpluses in transition processes and ownership transformations of state and social enterprises. The survival, growth and development of manufacturing small and medium enterprises are primarily determined by the possibilities of financing from favorable sources. Limited access to sources of financing both in the money market and in the capital market, especially in terms of price and terms of use, may be the most important feature and biggest problem for these companies. Therefore, the issues of this paper are dedicated to the specificities of financing small and medium-sized enterprises in the production sector in order to improve their financial management and support in making adequate financial decisions.

ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19: ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ

The article analyzes the legal regulation of state support for entrepreneurship. The author notes that during the years of the economy, states are increasingly affected by global financial crises, which exhaust them and force them to look for new ways to support, rational and economic use of budget funds. Large businesses adapt quickly to the challenges of crises, but small businesses do not always respond adequately to them and are the most vulnerable, since small businesses usually do not have the financial reserves to stay afloat and avoid bankruptcy. It is proved that small and medium-sized businesses have suffered significant losses due to the introduction of quarantine due to COVID-19. the experience of Canada is analyzed, in particular, one of the components of its global economic success is a strong sector of small and medium-sized businesses. The conclusion is made about the need for effective state support, as well as in financial, small businesses, creating unfavorable conditions and a healthy competitive environment, unfavorable investments, innovations, tax and price regime and ensuring your protection during the financial crisis. It is proved that in the period 2020-2021, measures were taken to develop the strengthening of enterprises by increasing the organizational capabilities of organizations, supporting the transfer of knowledge and technologies, modernizing the existing infrastructure to support joint ventures by participating in international educational and training programs. It is noted that in order for the state to improve financial regulation of enterprises, first of all, Ukraine needs to continue to strengthen its institutional base to create favorable conditions for the growth of medium-sized businesses.

Substantiation of organizational and technological solutions for construction within the “car-free city” concept

In the article, the author developed the classification of the main models of implementation of the “car-free city” concept depending on organizational and technological solutions in the construction and reconstruction of the urban environment. The author determined that the problem of selecting the optimal model should be decided on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of various factors that determine the specific features and problems of a specific urban situation (social, technical, organizational, environmental, cultural, economic, climatic, etc). The developed solution should meet the criteria of ensuring the comfort of the urban environment and investment attractiveness. The author developed the basic algorithm of choosing the optimal organizational and technological solutions for the development of urban development within the “car-free city” concept, the use of which will contribute to maximizing socio-economic, environmental and other effects while ensuring the investment attractiveness and competitiveness of construction project decisions.