Invaluable Resource For Scholars Research Articles

Exploring the Rich Heritage of Indonesian Cuisine through the Versatile Peanut Ingredient: A Review

Peanuts are widely used in Indonesian cuisine as a source of protein and vital fats, and they provide an exceptional nutritional profile that meets the needs of the country's diet. Peanuts, or "kacang tanah," in Indonesia, immerse an important place in Indonesia's traditional dishes. This study mapped the geographical distribution of 85 different varieties of peanuts used in Indonesian cuisine. This review also documents recent developments in the Indonesian peanut dishes, presenting a pioneering culinary profile that enriches national and international culinary databases. This comprehensive review not only explores the method and background of the study but also sheds light on the historical, cultural, and regional aspects of Indonesian culinary heritage thus serve as an invaluable resource for scholars and researchers in fields such as food science, ethnographic culinary science, gastronomy and cultural studies.

Joshua, Judges, Ruth. Edited by N. Scott Amos

A sequel to the Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture (ACCS) by InterVarsity Press, the 28-volume Reformation Commentary on Scripture (RCS) series provides an invaluable resource for scholars, preachers, and teachers. According to the general editor, Timothy George, and in line with the publisher’s mission to equip the Church, the series’ primary purpose is ‘pastoral and devotional’ (p. xx). Like its predecessor, the RCS sets out pericopes of biblical text of varying lengths in canonical order, followed by excerpts of exegetical biblical commentaries from a wide range of sixteenth-century writers, some of which have not previously been translated into English. The biblical translation provided is the English Standard Version rather than the Revised Standard Version (used in the ACCS), although the series editor, Timothy George, gives no rationale for the choice of translation. Among the key features that makes the series so accessible are its clear layout, editorial summaries, and use of headings. A title introduces each passage of Scripture, as well as each individual excerpt of commentary, sermon, or other writing. There is a brief overview accompanying each pericope from the volume editor that introduces the main themes and observations made by the Reformation writers. At the back of the volume are several valuable resources, including a map of Europe at the time of the Reformation, a timeline that details key events in different parts of Europe, brief biographical sketches of key Reformation thinkers and their works (a cumulative list from the RCS), a bibliography, an index of authors and writings, a subject index, and a Scripture index. These have all been carefully set out to produce a very user-friendly publication.

The Daniel and Alice Ryan Collection

The Daniel and Alice Ryan Collection Joel J. Brattin Daniel Ryan has been collecting Dickens material for six decades. In May of 2018, Dan and his wife Alice decided to donate the bulk of that collection to Gordon Library, at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), in the form of a bequest. This remarkable collection complements WPI’s existing Robert D. Fellman Dickens Collection and provides an invaluable resource for scholars and students. An exhibit including items from the Daniel and Alice Ryan Collection can be viewed at Gordon Library through September 2020. The Ryan Collection is rich in early printed materials such as first editions and original serial parts of Dickens’s works, as well as early printings in English and American newspapers. It is also rich in secondary materials: works of criticism, bibliography, and historical and cultural context. But two other elements are of particular interest: letters and documents, and works of art. Here, I shall give special attention to the letters, and offer a few remarks about the works of art. The collection includes ten letters written by Charles Dickens. The earliest letter, declining an invitation from A. W. Arnold, is undated, but Dickens wrote it from 48 Doughty Street, therefore sometime between 25 March 1837 and 12 December 1839. Unpublished in the Pilgrim Edition (apart from one sentence; Letters 7: 808), the letter reads thus: My Dear Sir I am prevented by another engagement from availing myself of your kind invitation. But if you should see fit to repeat it on some more auspicious occasion, I hope to be more fortunate. Accept my thanks for your kind recollection of me in the matter of the Free List. And believe me Very truly yours Charles Dickens A. W. Arnold Esquire There are two letters from the 1840s. The first, mentioned in Pilgrim (4: 61) but not published there, is addressed to G. Herbert Rodwell, who wrote [End Page 83] songs for Edward Stirling’s stage adaptation of A Christmas Carol. Dickens grants the music publisher D’Almaine & Co. his permission to reproduce one of John Leech’s illustrations, “Scrooge’s Third Visitor,” in the sheet music: Devonshire Terrace Saturday Second March 1844 Dear Sir I have been out of town, or I would have answered your letter before – Mr. D’Almaine is at perfect liberty to use the Lithograph for the purpose proposed. And pray thank that gentleman in my name for the handsome book he had so kindly sent me by your hands. Faithfully Yours, Charles Dickens G. Herbert Rodwell Esquire The next letter, wholly unpublished, is written to the playwright John B. Buckstone; undated, it is almost certainly from 7 April 1847. The letter is written and signed by Dickens, but also signed by Dickens’s friends, the artists Clarkson Stanfield and Daniel Maclise: My Dear Sir Stanfield, Maclise, and I are going to the Adelphi tonight to see your new piece. Have you got such a thing as a Box to bestow on us? If so, your petitioners will ever pray etc. As witness our hands Charles Dickens C. Stanfield Daniel Maclise J. B. Buckstone Esquire In a letter to Forster of 9 April 1847 Dickens writes “we got a box from Buckstone (Stanny, Mac, and I), and went to the Adelphi the night before last” (5: 55). The “new piece” was Buckstone’s The Flowers of the Forest: A Gypsy Story, which had opened 11 March 1847. A cache of 14 letters written by Dickens to Georgiana Morson, the governess of Urania Cottage, was discovered in 2001 among the belongings of Morson’s descendant, and were offered at auction. Dan Ryan was the only collector outside of Europe to acquire a letter from this cache at the time. This letter, dated 13 January 1854, treats financial matters and mentions Angela Burdett-Coutts; it is published in the Pilgrim Edition (12: 655). Another letter, dated 19 June 1857, has been paraphrased, but not yet published in full, in Pilgrim (12: 678). The letter is to William Hepworth [End Page 84] Dixon, and pertains to a charitable committee organized in memory of Douglas Jerrold, who died eleven days earlier: My dear Dixon I have adopted your...

The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 1)

The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 1)

The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 1)

The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 1)

The Ashgate research companion to lesbian and gay activism

The Ashgate Research Companion to Lesbian and Gay Activism provides scholars and students with a comprehensive and authoritative state-of-the-art review of the current research in this subject. Each of the 22 specially commissioned chapters develops and summarises their key issue or debate in relation to activism-that is the claims, strategies and mobilisations (including internal debates and divisions, impediments and state responses) of the lesbian and gay movement. By drawing together leading scholars from political science, sociology, anthropology and history this companion provides an up to the minute snapshot of current scholarship as well as signposting several fruitful avenues for future research. This book is both an invaluable resource for scholars and an indispensable teaching tool for use in the classroom.

Towards a More Comprehensive Approach in International Investment Law

International investment law is in transition. Whereas the prevailing mindset has always been the protection of the economic interests of individual investors, new developments in international investment law have brought about a paradigm shift. There is now more than ever before an interest in a more inclusive, transparent, and public regime.Shifting Paradigms in International Investment Law, edited by Steffen Hindelang and Markus Krajewski, addresses these changes against the background of the UNCTAD framework to reform investment treaties. The book analyses how the investment treaty regime has changed and how it ought to be changing to reconcile private property interests and the state's duty to regulate in the public interest. In doing so, the volume tracks attempts in international investment law to recalibrate itself towards a more balanced, less isolated, and increasingly diversified regime.By bringing together a geographically and ideologically diverse team of academics and practitioners to engage with the issues, the individual chapters of this edited volume address the contents of investment agreements, the system of dispute settlement, the interrelation of investment agreements with other areas of public international law, constitutional questions, and new regional perspectives from South Africa, Europe, Latin America, and the Pacific Rim Region. Together they provide an invaluable resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers.The paper at hand is the intro to the book.

The Pedagogy of the Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives: A Survey

This study examines pedagogical uses of the Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives (DALN), an online, publicly available, searchable database of autobiographical stories about literacy development. The DALN aspires to make visible the everyday literacy practices of ordinary people, a mission that makes it an invaluable resource for scholars and teachers. In particular, the DALN offers opportunities to deepen and complicate pedagogical approaches to literacy narratives in composition, rhetoric, and literacy studies. This article briefly reviews the historical uses of literacy narratives in composition courses before turning to current experiments incorporating the DALN. Based on surveys and conversations with instructors, the authors categorize and synthesize various approaches, providing specific examples and instructors’ reflections that offer insights and highlight areas of concern. The final discussion considers what this research suggests about best practices and critical questions for educators interested in using the DALN in their teaching.

Robert Frost, Man of Letters

Abstract This volume of Frost's collected letters, the first of four volumes to be issued by Harvard University Press, makes an auspicious start on an important literary project. The letters themselves—whether persuasive, appreciative, or explorative in intent—are arresting in their clarity and immediacy, their humor and tact, everywhere revealing a craftsman of language in service of an original mind and complex personality. While creating an epistolary autobiography in their self-revelation, they provide a fascinating window into the poetry and literary history of the early twentieth century. The volume is superbly edited. Its introductions and notes, indexes and appendixes are thorough without being cumbersome, offering a rewarding experience to anyone with a serious interest in Frost and an invaluable resource for scholars. The next three volumes, if done as well, as we have every reason to expect, will complete a fitting tribute to one of our greatest and most unusual poets.

Robert Frost, Man of Letters

Abstract This volume of Frost's collected letters, the first of four volumes to be issued by Harvard University Press, makes an auspicious start on an important literary project. The letters themselves—whether persuasive, appreciative, or explorative in intent—are arresting in their clarity and immediacy, their humor and tact, everywhere revealing a craftsman of language in service of an original mind and complex personality. While creating an epistolary autobiography in their self-revelation, they provide a fascinating window into the poetry and literary history of the early twentieth century. The volume is superbly edited. Its introductions and notes, indexes and appendixes are thorough without being cumbersome, offering a rewarding experience to anyone with a serious interest in Frost and an invaluable resource for scholars. The next three volumes, if done as well, as we have every reason to expect, will complete a fitting tribute to one of our greatest and most unusual poets.

Foto Arte Minore: The Max Hutzel Collection of Photographs of Art and Architecture in Italy

AbstractFoto Arte Minore represents the life's work of the German photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1913–88), who photographed the art and architecture of provincial Italy for 30 years. His archive of one million photographs is housed in the Photo Archive of the Getty Research Institute and represents an invaluable resource for scholars studying Italian art. At the time of the Photo Archive's acquisition of Foto Arte Minore, less than one-tenth of these photographs were known or available to scholars. In recent years the interdisciplinary use of these photographs has exposed their historiographic significance and their unrealized research potential.

A Bibliographic Note and Bibliography on Bakhtinian Studies in Poetry

The “Bibliographic Note and Bibliography on Bakhtinian Studies in Poetry” contains a brief bibliographical note on the subject matter, followed by a bibliography with more than 160 entries. The Note describes the content of the Bibliography, the consensus in the scholarship on Bakhtin’s theory of poetry, and my reconsideration of that agreement in my dissertation: A Bakhtinian Reading of a Selection of Poems by Holderlin and Whitman” (Purdue University 2010; DAI-A 72/03). The relationship between my Bibliography and the Analytical Database of the Bakhtin Centre is also sketched. The Bibliography, the largest of its kind, should be an invaluable resource for scholars.

Small and Special (review)

Reviewed by: Small and Special Bruce Lindsay Small and Special. Online database of patient records: http://www.smallandspecial.org/ (Centre for Local History at Kingston University, London) Small and Special is a searchable online database of patient records from the Hospital for Sick Children, London (better known as "Great Ormond Street"). The database, established by the Centre for Local History at Kingston University with funding principally from the Wellcome Trust, contains the records of more than eighty thousand children admitted to the hospital from its opening in 1852 until the end of 1914. It should prove to be an invaluable resource for scholars and students. The design of the site is uninspired but straightforward. The pages are predominantly text based, with relatively few images, and although this offers the user a rather bland Web site design it does help to ensure that pages load quickly and smoothly. Some sections, such as the "featured patient" on the homepage, change regularly to offer repeat visitors some variation in content. For each child in the database, records are provided on personal details, admission dates, diagnosis, admitting doctor, and outcome on discharge. These details are presented in a standard format on screen and can be saved or printed. This makes them easy to read and interrogate, but they feel somewhat sterile and out of context. The database also contains detailed case notes for a small proportion of the children: those admitted between 1852 and 1874 who were included in fourteen volumes of case notes kept by Great Ormond Street's founding physician, Dr. Charles West. These records are available in PDF format and for the medical or healthcare historian are probably the most valuable aspect of the database. The use of PDFs gives us the chance to study not only the content of the notes but also their structure and organization. Although they can be difficult to read on screen, they can be downloaded or printed. Registration, which is quick and free of charge, enables the use of a comprehensive set of search categories: the casual visitor to the site can take advantage of limited search facilities without registering. Individual children can be searched for by name, offering a simple approach for those interested in tracing their family members but carrying with it a small risk that potentially embarrassing information could be misused. Searches can also be made by dates of admission, district of residence, diagnosis, outcome, or any combination of these. The search can also be limited to return only those children with full case notes. Three diagnostic classifications are used: a standardized set of disease and symptom names and a standardized disease group classification, both developed by the project team, and the International Classification of Diseases (10th Edition) [ICD-10]. This overcomes the problem of searching using only the original diagnoses as these were applied inconsistently in the hospital records. Records seem to have been transcribed with a high degree of accuracy but it is still likely that some mistakes have occurred, and a response link is available on the site for users to report any transcription errors. The database is easy to use and already has more than two thousand registered users. Most of these are from the field of family history and the project team is keen [End Page 920] to expand into other fields. Readily accessible and with a comprehensive choice of search categories, Small and Special offers an insight into the first sixty years of Great Ormond Street and the children who were treated there. The planned expansion, including the addition of more case notes and of the records from two other London children's hospitals, will enhance its value to scholars. I would also hope to see the inclusion of more information about the staff, such as nurse training programs or recruitment details, and the addition of committee minutes and other administrative materials: these would enable us to better understand the hospital as an institution as well as the children cared for on its wards. Bruce Lindsay University of East Anglia Copyright © 2008 The Johns Hopkins University Press

Medici Women. Portraits of Power, Love and Betrayal from the Court of Duke Cosimo I

Often used but little understood, the word 'sustainability' is potent in its ability to evoke a better world based on economic, social, and environmental justice. The concept of sustainability, however, has been strikingly under-theorized. Sustainability and the Civil Commons provides what has been lacking since the publication of the Brundtland Report - a firm foundation and a clear vision of alternatives. Using rural communities as her reference-point, Jennifer Sumner exposes the unsustainable impacts of corporate globalization, and develops a framework to explain why current definitions of sustainability are profoundly inadequate. From this foundation, she allies sustainability with the concept of the civil commons - including universal healthcare, environmental protocols, workplace safety regulations, and public education - demonstrating how globalizing the civil commons, not corporate-sponsored trade treaties, opens the way for truly 'sustainable globalization'. Sustainability and the Civil Commons moves beyond rural roots through Antonio Gramsci's model of hegemony, Jurgen Habermas's theory of communicative action, and John McMurtry's life-value ethics to build a comprehensive understanding of sustainability that combines global reach with local focus. It will be an invaluable resource for scholars and practitioners interested in sustainability, globalization, community development, and rural studies.

Human Rights and the Global Marketplace: Economic, Social and Cultural Dimensions (review)

Reviewed by: Human Rights and the Global Marketplace: Economic, Social and Cultural Dimensions Barbara Stark (bio) Jeanne M. Woods & Hope Lewis, Human Rights and the Global Marketplace: Economic, Social and Cultural Dimensions (Ardsley, NY, Transnational Publishers2005); ISBN 1571052747; 959 pp. The human rights community has waited a long time for Human Rights and the Global Marketplace, which explicates—and vindicates—long-neglected economic, social and cultural rights.1 It provides a thorough and rigorous introduction to their theoretical foundations, a gripping and scholarly account of their historical development, and an illuminating up-to-the-minute guide to their practical applications throughout the world. It is a stunning achievement. There have, of course, been precursors, and Professors Jeanne M. Woods and Hope Lewis introduce a new generation of human rights lawyers to the groundbreaking work of Louis Henkin,2 Abjørn Eide,3 Philip Alston, and Henry Steiner,4 as well as rising stars like Antony Anghie,5 Karen Engle,6 and Makau wa Mutua.7 But this book could not have been written until the dust had settled from the end of the Cold War and it would not be so urgently needed had it appeared before what the authors aptly characterize as the turmoil of globalization. Human Rights and the Global Marketplace, in short, is the right book at the right time.8 [End Page 515] Even as globalization has brought unprecedented prosperity to some, it has brought unprecedented impoverishment to many. The polarization between the richest and the poorest is enormous, and growing. The Preface notes the tension between resistance to rights and the selective neoliberal embrace of some rights and asks whether post-World War II frameworks can in fact respond to twenty-first century realities. Even if economic, social and cultural rights are requisite to the enjoyment of any rights, how can they be assured for the most vulnerable? Human Rights and the Global Marketplace provides a powerful set of analytic tools for justifying, understanding, and realizing these rights. This review describes the scope and organization of the project, noting some of the highlights and the daunting problems that remain. The book is divided into four free-standing but complementary parts: I. Discursive Themes, II. International Instruments and Their Implementation, III. Power, Politics, and Poverty: Structural Challenges to the Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and IV. Comparative Approaches. As the authors helpfully illustrate in their Preface, this modular structure offers instructors a broad range of options. Once the foundational material of the first part is grasped, the instructor can proceed to any of the other parts, depending on the objectives of the course. Drawing on politics, economics, history, philosophy, and law, each part carefully builds on the reader's knowledge, making an otherwise overwhelming range of material manageable. The result is a volume that serves both as a student-friendly introduction to a complex and unfamiliar area of the law, and as an invaluable resource for scholars with a working knowledge of economic rights in general seeking a more recondite grasp of a particular right or application. Part I introduces the major themes of the volume and serves as a compelling introduction to human rights, accessible to undergraduates but equally rewarding for more sophisticated graduate and law students. Chapter 1, Global Narratives/Global Realities, begins with a collection of unforgettable stories, vividly illustrating the effects of the denial of economic rights.9 As philosopher Richard Rorty observes, such stories drive human rights by enabling the reader to emphasize with those denied them.10 They teach compassion. Lewis and Woods are demanding teachers, however, and these stories and data are also intended to stimulate rigorous analysis and challenge feel-good assumptions. The materials in Chapter 1 begin with three provocative questions: (1) Why should any of these issues rise to the level of a human rights concern?; (2) If the problems described are human rights violations, who are the respective rights-holders and duty-holders and what remedies would be appropriate?; and (3) How would you rank the issues in comparison to classic violations of civil and political rights, for example, reports of torture of political prisoners?11 The authors suggest that students revisit these...

The Literature of the Book (review)

Reviewed by: The Literature of the Book J. G. Matthews The Literature of the Book. Marlow, U.K.: LOGOS, 2005. vii, 120 pp. $15.00 (paper). ISBN 1-86156-4910. Also published as LOGOS, volume 15, issue 3 (2004), The Literature of the Book is an invaluable resource for scholars and practitioners of the book professions. The brief introduction outlines the history of the project and its scope and explains the method the journal's U.K. and U.S. editors, Gordon Graham and Richard Abel, respectively, utilized to identify the contents of and contributors to this volume. They intended to create a bibliographic tool of international scope that would allow institutions and individuals interested in the book professions to collect the "best books written by, about and for them" (v). The resultant volume consists of nineteen essays from contributors who represent various book-related disciplines and topics, including indexing, marketing, e-books, and retail bookselling. Graham and Abel invited contributors to explore different facets of "seven domains of the book world," which form the functional elements of Graham's "matrix of the book" (iv): authorship, editing, production, publishing, bookselling, librarianship, and readership (v). Each chapter conforms to a conventional structure that features critical comments followed by bibliographic citations. Beyond this organizational similarity, however, the contents of each chapter vary in length and detail and are presented in diverse and unique ways that reflect each author's interpretation of the editorial charge. [End Page 98] This diverse presentation of ideas is one of the book's strengths. On one level, it suggests that the book professions are dynamic and continue to thrive even as we witness the advent of a global, decentralized, digital information age. While the contributors are credible experts in their fields, the editors admirably delineate revealing connections between seemingly divergent chapters and topics. Beth Luey and Richard Abel's bibliography in their chapter on book history (6–10), for example, anticipates insights and resources further developed in Jack Walsdorf's chapter on contemporary publishing (39–45). These compelling and sometimes surprising connections between chapters provide convincing evidence of the relationships described in Graham's "matrix of the book" described above as well as a conceptual unity to the volume that underscores its relevance for book professionals. Although the editors originally wanted The Literature of the Book to have an international scope, this volume's contents focus on book professions in the West, especially in Europe and North America. Notable exceptions to this trend are Eric Newman's chapter, "Reference" (60–65), and Jane Dorner's chapter, "Electronic Books" (71–79). In addition, while the breadth and depth of coverage in this book is impressive, some areas relevant to the book professions—preservation, for instance—are lacking. Still, these deficiencies, if they can be so called, do not undermine the usefulness of this elegant and modestly priced resource. Those who work in libraries will find Michael Gorman's chapter on libraries and librarianship particularly insightful. In truth, though, the topics addressed in The Literature of the Book intersect with and elaborate on each other in such interesting ways that the volume as a whole deserves a discerning read by anyone invested in book culture. I highly recommend it. J. G. Matthews Washington State University, Pullman Copyright © 2007 University of Texas Press

The Forgotten Centuries Indians and Europeans in the American South, 1521-1704 (review)

The Forgotten Centuries Indians and Europeans in the American South, 1 521-1704 Edited by Charles Hudson and Carmen Chaves Tesser University of Georgia Press, 1994 472 pp. Cloth, $50.00; paper, $25.00 Reviewed by Sarah H. Hill, independent scholar in Adanta, Georgia. A graduate of the Institute for the Liberal Arts at Emory University, she has recendy completed Weaving New Worlds: A History ofSoutheastern Cherokee Women and TheirBasketry, to be published in July of 1997. In this rich and dense volume, Charles Hudson and Carmen Chaves Tesser have brought together anthropologists, archaeologists, and historians to reconstruct the world of southeastern interior American Indians in die two centuries between initial Spanish contact and the English founding of Charles Town. These are forgotten centuries, according to the editors, that are missing from surveys of American history as well as from the memories of eighteenth-century southeastern natives. While the latter is an assumption that cannot be tested, the former is regrettably true. The editors attribute such pervasive historical amnesia to diverse sources, including the bias of Anglocentric historians, special research problems associated widi records of these two centuries, and a traditional lack of collaboration between anthropologists and historians. This publication brings to the forefront the forgotten centuries of Native and European American history and renders obsolete the tide of the book. The volume is an invaluable resource for scholars and students of the American South. Divided into four sections, seventeen articles include the most recent scholarship on Spanish explorations, new models ofsocial systems, and lucid summaries of knowledge accumulated in the past decade. The sections and essays widiin them are arranged chronologically by subject from the earliest sixteenth-century Spanish abduction of Native Americans to eighteenth-century Native formation ofnew polities. The organization underscores the dramatic change among interior Natives that the papers detail. The first section, "Exploration of the Southeast," relies most heavily on published and unpublished Spanish documents to trace early Spanish expeditions and the interior groups they confronted. AnthropologistJohn Scarry establishes the framework for the entire volume in "The Late Prehistoric Southeast." By sketching varied environmental zones, Scarry verifies the complexity of Native Reviews 91 societies that successfully adapted to them before developing into chiefdoms in the Mississippian period. Three subsequent papers in the first section reconstruct routes ofSpanish explorers. In two consecutive essays ("Lucas Vaquez de Ayllon's Discovery and Colony" and "Narvaez and Cabeza de Vaca in Florida"), historian Paul Hoffman continues his work ofexplicating the confused explorations ofthe earliest conquistadors, whose landing sites and journey routes await archaeological verification. Anthropologist Charles Hudson presents his long-anticipated reconstruction of the route of the Hernando de Soto expedition of 1 5 39 to 1 543, which will engender lively debate among geographers, archaeologists, and historians for some time. Hudson does not argue his case in this volume, but clearly delineates the proposed route for others to examine. The first section's final essay, by archaeologistJohn Worth, examines late Spanish military expeditions in the interior Southeast from 1 597 to 1628. These litde-known or -reported entradas marked the last contact between interior Indians and the Spanish military. Worth's articulate contribution indicates the kinds of information that can be gleaned from previously untranslated Spanish documents. While the first section concentrates on Spanish explorations, four essays in the second draw from archaeological data to focus on the Native polities the Spanish encountered. "The Southeastern Indian Chiefdoms" begins with anthropologist Randolph Widmer's fundamental model for "The Structure of Southeastern Chiefdoms." In the absence ofadequate ethnographic data, such models can help interpret incomplete and contradictory records. The remaining essays in the second section undertake the reconstruction of specific chiefdoms and collectively document differences between Mississippian polities in different areas of the Southeast. These articles also reveal the kinds of disagreements about chiefdom size, location, and primacy that engage contemporary scholars. Combining Spanish documents and historical analyses with archaeological data,John Scarry's second essay details the emergence and dissolution of"The Apalachee Chiefdom: A Mississippian Society on the Fringe ofthe Mississippian World." Focusing on the interior Piedmont, archaeologist Mark Williams utilizes a decade of research to explicate the formation, consolidation, and abandonment of the Oconee Province chiefdom. Questions...

Women Singing In The Snow: A Cultural Analysis of Chicana Literature by Tey Diana Rebolledo

406 Western American Literature of an index necessitate hunting for specific items. This compilation is best suited for readers intending to read through it page by page and perhaps tab sections of special interest to themselves. A brief Preface explains that the selected novelists have been chosen because they “came to prominence in the 1930’s, 1940’s, and 1950’s.” Each listing is preceded by a short, useful account of the author’s literary importance, major points of critical attention, and several plausible topics for further research. Although no bibliography is ever complete, Kich has scoured the territory well for germane writings, including stray items as well as the more important primary and secondary works. Readers of Clark, Davis, Fisher, et al., will find Western American Novelists valu­ able—expensive but informative and clear. Future volumes with additional authors of the period are promised. SANFORD E. MAROVITZ Kent State University Women Singing In The Snow: A Cultural Analysis of Chicana Literature. By Tey Diana Rebolledo. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1995. 250 pages, $35.00/$16.95.) This work is presented as the first book-length analysis of the Chicana literary tradition, and Rebolledo has done an admirable job of covering an immense amount of previously uncharted territory. As she points out in her introduction, “not a single article on Chicana literature by a Chicana critic has been published in . . . PMLA, Critical Inquiry, or other mainstream journals.” Women Singing is not an in-depth, critical examination nor a deeply theoret­ ical work, but it does place Chicana writers and theorists within a living sociohistorical and cultural context. Rebolledo begins with a look at some of the earliest MexicanAmerican women whose stories were collected as oral histories, cuentos, and estorias, linking them to the later, more well-known works of Nina Otrero-Warren, Cleofas Jaramillo, and Fabiola Cabeza de Baca, among the first Chicanas to be published in English. Chapters three and four are devoted to detailed examina­ tions of the ways in which Chicanas have claimed and altered liter­ Reviews 407 ary myths and archetypes, from the Aztec goddess Coatlicue to La Llorona and the figure of the curandera/bruja. Rebolledo includes extensive discussion of the work of other Chicana critics like Maria Herrera-Sobek, Alvina Quintana, and Gloria Anzaldua, as well as some examination of male theorists. One of the most interesting ideas Rebolledo tackles is how Chicana literature fits within the postmodern. That many texts pro­ duced by Chicanas contain multiple voices and shifting subjectivi­ ties, she says, implicates them as typically postmodern. However, Rebolledo rejects the idea of “the death or absence of the speaking subject.” Chicana writers are actively and deliberately articulating their identities, they simply do so in a manner unlike that of their white or male counterparts. Her discussion of postmodernity follows closely a fascinating examination of the role of recipes and the claiming of authorial power. From Cleofas Jaramillo’s indignant 1939 response to inaccu­ rate portrayals of New Mexican recipes to Laura Esquivel’s best­ selling Like Water for Chocolate, Rebolledo posits that Chicanas’ critical strategies are often formed around metaphors of cooking, an act which she describes as “cooking the texts” and one which forms a gendered line of authority stretching back to mothers, grandmoth­ ers, and great-grandmothers. SARA L. SPURGEON University of Arizona Dictionary of Native American Literature. Edited by Andrew Wiget. (New York: Garland, 1994. 598 pages, $95.00.) This handsome volume is an invaluable resource for scholars, teachers, and general readers of Native American literature. The book consists of a brief introduction and three sections—oral litera­ tures, the historical emergence of American Indian writing, and the Native American Renaissance from 1967 on. The sections begin with critical overviews (by Andrew Wiget, A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff, and Joseph Bruchac) that help orient readers to the discus­ sions of genres, archetypes, and individual writers that follow. The work of fifty-two scholars in over seventy essays is represented in a ...

Who's who in Mexico today

The second edition of this comprehensive biographical dictionary includes profiles of more than four hundred leaders in cultural, political, military, government, and private-sector spheres. Information for each individual includes date and place of birth, education, elective political positions, governmental posts, interest group activity and membership in professional organizations, personal data, and military experience. The original edition of this comprehensive biographical dictionary of contemporary public figures in Mexico was the first of its kind to appear in forty years. In the second edition more than four hundred figures are profiled, including leaders in cultural, political, military, governmental, and private-sector spheres. Over half of the biographies in the first edition have been updated; 15 percent are altogether new.For each individual, the author has provided information on date and place of birth, education, elective political positions and party positions, government positions, interest group activity and membership in professional organizations, personal data, and military experience. Especially useful is the inclusion of difficult-to-obtain information on individuals backgrounds and references to sources of information in both English and Spanish. The book is an invaluable resource for scholars, journalists, and consultants.