Investigation Of Methanol Research Articles

Biological Fuel Cells

A biofuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electro-biochemical reactions. In this type of cell, biocatalysts, which can be both enzymes and microorganisms or cells, are used to generate electrical energy. Biocatalysts are used in biofuel cells in two ways: 1) Biocatalysts can produce the fuel substrates required for fuel cells by biocatalytic reactions or metabolic processes. 2) Biocatalysts can participate in the electron transport chain between the fuel substrate and the electrode surface. Accordingly, biofuel cells can be divided into two groups: basic microbial cells and basic enzymatic cells. This article reviews the enzymatic fuel cell. These topics are reviewed: 1. Function of enzymatic biofuel cells. 2. Investigation of methanol / oxygen enzymatic biofuel cell. 3. Investigation of surface replacement of apoglucose oxidase on a gold electrode layered with PQQFAD. 4. Examination of samples made of biodiesel based on enzymes layered by enzymes. 5. Investigation of bioelectrocatalytic cathodes made of cyt / cox. 6. Investigation of biofuel cell implants in animals.

Biological Fuel Cells

A biofuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electro-biochemical reactions. In this type of cell, biocatalysts, which can be both enzymes and microorganisms or cells, are used to generate electrical energy. Biocatalysts are used in biofuel cells in two ways: 1) Biocatalysts can produce the fuel substrates required for fuel cells by biocatalytic reactions or metabolic processes.2) Biocatalysts can participate in the electron transport chain between the fuel substrate and the electrode surface. Accordingly, biofuel cells can be divided into two groups: microbial basic cells and enzymatic basic cells.This article reviews the enzymatic fuel cell. These topics are reviewed:1. Function of enzymatic biofuel cells2. Investigation of methanol / oxygen enzymatic biofuel cell3. Investigation of surface replacement of apoglucose oxidase on a gold electrode layered with PQQFAD4. Investigation of bioelectrocatalytic cathodes made of cyt / cox5. Examination of samples made of biodiesel based on enzymes layered by enzymes6. Investigation of biofuel cell implants in animals

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of <i>Toddalia asiatica</i> (Linn) Lam root extracts

Background: Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam is a woody vine that is used medicinally in China, India, and East Africa. The aim of the present study was to examine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the roots of Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam (TA). Materials and Methods: The antioxidant capacity of TA roots was determined using 1,1 iphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2´-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. The antimicrobial activity of TA against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and extended spectrum β-lactamase positive S. aureus (ESBLs-SA) was screened. Results: Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of TA exhibited strong antioxidant activity. The methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH, IC 50 =41.45 μg/mL; ABTS, IC 50 =8.34 μg/mL; FRAP=1304.8 ± 60.38 μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g), which was close to that of the positive control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The petroleum ether extract of TA showed the highest antimicrobial activity (SA, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 250 μg/disc; MRSA, MIC=125 μg/disc) when compared with that of ethyl acetate extract (SA, MIC=250 μg/disc) and methanol extract. Conclusions: Investigation of methanol, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate extracts of TA root revealed robust antioxidant activity in methanol extracts and strong antimicrobial activity against SA and MRSA in petroleum ether extracts. Keywords: Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam; antioxidant; antibacterial

ANTIOXIDANTAND ANTIBACTERIALACTIVITY OF TODDALIA ASIATICA (LINN) LAM ROOT EXTRACTS

Background: Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam is a woody vine that is used medicinally in China, India, and East Africa. The aim of the present study
 was to examine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the roots of Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam (TA).
 Materials and Methods: The antioxidant capacity of TA roots was determined using 1,1 iphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),
 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. The antimicrobial
 activity of TA against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase positive S. aureus
 (ESBLs-SA) was screened.
 Results: Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of TA exhibited strong antioxidant activity. The methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity
 (DPPH, IC50=41.45 μg/mL; ABTS, IC50=8.34 μg/mL; FRAP=1304.8 ± 60.38 μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g), which was close to that of the
 positive control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The petroleum ether extract of TA showed the highest antimicrobial activity (SA, minimum
 inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 250 μg/disc; MRSA, MIC=125 μg/disc) when compared with that of ethyl acetate extract (SA, MIC=250 μg/disc)
 and methanol extract.
 Conclusions: Investigation of methanol, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate extracts of TA root revealed robust antioxidant activity in methanol
 extracts and strong antimicrobial activity against SA and MRSA in petroleum ether extracts.

Hydrogen-bonded assembly of methanol on Cu(111)

Investigation of methanol's surface chemistry on metals is a crucial step towards understanding the reactivity of this important chemical feedstock. Cu is a relevant metal for methanol synthesis and reforming, but due to the weak interaction of methanol with Cu, an atomic scale view of methanol's coverage-dependent ordering and self-assembly on Cu(111), the most abundant facet of most nanoparticles, has not yet been possible. Low and variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy coupled with density functional theory reveal a coverage-dependent range of highly ordered structures stabilized by two hydrogen bonds per molecule. While extended chains that resemble the hydrogen-bonded zigzag structures reported for solid methanol are an efficient way to pack methanol at higher coverages, lower surface coverages yield isolated hexamer units. These hexamers form the same number of hydrogen bonds as the chains but appear to repel one another on the surface. Annealing treatments lead to the desorption of methanol with almost no decomposition. This data serves as a useful guide to both the preferred adsorption geometries and energies of a variety of methanol structures on Cu(111) surfaces as a function of surface coverage.

An investigation of methanol and methanol blended sprays using laser scattering images

The characteristics of methanol and methanol blended (M85) sprays were investigated under atmospheric conditions at various temperatures, ranging from non-vaporizing to vaporizing ambient conditions (298–353 K). From laser scattering images, the macroscopic characteristics of the spray, such as the spray tip penetration and the spray angle, were determined. Entropy concept was introduced to represent homogeneity and PIV analysis was adopted to determine the fluid dynamic information at each location of the spray. The correlation between entropy and vorticity strength enabled us to find their relations. The effect of ambient composition, mainly of viscous effect as affected by CO2 levels, was investigated using PIV and entropy analysis. Spray width and entropy value were found to tend to decrease at increased CO2 levels.

EXAFS studies on the methanol and ethanol solutions of cobalt(II) bromides

The results of an EXAFS investigation of methanol and ethanol solutions of CoBr2 are reported. The curve fitting analysis gives the coordination numbers and the Co−Br and Co-solvent distances. The results for both 0.2M and 3.8M CoBr2 in ethanol show the existence of [CoBr2(C2H5OH)2] as the dominant species, although a considerable amount of octahedral species also exists in the solutions. In 0.2 and 3.3M CoBr2 methanol solutions, the dominant species are [Co(CH3OH)6]2+ and [CoBr(CH3OH)5]+, respectively.