Investigation Of Thermodynamic Parameters Research Articles

Investigation of thermodynamic parameters, combustion, and emissions of produced biodiesel fuel (from waste oil by heterogeneous nano-catalyst of stone cutting factory sludge) and its combination with diesel fuel

Investigation of thermodynamic parameters, combustion, and emissions of produced biodiesel fuel (from waste oil by heterogeneous nano-catalyst of stone cutting factory sludge) and its combination with diesel fuel

Iron-Loaded Pomegranate Peel as a Bio-Adsorbent for Phosphate Removal

This study investigated the adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solutions using pomegranate peel (PP) as a bio-adsorbent. For this purpose, PP was activated via saponification using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) followed by cationization using iron chloride (FeCl3). The iron-loaded PP (IL-PP) was characterized using zeta potential measurement, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The batch adsorption method was followed to determine the equilibrium time and effect of pH on the adsorption process. The full factorial design methodology was used to analyze the effects of influencing parameters and their interactions. The effective removal of phosphate up to 90% was achieved within 60 min, at pH 9 and 25 °C temperature using a 150 mg dose of IL-PP. A non-linear method was used for the modeling of isotherm and kinetics. The results showed that the kinetics is best fitted to the Elovich model (R2 = 0.97), which assumes the dominance of the chemisorption mechanism, whereas the isotherm obeys both Langmuir (R2 = 0.98) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.94) models with a maximum phosphate uptake of 49.12 mg·g−1. Investigation of thermodynamic parameters indicated the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the process. These results introduce IL-PP as an efficient bio-adsorbent of phosphate.

Composition dependence of thermo-dynamical and thermo-mechanical properties in SeTeSnGe chalcogenide glasses (ChGs)

In this endeavor, we have synthesized novel quaternary glassy Se78-xTe20Sn2Gex (0 ≤ x ≤ 6) alloys by the well-known rapid cooling of melt under quenching technique, to study the effect of Germanium on thermodynamic and thermo-mechanical properties. In particular, we employed Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique for the investigation of thermodynamic parameters (e.g., specific heat Cp and enthalpy ΔH) in the glass-transition-region (GTR). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiment was run under non-isothermal conditions. The thermo-mechanical parameters i.e., micro-hardness, micro-void volume, the energy of creation of micro-void, elasticity, density, compactness, and molar volume are also calculated. It was observed that there is a large increment in Cp values in the GTR. Further analysis shows that the Cp values above the GTR (i.e., Cp = Cpe equilibrium specific heat) and below the GTR (i.e., Cp = Cpg glass specific heat) are vastly composition dependent. The increment in specific heat value after Ge incorporation is explained in terms of molar volume.

Facile preparation of porous activated carbon under ultrasonic assistance for the Methylene blue removal from aqueous environment: characterization, isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Powdered Peganum Harmala activated carbon (PPAC) was synthesized by a new activation method using ultrasonic waves (with a frequency of 37 KHz for 1 h) after carbonization and application to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. In this experiment, the characteristics of the PPAC were examined through BET, FESEM, and FTIR spectrum. The effects of the initial pH (2–12), the adsorbent’s dose (0.5–4 g L−1), reaction time (2–80 min), initial concentration of the dye (50–300 mg l−1), mixing rate (0–300 rpm), and the solution’s temperature (10 °C–50 °C) in adsorption process were investigated. The results indicated that ultrasonic waves have the significant effect on the carbon activating process. BET analysis indicated that the specific surface area of PPAC before activation was 0.776 m2 g−1 and had increased to 442.14 m2 g−1 following activation by ultrasonic waves. FESEM images showed that significant elevation of the porosity level and development of numerous pores in the activated carbon. FTIR analysis indicates that following the activation, –OH groups have been developed onto the PPAC surfaces. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics were well fitted by the Freundlich and pseudo-second order model. Investigation of thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption process of MB by PPAC is spontaneous, endothermic, and physical.

Investigation on human serum albumin and Gum Tragacanth interactions using experimental and computational methods

The study on the interaction of human serum albumin and Gum Tragacanth, a biodegradable bio-polymer, has been undertaken. For this purpose, several experimental and computational methods were used. Investigation of thermodynamic parameters and mode of interactions were carried out using Fluorescence spectroscopy in 300 and 310K. Also, a Fourier transformed infrared spectra and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was performed. To give detailed insight of possible interactions, docking and molecular dynamic simulations were also applied. Results show that the interaction is based on hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Structural analysis implies on no adverse change in protein conformation during binding of GT. Furthermore, computational methods confirm some evidence on secondary structure enhancement of protein as a presence of combining with Gum Tragacanth.

Fabrication of PET/PAN/GO/Fe3O4 nanofibrous membrane for the removal of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) ions

The performance of PET/PAN/GO/Fe3O4 nanofibrous membrane was investigated for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) ions removing in both bath and membrane systems. The structure and morphology of PET/PAN/GO/Fe3O4 nanofibrous membrane were determined using XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis. The influences of pH, metal ions concentration and operation time on the transport properties of PET/PAN/GO/Fe3O4 nanofibrous membranes were studied in the membrane process. The separation capability of the PET/PAN/GO/Fe3O4 nanofibrous membrane containing GO/Fe3O4 5wt.% was maximum for both Pb(II) and Cr(VI) ions removing. The kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) ions sorption using PAN/GO/Fe3O4 5wt.% nanofibers were also investigated. The sorption data of metal ions onto the PAN/GO/Fe3O4 5wt.% nanofibers were best described by pseudo-second-order and Redlich–Peterson models. The endothermic and spontaneous nature of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) ions sorption using PAN/GO/Fe3O4 5wt.% nanofibers was obtained by investigation of thermodynamic parameters. The reusability of PAN/GO/Fe3O4 nanofibers were carried out for five sorption–desorption cycles.

Investigation of Thermodynamic Parameters of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Designed Exclusively to Improve Generating Large-Scale Electricity Purpose

In present ORC thermodynamic cycle, R245fa, NOVEC700, and R141b as refrigerant working fluids sent to a Heat Exchanger then sent to an Expander to produce electricity, separately. Finally, the remaining working fluid is condensed by a Cooler and it is sent back to the ORC thermodynamic cycle. Current study conducted and analyzed the net power output of Expander, which R141b has a highest amount compare with R245fa, and NOVEC7000. The optimum pressure of working fluids at inlet of Expander has linear relationship with temperature of working fluids at inlet of Expander, with increasing the optimum pressure of working fluids at inlet of Expander, the temperature of working fluids at inlet of Expander is increasing slightly, and then net power Electricity of Expander is increasing, significantly. The efficiency of ORC and thermal efficiency for R245fa, NOVEC7000, and R141b measured at influence of inlet pressure of Expander differences which due to specific different inlet temperature of Expander. The highest, middle, and lowest of ORC efficiency belongs to the R245fa, R141b, and NOVEC7000, respectively. And the highest, middle, and lowest of thermal efficiency belongs to the R141b, NOVEC7000, and R245fa, respectively.

Investigation of Thermodynamic Parameters in the Thermal Decomposition of Plastic Waste−Waste Lube Oil Compounds

Thermal decomposition properties of plastic waste-waste lube oil compounds were investigated under nonisothermal conditions. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were selected as representative household plastic wastes. A plastic waste mixture (PWM) and waste lube oil (WLO) were mixed with mixing ratios of 33, 50, and 67 (w/w) % on a PWM weight basis, and thermogravimetric (TG) experiments were performed from 25 to 600 degrees C. The Flynn-Wall method and the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method were used for analyses of thermodynamic parameters. In this study, activation energies of PWM/WLO compounds ranged from 73.4 to 229.6 kJ/mol between 0.2 and 0.8 of normalized mass conversions, and the 50% PWM/WLO compound had lower activation energies and enthalpies among the PWM/WLO samples at each mass conversion. At the point of maximum differential mass conversion, the analyzed activation energies, enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs free energies indicated that mixing PWM and WLO has advantages in reducing energy to decrease the degree of disorder. However, no difference in overall energy that would require overcoming both thermal decomposition reactions and degree of disorder was observed among PWM/WLO compounds under these experimental conditions.

UP-1.092: Differential Scanning Microcalorimetric Investigation of Thermodynamic Parameters of the Blood Plasma in Men with Prostate Tumors

UP-1.092: Differential Scanning Microcalorimetric Investigation of Thermodynamic Parameters of the Blood Plasma in Men with Prostate Tumors

High-pressure measurements in a homologous series of liquid crystals

Pressure-volume-temperature measurements throughout the nematic phase for the first six members of the homologous series of di-alkoxyazoxybenzenes are reported. These data represent the first investigation of thermodynamic parameters in an homologous series, thus demonstrating the role of the end chains in a specific molecular geometry. Measurements at constant volume permit the conversion of previous orientational order studies at atmospheric pressure to constant-volume conditions. Measurements at constant temperature at the nematic-isotropic phase transition reveal the behavior of the specific volume, volume discontinuity, and volume dependence of the mean-field potential in this series. Finally, the implication of these data on several liquid-crystal theories is explored.