Introspective Approach Research Articles

Chinese Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Professional Engagement

This study aims to examine the key factors influencing teacher job satisfaction and professional engagement among educators in China, with the objective of shedding light on the intricate relationship between these dimensions within the educational context. The study comprises a sample of 262 primary and secondary school teachers, situated in the region of Northern Guangdong, China. The study utilizes the Work Engagement Scale, Work Values Scale, and Job Satisfaction Scale to assess various aspects of the research topic. To get meaningful results, the study applies rigorous statistical methods such as t-tests, F-tests, correlation analyses, and regression analyses. These analytical techniques are used to gain valuable insights from the data. The findings highlight a critical need for the implementation of comprehensive policy initiatives. Teachers demonstrate significantly diminished levels of satisfaction, especially in relation to remuneration, workload, availability of classroom materials, presence of supportive leadership, and the equilibrium between professional and personal life. Simultaneously, their level of professional involvement in domains related to their dedication to student achievement, passion, introspective approach, originality, and support for education is notably lacking. The results of this research provide insight into the need of implementing transformational policies that focus on improving teacher job satisfaction and professional engagement in order to strengthen the foundation of excellent education in China.

Incorporating Signal Awareness in Source Code Modeling: An Application to Vulnerability Detection

AI models of code have made significant progress over the past few years. However, many models are actually not learning task-relevant source code features. Instead, they often fit non-relevant but correlated data, leading to a lack of robustness and generalizability, and limiting the subsequent practical use of such models. In this work, we focus on improving the model quality through signal awareness , i.e., learning the relevant signals in the input for making predictions. We do so by leveraging the heterogeneity of code samples in terms of their signal-to-noise content. We perform an end-to-end exploration of model signal awareness, comprising: (i) uncovering the reliance of AI models of code on task-irrelevant signals, via prediction-preserving input minimization; (ii) improving models’ signal awareness by incorporating the notion of code complexity during model training, via curriculum learning; (iii) improving models’ signal awareness by generating simplified signal-preserving programs and augmenting them to the training dataset; and (iv) presenting a novel interpretation of the model learning behavior from the perspective of the dataset, using its code complexity distribution. We propose a new metric to measure model signal awareness, Signal-aware Recall, which captures how much of the model’s performance is attributable to task-relevant signal learning. Using a software vulnerability detection use-case, our model probing approach uncovers a significant lack of signal awareness in the models, across three different neural network architectures and three datasets. Signal-aware Recall is observed to be in the sub-50s for models with traditional Recall in the high 90s, suggesting that the models are presumably picking up a lot of noise or dataset nuances while learning their logic. With our code-complexity-aware model learning enhancement techniques, we are able to assist the models toward more task-relevant learning, recording up-to 4.8× improvement in model signal awareness. Finally, we employ our model learning introspection approach to uncover the aspects of source code where the model is facing difficulty, and we analyze how our learning enhancement techniques alleviate it.

Smooth Criminals

With the ever-growing popularity of the true crime and crime fiction genres, identifying, recognizing, and ultimately changing the harmful narratives that often lie within them is imperative. The cultural significance of these stories cannot be overstated, and leaving them without critique only creates more space for discriminatory and criminalizing portrayals. The lack of intersectionality in both crime fiction and true crime is a paradoxical issue, which can only be solved through accountability and intervention. While many authors have made strides to recognize and diversify tropes in the genre, it still remains largely catered to and biased toward the dominant population (whether it be class, race, gender, etc.). That is why our hope with this journal is to help readers explore and examine the tropes and inequities in crime media and literature as well as within real-life socio-economic contexts. Each essay provides a different perspective on various complex issues within the genre, offering a critical understanding of popular crime literature, film, and media. Throughout the journal, we encourage our readers to take an introspective approach to their own interactions with crime media and the significance of their personal consumption of it.

Does Madness Really Exist? An autobiographical analysis of psychosis as a response to trauma and not a ‘mad’ state of mind

The relatively new method of autoethnography as valid research is used in this paper. The method combines a personal and introspective approach with the academic research method. By reflecting on her experience of psychosis, the first author (LF) attempts to show how psychotic symptoms, such as delusions or paranoid perceptions, have a symbolic meaning and could relate to previous traumatic experiences. She uses Winnicott’s concept of the ‘true’ and the ‘false’ self and applies it to psychotic illness. Using auto-ethnographic details of her experiences, she indicates how trauma, and associated falsification of its understanding, led to distortion, i‧e., a false reality, a symptom typically associated with psychosis. A brief comparison is then made of her experience to two other published auto-biographical cases. In light of this self-analysis and careful reading of key psychoanalytic texts, the author explores and explains what, in her experience, may lead people to act in a manner not typical of their true being and how this might explain the rare dangerous behaviour that can occur in some psychotic cases. The understanding of psychosis as ‘madness’ (i‧e., to be without reason) is revealed to be due to lack of understanding of its possible underlying causes.

المضامين الأخلاقية والأُسْرِيَّة في حديث: )الخَزِيْرَة( دراسة حديثية

This research is concerned with studying the Hadith of Aisha, may God rest her soul, in mentioning the incident of time in the house of the Prophet Mohammed. The key objectives of this research are to study the Hadith via collecting its methods, considering its attribution, collecting its words in the books of Hadith, analyzing it, editing the meanings of its strangeness, and indicating the moral implications. This research uses the analytical and introspective approach. The results of which were: the great need to interrogate the texts of Hadiths relating to family and morals, to reveal the provisions that govern the limits of dealing with spouses and alert a number of provisions of hospitality and permission. The most prominent recommendations: that scientific and social institutions should go to produce encyclopedias in (marital rights), (family etiquette) and (provisions and morals of polygamy); derived from the texts of Hadith and incidents of the Prophet's house.

Privacy concerns and the prevalence of third-party tracking cookies on ARL library homepages

PurposeThe integration of third-party resources on library websites may be inadvertently contributing to surveillance technologies without user knowledge. This study set out to determine the prevalence of third-party tracking cookies on Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member homepages, the entities that are tracking users and for what purpose and what control users have over their cookie preferences.Design/methodology/approachHomepages from the 124 ARL member libraries were visited. Evidence of a privacy or cookie statement was collected and cookie logs were captured. This data were compared against the Disconnect list of known trackers and analyzed to determine the extent to which third-party tracking cookies were used across ARL sites, who was setting the cookies and for what purpose, and whether this use differed with regards to a library's identifying features.FindingsIt was determined that many ARL libraries do contribute to the ability to track a user's activity across the web, with one-third containing third-party tracking cookies. A user's contact with tracking cookies is influenced by various traits defining the institution. Users are given very little control over the cookies logged on their machines.Originality/valueThis study explores library efforts to protect user privacy, adopting an introspective approach that focuses on library websites. It will provide discussion points for librarians to question not only what third-party tracking cookies are present on their sites and why, but also how to educate their users about privacy issues.

Placing an ethical brand: the Fairtrade Towns movement

ABSTRACT This study explores the relatively new potential of places to ethically enhance their branding through accreditation under the Fairtrade Towns (FTT) scheme. It presents insights from a qualitative study of marketing practices across eleven UK FTTs, focussing on the activists who establish these initiatives to facilitate and promote FT consumption within their communities. FTT accreditation is revealed as a grassroots local branding initiative that can work symbiotically with the place brand through connections to other fundamental aspects of a place’s identity and character, or even by playing a ‘redemptive’ role. FTT status encourages a less introspective approach to place branding by connecting with distant producer communities and encouraging tourists and residents to reconsider their consumption in the context of the socio-environmental realities of global supply chains.

An Introspective Approach: A Lifetime of Parkinson's Disease Research and Not Much to Show for it Yet?

I feel part of a massive effort to understand what is wrong with motor systems in the brain relating to Parkinson’s disease. Today, the symptoms of the disease can be modified slightly, but dopamine neurons still die; the disease progression continues inexorably. Maybe the next research phase will bring the power of modern genetics to bear on halting, or better, preventing cell death. The arrival of accessible human neuron assemblies in organoids perhaps will provide a better access to the processes underlying neuronal demise.

Corpus approach to analysis of artefact metaphors in Terry Pratchett’s “Discwold” series

Today, corpus linguistics expands our understanding of various phenomena in linguistics and literature, because with the help of a computer automation scheme, as a rule, numerous words are analysed with great efficiency and accuracy. The corpus-based approach revealed many fascinating facts about conceptual schemes that were not known in advance and, in fact, that would be impossible to learn with a traditional, introspective approach. Metaphors play an important role in our cognition and communication, and the interpretation of metaphors is important for the processing of natural language. From a higher theoretical point of view, we rely on the thesis that human behaviour and reasoning are somehow mediated by metaphors and that metaphors used by people may in some ways reflect their world view. For example, artefact metaphors demonstrate a person’s perception of a certain abstract concept in the image of a particular object. In general, conceptual metaphors allow us to understand the source domain through the prism of the target one. Previously, examples of metaphors studied in the theoretical literature were literary or fictional, but over time the cognitive approach led to the transition to the use of corpus linguistics, and its research methods allow analysis on the basis of literary works. The study of metaphor on the basis of corpus differs from the traditional study of metaphor in that it can be both qualitative and quantitative. But the qualitative aspect still requires careful reading of passages of text, sometimes full texts, and without proper detection of metaphorical expressions frequencies remain only numbers. Probably, it is possible to tell with accuracy that for the last some decades corpus methods have proved as the basic empirical paradigm in linguistics. They have been deeply applied to research questions concerning all levels of language structure and many aspects of language use. The field of metaphor research lags behind this dynamic, but recently a number of researchers have begun to correct this situation by laying the methodological foundations for a strong emphasis on reliable data.

A Forgotten Name in the History of Russian Psychology: Mikhail Ivanovich Vladislavlev

M. I. Valdislavlev was professor of philosophy at St Petersburg Imperial University who taught and wrote about psychology for three decades until his death in 1900; some of his students later developed the new psychology in Russia, before and after the Revolution. He had training in German philosophy, but many of the introspective investigations that he published also resonated with moral and ethical teachings of Russian Orthodoxy, reflecting his early training in the religious academy. Valdislavlev’s primary methods were introspection and linguistic analysis, and he carried out elaborate investigations of the will and the imagination. By 1924 the new Soviet government favored objective, experimental approaches and virtually proscribed “spiritual” psychology, leaving some questions open: did the teaching of Vladislavlev disappear, or was it absorbed into other trends in Soviet psychology? Are introspective approaches still relevant for psychological research today?

KVMInspector: KVM Based introspection approach to detect malware in cloud environment

Cloud security is of paramount importance in this new era of computing. There are various security challenges in which researchers are still working on. Malware detection is one such domain. However, most of the work, mainly focuses on In-VM security techniques which can be evaded easily by malicious users. In this paper, we have proposed a dynamic analysis based introspection approach, called KVMInspector to detect malware in KVM-based cloud environment. The KVMInspector is deployed both inside and outside the VM at the KVM-layer and hence is more robust to attacks. LibVMI and Nitro libraries are used to extract the low-level details of a running virtual machine by viewing its memory, trapping hardware events, and accessing the vCPU registers from KVM. The KVMInspector first performs the process verification at KVM layer to provide a basic security check. After then, a detailed behaviour analysis is carried out to learn the dynamic (run-time) behaviour of the monitored programs using machine learning techniques as an advanced security check. A preliminary analysis has been performed using University of New Maxico (UNM) & University of California dataset and results seem to be promising.

Liderazgo Estratégico: Perspectiva clave hacia la responsabilidad social en Instituciones de Educación Superior

El alcance general de este estudio es comprender el liderazgo estratégico como perspectiva clave hacia la responsabilidad social en instituciones de educación superior. Sustentado en autores como (Hax y Majluf, (2009), Etkin (2011), entre otros, además aportes que hagan los informantes, así como la opinión del mismo investigador. Bajo esta perspectiva, se opta por la etnografía como método, orientado desde la corriente de pensamiento interaccionismo simbólico con enfoque introspectivo vivencial. La información se obtuvo mediante la observación y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados indicaron que la evolución del contexto presiona a las organizaciones a la formulación de estrategias con la finalidad de minimizar los efectos negativos de la competencia sobre su desempeño y al mismo tiempo aprovechar oportunidades. Este dinamismo en el que se encuentran las organizaciones promueve cambios que alientan a la renovación constante de los objetivos, así como también modifica las preferencias de la gente a quien dirigen sus esfuerzos.

Prospects for the rational use of the resource potential of the Russian hydropower engineering

The following aspects of development have been identified based on the introspective approach: conditions for the sustainable development of hydropower, hydropower and ecology, hydropower and scientific and technical development, development of the social environment and human capital. On this basis, the conditions and principles of sustainable long-term development of the industry are determined. The analysis made it possible to formulate recommendations on targeted long-term proposals for the development of the industry in the areas analyzed.

내부적 이야기에 기저한 질적 연구에 관한 실천신학적 접근 : 자전적 민속지학 연구의 예

내부적 이야기에 기저한 질적 연구에 관한 실천신학적 접근 : 자전적 민속지학 연구의 예

Enquiring into the qualitative nature of anger: Challenges and strengths of the introspective method

Anger is known to be a negatively valenced emotion that can trigger different forms of harmful actions. Traditionally, it is studied from a third-person point of view using behavioural tasks or trait questionnaires. These methods can grasp outwardly observable behavioural expressions of anger but cannot tap into its experiential dimension. Hence, first-person approaches can be useful to get a more complete picture. In the current study we investigated the experiential facet of anger episodes using a first-person introspective approach. Findings from our introspective trial showed 1) that the anger experience can be subdivided into a cognitive, affective, somatic, and volitional component, 2) that anger unfolds in a temporal manner with distinct characteristical stages and 3) that anger can be inhibited through cognitive control strategies. While conducting our introspective research, we observed several methodological challenges of this particular method. An overview of how to deal with these issues is provided, thus contributing to anger research in both a theoretical and a methodological way.

КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ АГНОНИМОВ В ПЬЕСЕ У. ШЕКСПИРА «КОРОЛЬ ЛИР»

Целью данного исследования является создание классификации агнонимов по тексту оригинала трагедии У. Шекспира «Король Лир».Методы исследования. В работе использованы следующие основные методы и приёмы исследования: общенаучные методы анализа, сравнения, описания (при работе с лексическим материалом). Интроспективный подход к тексту явился одним из основных при отборе материала для научной статьи. В исследовании также применялись: метод сплошной текстовой выборки, лексикографический метод, компонентный анализ лексической семантики, приёмы обобщения и классификации, метод дискуссии и анализа лексикографических данных социологического опроса.Результаты работы. В пьесе Шекспира «Король Лир» нами были определены три основные функции агнонимов – стилистическая, экспрессивная и прагматическая. Кроме того, были даны две классификации агнонимических рядов – групп агнонимов, объединенных по своим функциям. Первая классификация охватывала грамматические агнонимические ряды. Вторая – тематические. Для каждой классификации из текста анализируемого произведения были выбраны необходимые группы агнонимов. Были определены методы выявления и распознания агнонимов. Возникновение агнонимов в тексте нами было объяснено авторским специфическим замыслом, делающим текст его произведения оригинальным, своеобразным и неподражаемым в своей уникальной идентичности, с учётом теории релевантности с учётом текстовых категорий насыщенности неоднозначности при опоре на когнитивный подход – теорию реликтовых концептов.Область применения результатов: рекомендации по использованию результатов диссертационного исследования, отражённых в настоящей статье, состоят в возможности их применения при разработки лекционных и практических курсов по лексикологии, когнитивной лингвистике, истории английского языка, лингвистике текста, для проведения практических занятий по аналитическому чтению оригинальных текстов, а также при написании исследовательских работ разного уровня. Проведённый в работе анализ оригинального текста трагедии У. Шекспира «Король Лир» на предмет наличия в нём агнонимов может лечь в основу спецкурсов по исторической прагмалингвистике и аналитической лексикологии.

Gdańskie instytucje kultury jako miejsca (jakiej?) pamięci

The article contains reflections on the cultural image of Gdańsk and its cultural institutions as they near the mark of thirty years of self-governance. On the basis of the analysis of aspects connected with some of the themes derived from permanent exhibitions presented at selected cultural institutions in Gdańsk, an attempt is undertaken to highlight the problems and phenomena which remain in close connection with the processes of constructing the post-communist cultural identity of the city. Among the crucial factors which are subject of the analysis first and foremost mention has to be made of the specificity of the local memory and identity which can be referred to as insertive, yet with the dominant tendency towards historicism. Those features, in turn, lead to describing some of the cultural institutions as places of memory, both with reference to their architecture, as well as to the narratives they present. An important place in the course of those deliberations is assigned to Gdańsk’s cultural policy and its role in programming the local memory and identity, presented on the basis of the analysis of the development strategies published by the city over the analysed period of time. The state of events in Gdańsk is finally juxtaposed with popular trends in the development of new museology in Europe, where tendencies towards increasing introspection, revision, and anthropological approach can be observed.

La educación para la política en la universidad colombiana.

La presente investigación indaga sobre la necesidad de una ruta didáctica para la enseñanza de la política a los comunicadoressociales en el contexto educativo colombiano. Los comunicadores sociales en formación serán los futuros líderes de opinión, orientadores depensamiento crítico, por éste motivo se acude a la experiencia de docentes, estudiantes y una mirada al contexto sociopolítico colombiano,partiendo metodológicamente desde la observación y el enfoque introspectivo vivencial con entrevistas semi-estructuradas y en profundidadcuyos resultados permiten trazar la ruta didáctica en el programa de comunicación social de la Universidad de Pamplona, sede Villa del Rosario,acudiendo a nuevas estrategias desde el humor, los seriados, el aprovechamiento de los productos multimedia y la capacitación docente yestudiantil para la elaboración de un discurso de la política como base de una comunicación ética y comprometida con la democracia y losprocesos ciudadanos

First-Person Experiments in Thinking

Abstract. In psychology, thinking is typically studied in terms of a range of behavioral or physiological parameters, focusing, for instance, on the mental contents or the neuronal correlates of the thinking process proper. In the current article, by contrast, we seek to complement this approach with an exploration into the experiential or inner dimensions of thinking. These are subtle and elusive and hence easily escape a mode of inquiry that focuses on externally measurable outcomes. We illustrate how a sufficiently trained introspective approach can become a radar for facets of thinking that have found hardly any recognition in the literature so far. We consider this an important complement to third-person research because these introspective observations not only allow for new insights into the nature of thinking proper but also cast other psychological phenomena in a new light, for instance, attention and the self. We outline and discuss our findings and also present a roadmap for the reader interested in studying these phenomena in detail.

Novel Targets for Parkinson's Disease: Addressing Different Therapeutic Paradigms and Conundrums.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is pathologically characterized by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). PD leads to clinical motor features that include rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia. Despite multiple available therapies for PD, the clinical features continue to progress, and patients suffer progressive disability. Many advances have been made in PD therapy which directly target the cause of the disease rather than providing symptomatic relief. A neuroprotective or disease modifying strategy that can slow or cease clinical progression and worsening disability remains as a major unmet medical need for PD management. The present review discusses potential novel therapies for PD that include recent interventions in the form of immunomodulatory techniques and stem cell therapy. Further, an introspective approach to identify numerous other novel targets that can alleviate PD pathogenesis and enable physicians to practice multitargeted therapy and that may provide a ray of hope to PD patients in the future are discussed.