Introductory Perspectives Research Articles

Organoids, Biocybersecurity, and Cyberbiosecurity—A Light Exploration

Organoids present immense promise for studying organ systems and their functionality. Recently, they have become the subject of exploration outside of purely biomedical uses in multiple directions. We will explore the rapidly evolving landscape of organoid research over the 21st century, discussing significant advancements in organoid research and highlighting breakthroughs, methodologies, and their transformative impact on our understanding of physiology and modeling. In addition, we will explore their potential use for biocomputing and harnessing organoid intelligence, investigate how these miniaturized organ-like structures promise to create novel computational models and processing platforms allowing for innovative approaches in drug discovery, personalized medicine, and disease prediction. Lastly, we will address the ethical dilemmas surrounding organoid research by dissecting the intricate ethical considerations related to the creation, use, and potential implications of these in vitro models. Through this work, the goal of this paper is to provide introductory perspectives and bridges that will connect organoids to cybersecurity applications and the imperative ethical discourse accompanying its advancements with commentary on future uses.

Narrating Narcissus, reflecting cognition: Illusion, disillusion, “self-cognition” and “love as passion” in Ovid and beyond

AbstractSince Ovid’s version of the Narcissus narrative, numerous readings and re-narrations have emerged across the globe that are related to the ancient myth of the beautiful youth who unwittingly sees himself in a pool of water and eventually dies staring at the insubstantial image. Generating a wide spectrum of reinterpretations of values, ideas, and aesthetic aspects inherent in the ancient narrative, its reception history has continued to elicit some of the most diverse intellectual responses to Greek and Roman mythology, each of them reflecting the cultural context in which they were produced. The present article is devoted to this issue, providing introductory perspectives on the Ovidian narrative and its ramifications by giving particular examples, especially of works taking up central themes of Ovid’s version, such as reflection and deception, illusion and (self-)cognition, passionate love for another and the incurable desire for oneself. Sensitive to the cultural contexts out of which the examples emerge, the paper conceptually frames the topics of narrative and narcissism, and contextualizes them by drawing on insights from several theoretical strands and academic disciplines.

Die dialektiek in die waardes van die 1996 Grondwet

In his paper The Dialectics in the Values of the 1996 Constitution Jan Swanepoel discusses various value statements in the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and focuses the attention on indications of a lack of coherence as far as these value statements are concerned. 
 He does this against the background of some introductory perspectives on the 1996 Constitution. In this regard he points out that the 1996 Constitution, as successor to the 1993 Constitution with its set of thirty four constitutional principles, can be regarded as a document of political and ideological compromise. He points out that constitutions (and in particular the value statements in Bills of Rights) generally tend to be formulated rather broadly in order to promote flexibility and adaptability. He also focuses the attention on the fact that such a dialectic of values point to the variety of interests that has to be harmonized in a modern state, something which is unmistakably the case in South Africa with its heterogeneous society. 
 The 1996 Constitution contains a variety of "value terms". A closer study of these terms does, however, indicate that these terms (value, principle, foundation, and the like) are not used in a very systematic or technical fashion. 
 The problems regarding the value statements are, however, not only of a terminological nature. There are also some substantive problems, as becomes clear from a discussion of value terms in the Preamble and in Sections 1 and 7 of the 1996 Constitution. Swanepoel indicates that a tension exists between what can be called the "process" formulation in section 1(a) and the "state of affairs" formulation of the values in section 7(1). . While section 1(a) speaks of "the achievement of equality" and "the advancement of human rights and freedoms", section 7(1) simply makes mention of "equality" and "freedom". The dialectic between these two
 formulations is discussed with reference to other relevant sections of the 1996 Constitution. 
 The discussion is placed against the background of a so-called blank space in the
 1996 Constitution. While the 1993 Constitution characterized South Africa as a "constitutional state", the 1996 does not contain such a characterization. It is argued in this paper that the process phrasing in section 1 (a) ties in with a social democratic view of the state as an institution bringing about social change. The "state of affairs" phrasing of section 7(1) is, on the other hand, more in line with a liberal notion of a Rechtsstaat. 
 The issue concerning what type of state South Africa is under the 1996 Constitution, will depend on which of the two poles in the above-mentioned dialectic the primary emphasis will be placed. 
 Since the 1996 Constitution has been ratified by the Constitutional Court, it is regarded as extremely unlikely that the above-mentioned terminological problem will be rectified in future. Swanepoel provides a diagrammatic representation of the principle, values and objectives mentioned in the 1996 Constitution. 
 Further research is envisaged concerning the possibility of developing a juridical model of reconciling the social-democratic and Rechtsstaat tendencies in the 1996 Constitution within the framework of a broader vision on the state’s task in bringing about justice. 

The state and public administration: have instruments of governance outrun governments? Introductory perspectives II

These introductory perspectives set the scene for this Special Issue (II) by echoing comments made in the introduction to Special Issue (I) in December 2015. Three critical questions are addressed: What is the role of the state in different countries with different histories and capabilities? Does it make a difference what the form of the state is and how well articulated the instruments of governance are in delivering effective public goods and services? Have instruments of governance outrun governments? The latter is the overall theme of the Special Issues. The three complement the questions which are posed at the outset of Special Issue (I) and stated again in this discussion.

The state and public administration: have instruments of governance outrun governments? Introductory perspectives

These introductory perspectives set the scene for this Special Issue and companion Special Issue in March 2016. Several questions are raised about states, institutions, instruments and the ecology of governance as a forerunner to analyses in subsequent articles. Particularly pertinent are questions concerning instrument use and control, with significant implications for state capacity, legitimacy and trust as multi-nodalism becomes an ever-expanding reality in modern governance.

Environmental governance in the People’s Republic of China: the political economy of growth, collective action and policy developments – introductory perspectives

The special issue is introduced here by considering the state of the environment and environmental governance in the PRC. While significant, substantial developments in legislation and policymaking remain insufficient to tackle the degradation of the environment and the increasing saliency of environmental issues in Chinese politics. Tremendous challenges remain in the areas of natural resources governance, environmental health, and transition paths in agriculture and urban development. They need to be addressed by an even stronger commitment of the Chinese leadership, accompanied by significant reforms in the areas of environmental litigation, the transparency of local government decision-making, and the capacity of the self-organisation of Chinese citizens in mobilising on environmental issues.

In celebration of public administration: the sustaining significance of power – introductory perspectives

The symposium is introduced here as heralding the beginning of a new era for the journal. Significant aspects of public administration are addressed concerning power as its lifeblood and basis of its institutional-organisational configurations, roles, responsibilities, control and legitimacy. The discussion of these matters sets the scene for the analyses in the following articles.

Governance and Organizational Eclecticism in the Public Arena: Introductory Perspectives

The Symposium is introduced here in terms of its antecedents and the eclecticism of governance and organizations in the public arena. The all-embracing nature of governance is complemented by organizational diversity and hybridity in constellational formations and networks. Key capacities, recognizing the significance of organizational ownership, regulation and performance, are essential in creating structures, developing policies, taking action and fostering legitimacy in governance. An overview of these matters sets the scene for the analyses in subsequent articles.

Modeling the important organizational factors of safety management system performance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between safety culture and the organizational identity of safety management system (SMS), in order to provide more awareness of how airline employees perceive organizational identity and safety culture as they successfully implement SMS.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual path model analysis is tested using data analysis research design.FindingsThe findings show that safety culture has been strengthened as the result of the implementation of a SMS. Furthermore, the loyalty factor of organizational identity is found to positively and significantly predict the performance of SMS through safety culture.Practical implicationsThis paper is intended to provide some introductory perspectives on how to successfully apply safety culture and the supporting organizational identity for implementing SMS, as well as guidance about the areas in which airlines must improve if they wish to reduce accidents and incidents.Originality/valueThe questionnaire survey is designed to form perceptions of flight crews and helps to maintain a focus on the key persons in aviation safety management.

Moving Beyond Media 101

In recent years, several anthologies have been published on media literacy/education addressing both theoretical and practical considerations. All of these have made important contributions to an evolving pedagogy. Fortunately, most of them go beyond introductory perspectives and often critique the limitations of many current practices. In the United States and Canada, educational authorities now include media literacy expectations within state educational standards. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Typical subjects include critiques of student media productions; bridging the gap between media effects and cultural studies; media literacy and disadvantaged youth; negotiating meaning in rap music with an eighth-grade class; deflating the goals of media education; and sparring with an emerging and influential cultural studies/education establishment. These topics of focus are exampled in such texts as Media Education: Literacy, Learning and Contemporary Culture (2003) by David Buckingham, Teaching the Media (1988) by Len Masterman, and Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business (1985) by Neil Postman. What follows are a few recent examples of note. Media Education, guest edited by Kan Dehli/published in ORBIT OISE/University of Toronto's Magazine for Schools 35. no. 2, 2005/www.oise.utoronto.ca/orbit This 45-page periodical is teacher friendly. Several articles are dedicated to teaching media, which includes media analysis and production, at the elementary school level. Especially relevant is the essay on the TV series Degrassi High. There are a number of essays that confront current media controversies such as media in a time of war; global studies and multiculturalism; video production and the elementary school; and the challenge of negotiating copyright law. Included is a bibliography and introductory article on media literacy by this author. Media Literacy: A Reader, edited by Donaldo Macedo and Shirley R. Steinberg/Peter Lang/2007 At 710 pages and 57 chapters, this is a weighty tome. But it is worth a careful read. The book is organized in such a way as to lead the reader through various theories to the actual practice of teaching media literacy, and finally reading media. Part Three is dedicated to those who teach media literacy and incorporate it into their curricula. Regrettably, material on elementary school is absent. Obviously, teachers will read this anthology selectively. As media literacy gains more depth in North America, books like this will help to reconcile both theory and practice, providing our work as educators with the necessary critical rigor it deserves. Rethinking Media Education: Critical Pedagogy and Identity Politics, edited by Anita Nowak, Sue Abel, and Karen Ross/Hampton Press/2007 This collection of essays analyzes the efficacy of media literacy education around the world, paying particular students' critical thinking skills. Main-books currently on the market describe the importance of media education and include suggestions for pedagogy, but few evaluate its effectiveness. The afterword by Australian educators Robyn Quin and Barric McMahon is a useful and incisive look at current debates in media education as they probe the salient ideas presented in the book. Media Education and Educating the Media, edited by Kirsten Kozolanka from Our Schools, Ourselves 17, no. 89 (Fall 2007)/Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (CCPA) (Ottawa) These twenty-two essays range from Educated Hope in Dark Times: Critical Pedagogy for Social Justice to Creating Media Savvy Students: Putting Media Literacy to Work in the Classroom. The essays arc generally short and quite readable. While most of the selections were written by Canadians, the material will be useful elsewhere. The Popular Media, Education, and Resistance from Canadian Journal of Education no. 1/Canadian Society joy the Study of Education, 2006 Canadian educators, particularly those in Ontario, have led the way in establishing a credible base for media education within North America. …

The Story of sexual identity: narrative perspectives on the gay and lesbian life course

PART 1. Time, Place, Story: Introductory Perspectives on Narrative and the Life Course 1. Narrative Engagement and Sexual Identity: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study of Sexual Lives. Phillip L. Hammack & Bertram J. Cohler 2. History, Narrative, and Sexual Identity: Gay Liberation and Post-War Movements for Sexual Freedom in the United States. Benjamin Shepard Culture, Identity, Narrative: Context and Multiplicity in Sexual Lives 3. Stories from the Second World: Narratives of Sexual Identity in the Czech Republic across Three Generations of Men who have Sex with Men. Timothy McCajor Hall 4. Unity and Purpose at the Intersections of Racial/ethnic and Sexual Identities. Ilan H. Meyer & Suzanne C. Ouellette 5. Bisexuality in a House of Mirrors: Multiple Reflections, Multiple Identities. Paula C. Rodriguez Rust 6. Narrative Identity Construction of Black Youth for Social Change. Mollie V. Blackburn PART 3. Identities in Process: Stories of Risk and Relationships 7. Between Kansas and Oz: Drugs, Sex, and the Search for Gay Identity in the Fast Lane. Steven P. Kurtz 8. (My) Stories of Lesbian Friendship. Jacqueline S. Weinstock 9. Emergence of a Poz Sexual Culture: Accounting for Barebacking among Gay Men. Barry D. Adam 10. Connectedness, Communication, and Reciprocity in Lesbian Relationships: Implications for Women's Construction and Experience of PMS. Janette Perz & Jane M. Ussher 11. Postcards from the Edge: Narratives of Sex and Relationship Breakdown among Gay Men. Damien Ridge & Rebecca Wright Making Gay and Lesbian Identities: Development, Generativity, and the Life Course 12. In the Beginning: American Boyhood and the Life Stories of Gay Men. Bertram J. Cohler 13. The Role of the Internet in the Sexual Identity Development of Gay and Bisexual Male Adolescents. Gary W. Harper, Douglas Bruce, Pedro Serrano, & Omar B. Jamil 14. Focus on the Family: The Psychosocial Context of Gay Men Choosing Fatherhood. David deBoer 15. Midlife Lesbian Lifeworlds: Narrative Theory and Sexual Identity. Mary Read 16. The Good (Gay) Life: The Search for Signs of Maturity in the Narratives of Gay Adults. Laura A. King, Chad M. Burton, & Aaron C. Geise 17. Generativity and Time in Gay Men's Life Stories. Andrew J. Hostetler 18. From Same-Sex Desire to Homosexual Identity: History, Biography, and the Production of the Sexual Self in Lesbian and Gay Elders' Narratives. Dana Rosenfeld Concluding Perspective 19. Lives,Times, and Narrative Engagement. Bertram J. Cohler & Phillip L. Hammack

Pharmacology – A Nursing Process Approach: Sixth editionPharmacology – A Nursing Process Approach: Sixth edition

This is a comprehensive resource in every aspect of the word. The subject matter ranges from extensive introductory perspectives and explanations of individual drug classes to items of specialist interest that require further consideration.

Dialectical tensions in the values of the 1996 Constitution

In his paper The Dialectics in the Values of the 1996 Constitution Jan Swanepoel discusses various value statements in the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and focuses the attention on indications of a lack of coherence as far as these value statements are concerned. He does this against the background of some introductory perspectives on the 1996 Constitution. In this regard he points out that the 1996 Constitution, as successor to the 1993 Constitution with its set of thirty four constitutional principles, can be regarded as a document of political and ideological compromise. He points out that constitutions (and in particular the value statements in Bills of Rights) generally tend to be formulated rather broadly in order to promote flexibility and adaptability. He also focuses the attention on the fact that such a dialectic of values point to the variety of interests that has to be harmonized in a modern state, something which is unmistakably the case in South Africa with its heterogeneous society. The 1996 Constitution contains a variety of "value terms". A closer study of these terms does, however, indicate that these terms (value, principle, foundation, and the like) are not used in a very systematic or technical fashion. The problems regarding the value statements are, however, not only of a terminological nature. There are also some substantive problems, as becomes clear from a discussion of value terms in the Preamble and in Sections 1 and 7 of the 1996 Constitution. Swanepoel indicates that a tension exists between what can be called the "process" formulation in section 1(a) and the "state of affairs" formulation of the values in section 7(1). . While section 1(a) speaks of "the achievement of equality" and "the advancement of human rights and freedoms", section 7(1) simply makes mention of "equality" and "freedom". The dialectic between these two formulations is discussed with reference to other relevant sections of the 1996 Constitution. The discussion is placed against the background of a so-called blank space in the 1996 Constitution. While the 1993 Constitution characterized South Africa as a "constitutional state", the 1996 does not contain such a characterization. It is argued in this paper that the process phrasing in section 1 (a) ties in with a social democratic view of the state as an institution bringing about social change. The "state of affairs" phrasing of section 7(1) is, on the other hand, more in line with a liberal notion of a Rechtsstaat. The issue concerning what type of state South Africa is under the 1996 Constitution, will depend on which of the two poles in the above-mentioned dialectic the primary emphasis will be placed. Since the 1996 Constitution has been ratified by the Constitutional Court, it is regarded as extremely unlikely that the above-mentioned terminological problem will be rectified in future. Swanepoel provides a diagrammatic representation of the principle, values and objectives mentioned in the 1996 Constitution. Further research is envisaged concerning the possibility of developing a juridical model of reconciling the social-democratic and Rechtsstaat tendencies in the 1996 Constitution within the framework of a broader vision on the state’s task in bringing about justice.

Monolatries-monoteïstiese perspektiewe in die Psalms: Konsep vir ’n teologiese ontwerp uit Eksodus 15:1b-18

Monolatric-monotheistic perspectives in the Psalms: Concept for a theological construct from Exodus 15:1b-18This article proposes a theological concept from Exodus 15:1b-18 for the monolatric-monotheistic discussion in the Psalms. After some introductory per-spectives on the monotheism debate in general a few themes are identified from Exodus 15. These include themes such as of the incomparability of Yahweh, His kingship as well as the exclusivity of Yahweh’s existence and the theme of worshipping him. Finally, the praise of Yahweh as God of the gods forms the climax for this theological construct. The concept is then proposed as basis for the monolatric-monotheistic discussion in the psalms.

Human Rights and Revolutions

Section 1: introductory perspectives: the paradoxical origins of human rights, Lynn Hunt the Chinese Revolution and contemporary paradoxes, Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom. Section 2: Anglo-American events and traditions, human rights, and the English Revolution, David Zaret natural rights in the American Revolution, Michael Zuckert. Section 3: variations on European themes, Alice Bullard a European experience, Yanni Kotsonis. Section 4: colonial contexts and the problem of imperialism - an enlightenment for outcasts, Alexander Woodside what is absence made of, Florence Nernault. Section 5: views from the field - acumen of the irreconciled, Adam Michnik Sendero Luminoso and human rights, Carlos Iglesias. Section 6: a human rights revolution? a new age of liberal imperialism? David Rieff Kosovo - the war of Nato expansion, Robin Blackburn the strange career of radical Islam, Timothy McDaniel.

Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977-1988: the policy imperatives of a peripheral Asian state

Part 1 The security environment - introductory perspectives: the international strategic context the domestic political context the debate over security policy the argument of this book. Part 2 The war in Afghanistan - the interventionist imperative: the reasons for intervention Pakistan's Afghan war policy Pakistan's refugee policy the refugee issue in Pakistan's domestic policies Pakistan and the Afghan resistance movement the Geneva Settlement. Part 3 The arms race with India - the nuclear imperative: the military threat from India nonnuclear alternatives the nuclear alternative. Part 4 The Siachen Glacier territorial dispute with India - the irredentist imperative: the territorial issues the military- strategic context Pakistan's counterboundary policy in Kashmir. Part 5 The persistence of insecurity.

COUNSELING AND SOCIAL SUPPORT: PERSPECTIVES AND PRACTICE

Introductory Perspectives When Are Social Support Related Issues Important? Assessment of Social Support Resources Client-Based Barriers Client-Focused Interventions Other- and Context-Based Barriers Externally Focused Support Interventions Ansel A Case Study Other Directions

The World of Ancient Israel. Sociological, Anthropological and Political Perspectives. Essays by Members of the Society for Old Testament Study

Preface Contributors Abbreviations Part I. Introductory Perspectives: 1. Israel in its historical and cultural setting R. E. Clements 2. Anthropology and the Old Testament J. W. Rogerson 3. Sociology and the Old Testament A. D. H. Mayes Part II. Israel: 4. Agriculture and patterns of settlement F. S. Frick 5. Israel as a tribal society J. D. Martin 6. Israelite kinship: the royal ideology and its opponents K. W. Whitelam 7. The concept of Israel in transition H. G. M. Williamson 8. The origins of the Jewish diaspora R. J. Coggins Part III. Fundamental Institutions: 9. Ideas of law and legal administration: a semiotic approach B. S. Jackson 10. Prophecy and society R. P. Carroll 11. The social world of the Apocalyptic writers R. N. Whybray 12. The social world of the Apocalyptic writings P. R. Davies Part IV. Ideas and Ideals: 13. Holiness and cult P. J. Budd 14. The concept of Holy War G. H. Jones 15. Covenant ideology in ancient Israel R. Davidson 16. Land, its rights and privileges E. W. Davies 17. Women in ancient Israel G. I. Emmerson 18. Life and death in the Old Testament M. A. Knibb.

VALUATION FOR CORPORATE PURPOSES: CURRENT COST ACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVES

1. Introductory perspectives If you want to catch a trout, you must think like a trout. If you want to value real estate, you must look at it from various angles. If you want to understand valuations for current cost accounting you must think like an accountant and view it from several perspectives.

Poor communication in psycholinguistics: Review of four new textbooks

Four new textbooks on psycholinguistics are reviewed:Psycholinguistics: A Cognitive View of Language by H. S. Cairns and C. E. Cairns;Experimental Psycholinguistics by S. Glucksberg and J. H. Danks;Psycholinguistics: Introductory Perspectives by J. F. Kess, andIntroduction to Psycholinguistics by I. Taylor. Three general issues about psycholinguistics are considered in detail: (1) Psycholinguists should attempt to provide psychological tests of competing linguistic theories. (2) More attention should be given by psycholinguists to the work done in the field of human information processing. (3) There is evidence for the Whorfian hypothesis, even in its strong version, at the phonetic level of language. It is concluded that improvement is needed in the communication between psycholinguistics and related disciplines and among the subdivisions of psycholinguistics.