Introductory Period Research Articles

Value of an orthopaedic admission proforma

BackgroundAdmission notes are an important aspect of clinical practice and a vital means of communication among healthcare professionals. Incomplete or poor clinical documentation on admission can lead to delayed surgery.Patients...

제주 중화요리점의 형성과 변천

The study focused on the formation and transformation of Jeju Chinese Restaurants. With a new perspective, attempted to expand the research area on Jeju overseas Chinese and provied an opportunity to find the role of overseas Chinese who contributed to the development of Jeju society. The main contents of this study are as follows. First, the change in Jeju Chinese restaurants were examined by dividing them into the introductory period, the settlement period, and the changing period. Second, the relationship with the historical situation after liberation was examined as a factor that influenced the change of Jeju Chinese restaurants. Third, during the above research process, it was possible to reveal the errors of previous studies on the timing of the influx of overseas Chinses to Jeju.

Factors affecting the short-term outcomes of robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer.

Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) is a relatively new approach to lung cancer surgery. To promote the development of RATS procedures, we investigated the factors related to short-term postoperative outcomes. We analyzed the records of patients who underwent RATS lobectomy for primary lung cancer at our institution between June, 2018 and January, 2023. The primary outcome was operative time, and the estimated value of surgery-related factors was calculated by linear regression analysis. The secondary outcome was surgical morbidity and the risk was assessed by logistic regression analysis. The study cohort comprised 238 patients. Left upper lobectomy had the longest mean operative time, followed by right upper lobectomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 13.0% of the patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that upper lobectomy, the number of staples used for interlobular fissures, and the number of cases experienced by the surgeon were significantly associated with a longer operative time. The only significant risk factor for postoperative complications was heavy smoking. Patients with well-lobulated middle or lower lobe lung cancer who are not heavy smokers are recommended for the introductory period of RATS lobectomy. Improving the procedures for upper lobectomy and dividing incomplete interlobular fissures will promote the further development of RATS.

Abstract TP112: Clinical Consequences of Tenecteplase Substitution for Alteplase at a Large Hub-Spoke Care Model

Introduction: Tenecteplase (TNK) is becoming the preferred thrombolytic for acute brain ischemia. We report a system-wide transition using intentional change management of a hub-spoke delivery model annually providing about 300 intravenous thrombolytic administrations to 3000 stroke alerts from alteplase to TNK. Methods: By 2021, evidence supported transition to TNK from alteplase to treat acute ischemic stroke at 0.25mg/kg (maximum 25mg). We began by gathering opinions from key stakeholders regarding TNK’s clinical merit to gauge support. We subsequently educated constituents including nursing, pharmacy, technical and clinical staff. A six-month lead-in, six-month introductory, and one-year transition period began in April 2021 using an intentional change method. Median door-to-needle (DTN), door-to-puncture (DTP), thrombolytic utilization and symptomatic hemorrhage rates were recorded at five primary (P) and a comprehensive stroke center (C). Results: During lead-in to TNK, DTN were 60(P), 26(C) minutes with 10%(P), 19%(C) utilization. DTP was 73 minutes. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 0.0%(P), 4.9%(C) of alteplase-treated patients. During TNK’s 6-month introductory period DTN were 60(P), 20(C) minutes with 10%(P), 19%(C) utilization. DTP was 71 minutes. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 0.0%(P), 4.9%(C) of TNK patients. During the subsequent one-year transition period, DTN was 53(P) and 23(C) minutes with 8%(P),16%(C) utilization. DTP was 78 minutes. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 1.5%(P) and 3.0%(C). Conclusions: Hub-spoke delivery systems can safely transition to TNK using intentional process change reducing DTN and hemorrhagic complications with stable utilization. Substitution may not reduce DTP if thrombolytic administration is not the rate-limiting step. Intentional process change provides smooth transition when stakeholder education precedes, and pathway adherence follows implementation.

키워드 네트워크 분석을 통해 살펴본 저출산 관련 보육정책에 대한 역대 정부별 연구동향 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide directions for child-care support policies related to low fertility by examining the research trends of successive government on child-care policies related to low fertility using keyword network analysis.
 Methods For this purpose, thesis and KCI academic journal D/B provided by the Research Information Sharing Service of the Korea Education and Research Information Service were used to collect rawDATA with keywords such as ‘low fertility’ and ‘few births’. A 1-mode matrix dataset was created based on the data that had been systematically reviewed and the first and second refinements were completed, and a keyword network analysis was performed on the entire and successive government.
 Results The results of this study were as follows: First, by thesis type, academic journals had the most, and by policy area, the power was the most. Second, as a result of examining research trends by successive governments, the first period was named ‘the introductory period of state-led fertility promotion policy research to improve the fertility rate’, the second period was named ‘the transition period of fertility promotion policy research to improve the quality of life’, and the third period was named ‘the strengthening period of big data-based fertility promotion policy research to explore social awareness’, which indicates that the flow of research changes from the 1st to the 3rd stage.
 Conclusions Based on these analysis results, it is possible to confirm the overall trend of child-care policies related to low fertility and research trends by successive governments, as well as suggest implications for the preparation of childcare support policies related to low fertility.

Effect of Chromium Treatment on Growth and Some Blood Parameters of Local Lambs in Hot Climates

This study was conducted in the animal field of the Department of Animal Production in the College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit for the period from 7/6/2022 until 7/9/2022. by (93) days, preceded by an introductory period for a period of (13) days to study the effect of chromium treatment on productive traits represented in growth (weight gain) and some blood parameters and biochemistry and the concentration of some hormones. (15) Awassi lambs were used in this experiment, their ages ranged between 4-5 a month and with an average initial weight of 22.6 + 0.9 kg, the experimental treatments were divided into three treatments distributed randomly. on three transactions. The first transaction is the control and treatment the second is addition chrome on Chromium Yeast form at 0,5 mg / day / lamb and the third transaction is addition of Chromium 1 mg / day / lamb, five lambs for every transaction. The results indicated that there is Significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) between treatments in the rate of daily weight gain of lambs, as the third treatment (1 mg chromium / lamb / day) excelled compared to the first treatment (control) that was free of additives, and the second treatment contained (0.5 mg / lamb / day). These results were reflected in the total weight gain of the lambs, as the third treatment (1 mg chromium /day/lamb) was significantly superior (P ≤ 0.05) at a rate of (16.35) kg compared to the first treatment. (control) (9.85) kg and the second (0.5 mg / day / lamb) (10.92) kg. The results also showed that there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) superiority of the third treatment (1 mg chromium / day / lamb) in the efficiency of feed conversion at a rate of (5.53 fodder/kg meat) Compared to the second and third treatments (7.68 and 9.64 feed/kg meat), respectively, It was also seen there are no differences between the treatments in the daily feed consumption rate. With regard to the results of blood biochemical characteristics (glucose, cholesterol, total protein) at the end of the experiment, there was a significant increase in glucose, as the third treatment recorded a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in its concentration compared to the second and first treatment, while the hormone thyroxine was recorded. T4 significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) for the third treatment (1 mg chromium / day / lamb) at a rate of 8.202 nano moles / liter Compared to the first and second treatment (0.5 cholesterol / lamb / day) at a rate of 4.165 and 6.360 nano moles / liter respectively, In general the study showed that the addition of chromium to the diet led to an improvement in the weight of the lambs, achieving a significant weight gain and improving the efficiency of feed conversion in the Awassi lambs.

How to improve newly qualified midwives’ transition-into-practice. A Delphi study

BackgroundIn the Netherlands, newly qualified midwives start work as registered midwives without any formal transition support. Research shows that newly qualified midwives do not feel sufficiently confident and competent in their work during the period following graduation. This could impact the quality of care provided by newly registered midwives.The aim of this study is to seek consensus with stakeholders concerning viable components of support for newly qualified midwives working in midwifery care in the Netherlands. MethodsA Delphi study was conducted among maternity care stakeholders in the Netherlands. During two rounds, sixteen statements derived from a theoretical framework of organizational socialization theory and previous studies were assessed (round 1, n = 56; round 2, n = 52). Stakeholders (N = 61) were invited and completed an online questionnaire that included spaces for opinions and remarks. ResultsStakeholders agreed about an introductory support period for newly qualified midwives, involving performance feedback and regional-level backup from fellow midwives during shifts. They further agreed on the responsibilities of established professionals that they should support newcomers in practice and provide mentoring or group coaching, although they face organizational barriers for supporting newcomers. ConclusionsStakeholders found consensus upon several components of support at the workplace. In addition, a stable work environment seemed less important in their opinion while previous research suggests otherwise. Practice organisations need to improve the employment conditions and support for newly qualified midwives to ensure the quality of midwifery care is guaranteed.

Learning Curve for Thoracoscopic Individual Basilar Segmentectomy: 18-Year Experience.

Thoracoscopic anatomical individual basilar segmentectomy remains challenging owing to the deep intraparenchymal location of the hilar structures and anatomical variations. We analyzed and reported the experience and progress of thoracoscopic anatomical individual basilar segmentectomy at our university hospital. We retrospectively examined the patients who underwent anatomical basilar segmentectomy at our institution from January 2004 to December 2021. We divided our analysis period into two parts: the first period (2004-2012) was the introductory period of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy, and the second period (2013-2021) was the maturity period of VATS segmentectomy. The learning curve of the leading surgeon in the second period was also evaluated based on the operative time and cumulative sum value of the operative time. Overall, 127 cases were evaluated, among whom 33 and 94 cases were assessed during the introductory and maturity periods of thoracoscopic segmentectomy, respectively. Age (P = 0.003) and Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.002) were higher in the second period than in the first period. Use of a uniport (P = 0.006) was higher, and postoperative hospitalization duration (P = < 0.001) and operative time (P = 0.024) were shorter in the second period than in the first period. A learning curve obtained during the maturity period showed: The inflection point for the learning curve of thoracoscopic basilar segmentectomy was reached after 42 cases. We have demonstrated a single institution's progress and learning curve for difficult segmentectomies. This may be helpful to institutions considering performing this surgery.

The Effects of Dietary Chromium Supplementation along with Discontinuing a High-Fat Diet on the Microbial Enzymatic Activity and the Production of SCFAs in the Faeces of Rats.

The present study assessed the changes in faecal microbial activity in obese Wistar rats fed high-fat or low-fat diets supplemented with various forms of chromium (picolinate or nanoparticles). The 18-week study was divided into two phases: an introductory period (9 weeks; obesity status induction via a high-fat diet) and an experimental period (9 weeks; maintained on a high-fat diet or switched to a low-fat diet and Cr supplementation). During the experimental period (10-18 weeks of feeding), samples of fresh faeces were collected on chosen days. The bacterial enzymatic activity and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration were assessed to characterise the dynamism of the changes in faecal microbial metabolic activity under the applied dietary treatments. The results indicated that faecal microbial metabolic activity displayed several adaptation mechanisms in response to modifications in dietary conditions, and a beneficial outcome resulted from a pro-healthy dietary habit change, that is, switching from a high-fat to a low-fat diet. Dietary supplementation with chromium nanoparticles further modulated the aforementioned microbial activity, i.e., diminished the extracellular and total enzymatic activities, while the effect of chromium picolinate addition was negligible. Both the high-fat diet and the addition of chromium nanoparticles reduced SCFA concentrations and increased the faecal pH values.

Registered Nurses’ Experiences of Using a 3D Game in the Development of clinical Competency: A qualitative Study

Background: Health professionals should receive lifelong education to maintain competency in medication administration and ensure safe medical practice. Game-based education is one way to enhance and ensure health professionals’ medication competency. Objectives: This study aimed to describe registered nurses’ experiences of the Imagine 3D game and their views of the effectiveness of this game-based education program in improving their medication competency. Methods: This qualitative interview study included eight registered nurses who completed an education program based on the 3D game Imagine, which aims to strengthen medication administration competency. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews between March and April 2019 and analyzed using content analysis. Results: Three themes were extracted from the study with the following concepts: (1) experiences of playing; (2) the usability of the game in verifying nurses’ medication competency; and (3) the game’s effectiveness in fostering registered nurses’ medical competency. On analyzing the nurses’ personal experiences, the game-based education program was valuable in training nurses to enhance their medication administration competency. Participants reported that the game was comfortable to play and useful in repeated medication administration tasks, and it increased their self-reflection and even changed their actions based on learning. The nurses reported that the game was most beneficial to nursing students and recent graduates and was used especially during the introductory period. Moreover, based on the interviews, the game was also useful in continuing education; therefore, it should be applied in all healthcare professionals’ training. Conclusions: This study shows that a 3D computer game can be useful for nurses to foster their knowledge and expertise in medication administration tasks.

Etiological diagnosis of acute drug contact allergic reaction occurred during ophthalmic surgery

Drug allergy is one of the most common problems in clinical medicine, including ophthalmology. The frequency and severity of drug-induced eye lesions are continuously increasing as the arsenal of active drugs increases. Among the common causes of eye contact allergy, along with the traditionally noted antibiotics and anesthetics, in recent years an expansion of the list of the most significant drug allergens has been registered, including mydriatics (tropicamide and phenylephrine), beta-blockers, dorzolamide, latanoprost, and topical corticosteroids. In addition to active ingredients, ophthalmic preparations contain a number of auxiliary substances, such as benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and thiomersal, which have sensitizing properties. The article presents a clinical case of a patient suffering from cataracts, who developed an acute local allergic reaction during the introductory period of the lens replacement surgery, which was the reason for canceling the surgical intervention. At the same time, several drugs were used simultaneously, each of which, as well as excipients in their composition, could cause allergies. Approaches to specific diagnostics are described, including the choice of skin tests depending on the clinical phenotype of drug allergy. After determining the cause of the allergy, recommendations were given for further treatment, both to the patient and to the ophthalmologist, which made it possible to subsequently perform the operation without complications.

Effect of strontium ranelate and cerium oxide addition in the diet on egg production and eggshell quality in laying hen

Minerals are used widely as feed additives in the diets of poultry to enhance bone and egg quality and productivity. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the impact of strontium ranelate and cerium oxide addition in the diet on egg production and eggshell quality in laying hens. In this experiment, a total of 240 laying hens at the age of 44 weeks old, were divided into six treatments, with four replicates per treatment (10 hens per replicate). The hens were fed a standard diet for five weeks as an introductory period of preparation. The design of the dietary treatments was formulated as: control (T1) basal diet, Strontium ranelate (SrR) 400 and 800 mg/kg in basal diet (T2 and T3), Cerium oxide (CeO) 250 and 500 mg/kg in basal diet (T4 and T5) and their combination 400 mg/kg of Strontium ranelate + 250 mg/kg of Cerium oxide (T6) in the basal diet. Laying hen’s performance and, egg quality (eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell percentage, minerals in eggshell, yolk index and Haugh unit), were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of SrR and CeO did not affect performance, yolk index, Haugh unit, ratio of Ca, P, and Ce in the eggshell. However, supplementing 800 mg/kg SrR significantly increased eggshell strength, thickness, percentage, Sr in the eggshell compared to the control, while supplementing 250 or 500 mg/kg CeO significantly increased eggshell strength and thickness. The combination of SrR and CeO significantly increased eggshell strength compared to the control group. In conclusion, supplementing SrR (800 mg/kg) and CeO significantly improved the quality of the eggshell.

How to introduce a livestreaming channel: a case of the hotel at a fixed capacity

AbstractConsidering two hotels that sell substitutable rooms through the same online travel agency (OTA), we study the optimal supply chain structure for a fixed‐capacity hotel to introduce a livestreaming channel (LC). First, ideal pricing and room allocation are explored through four scenarios: (a) a single channel with no introduction, (b) a dual channel with a hotel‐operated LC, (c) a dual channel with an OTA‐operated LC, and (d) a dual channel involving an influencer retailer. Upon comparing each model's supply chain performance, we find that small and large hotels prefer influencer retailers, while medium‐sized hotels favor a self‐operated LC when influencers cannot demonstrably extend the market. An OTA‐operated livestreaming service is only appropriate for a declining economy because the platform's reputation and livestream presentation can inform consumers’ travel intentions after recovery. Furthermore, OTAs may only suffer during the introductory period, whereas a supply chain system will benefit from celebrities’ charisma and impulsive consumption.

An Examination of Teachers&apos; Awareness of Issues and Needs for Training during the Introductory Period of Using a One-to-One Computing

An Examination of Teachers&apos; Awareness of Issues and Needs for Training during the Introductory Period of Using a One-to-One Computing

Assessing the perception of E-scooters as a practical and equitable first-mile/last-mile solution

E-scooters have disrupted and altered the urban mobility landscape. During their introductory period, they have been commonly touted as part of a larger micromobility solution that erases equity barriers and solves the first-mile/last-mile problem. However, few studies in the nascent e-scooter literature have considered these claims. In this study, we used a d-efficient method to design and administer a stated choice experiment (SCE) to students at Portland State University (PSU) (n = 1,968). In the SCE, students were given a three-mode labelled choice set consisting of three travel modes: car, bike, and e-scooter + MAX light rail. (The e-scooter + MAX light rail choice is multimodal, with the e-scooter acting as the first-mile access mode). We generated attitudinal indices using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in order to control for mode perception. To demonstrate the relationship of travel time and cost in addition to other covariates on mode choice, we estimated a mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) model. We performed elasticity and sensitivity analyses to uncover factors that encouraged first-mile/last-mile e-scooter usage. We then used the model to generate catchment area maps for multimodal trips in the Portland area. Results indicated that e-scooters were lackluster in bringing racial and gender equity in transportation. Additionally, we found that there was no place in Portland where combining an e-scooter and light rail to travel to PSU was most utilitarian compared to bike or private car. This suggests that e-scooters are not perceived as a preferred solution to the first-mile/last-mile problem. Yet, our findings revealed “dials” that can be tweaked through policy measures in order to promote this kind of use, including parking pricing, travel times, fares, and traveler attitudes towards modes. Overall, our analysis of the implementation of e-scooters suggests that their promise is overstated, at least without substantial policy changes to encourage desired use cases.

Product rollover and direct sales decisions in dual-channel supply chains

This study investigates product rollover and direct sales decisions in a supply chain with one fashion manufacturer and one retailer when two style generations are sequentially introduced to the market over two periods. The retailer serves as the exclusive sales channel during the introductory period of a style generation. Both the retailer and manufacturer are capable of selling the old style generation in the second period. The retailer adopts dual rollover if she sells the old style generation, and single rollover if she does not. We develop a two-stage game to explore the chain members’ equilibrium decisions while accounting for the manufacturer’s cost inefficiency in direct sales and consumers’ mental account deficit. We find that the manufacturer’s cost inefficiency has double-edged effects and can offset the negative effect of consumers’ mental account deficit on the introduction of a new style generation. Furthermore, a win–win outcome can be achieved when the manufacturer with an intermediate level of cost inefficiency engages in direct sales and consumers have high valuations of the old style generation or when the manufacturer with significant cost inefficiency does not engage in direct sales.

Psychological Peculiarities of the Introductory Period of Physical Rehabilitation of Patients with Ischemic Stroke

the purpose of our article is to study psychological peculiarities of the intro-ductory period of physical rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke. research methods. There were used psychological and pedagogical research methods: the analysis of literature sources, the method of psycho-logical and pedagogical observation, psychological and pedagogical experi-ment.the results of the research. We proved that psychological objectives of the introductory period of physical rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke were: 1) restoration of proper breathing; 2) the formation of the psychological basis for the implementation of motor actions; 3) learning the elements of basic motor actions: the accuracy of motor tasks, maintaining a certain posture (star-ting position) in the process of doing exercises; 4) learning the basics of ideomo-tor exercises; 5) learning methods of self-control.conclusions. It was shown,when performing new exercises, patients had experienced psycho-emotional stress, which had led to signs of fatigue (even when performing only a few physical exercises). It was manifested in the form of inadequate response of the cardiovascular system to the proposed load, and changes into the psycho-emotional state of the patient (increased anxiety, loss of interest, decreased concentration, etc.). In the presence of only subjective sensa-tions of the emotional nature, when there was no inadequate response of the cardiovascular system to the proposed load, we used the method of “switching”. In a case of “switching” we asked the patient a general question in order to listen to his/her answer. This technique significantly accelerated the recovery of the person’s activity. When we observed fatigue associated with reduced levels of functionality, the patient was offered rest until complete recovery of a cardio-vascular system.

A comparative study of the introductory period and expanding period of Free-Semester Program: Focusing on career activities and career maturity of middle school cohorts

목적 본 연구는 자유학기제 도입기와 확대기의 중학생 코호트(cohort) 간 진로활동 참여와 진로성숙도를 비교함으로써 자유학기제를 통한 변화를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 방법 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 한국청소년정책연구원에서 실시한 한국아동&#8901;청소년 데이터 아카이브의 횡단조사 중 ‘청소년활동 참여 실태조사 연구’의 2016년과 2018년 데이터를 활용하여 진로탐색 및 직업체험활동, 진로성숙도를 중심으로 분석하였다. 결과 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 2016년&#8901;2018년 중학생 코호트에 따른 진로탐색 및 직업체험활동의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 청소년모의창업활동, 직업현장체험활동, 기타 활동은 코호트 간 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 경제캠프활동과 진로탐색활동은 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 2016년과 2018년 코호트에 따른 진로성숙도의 평균 차이를 분석한 결과, 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 본 연구에서 자유학기제 도입 후 청소년 진로 참여 활동과 진로성숙도의 변화를 확인하고 앞으로의 진로 활동과 관련된 자유학기제 운영의 시사점을 도출하였다.

Effect of Goal-Setting Approaches Within a Gamification Intervention to Increase Physical Activity Among Economically Disadvantaged Adults at Elevated Risk for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events

Health promotion efforts commonly communicate goals for healthy behavior, but the best way to design goal setting among high-risk patients has not been well examined. To test the effectiveness of different ways to set and implement goals within a behaviorally designed gamification intervention to increase physical activity. Evaluation of the Novel Use of Gamification With Alternative Goal-setting Experiences was conducted from January 15, 2019, to June 1, 2020. The 24-week randomized clinical trial included a remotely monitored 8-week introductory intervention period, 8-week maintenance intervention period, and 8-week follow-up period. A total of 500 adults from lower-income neighborhoods in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who had either an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) condition or a 10-year ASCVD risk score greater than or equal to 7.5% were enrolled. Participants were paid for enrolling in and completing the trial. All participants used a wearable device to track daily steps, established a baseline level, and were then randomly assigned to an attention control or 1 of 4 gamification interventions that varied only on how daily step goals were set (self-chosen or assigned) and implemented (immediately or gradually). The primary outcome was change in mean daily steps from baseline to the 8-week maintenance intervention period. Other outcomes included changes in minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity. All randomly assigned participants were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Of the 500 participants, 331 individuals (66.2%) were Black, 114 were White (22.8%), and 348 were women (69.6%). Mean (SD) age was 58.5 (10.8) years and body mass index was 33.2 (7.8). A total of 215 participants (43.0%) had an ASCVD condition. Compared with the control arm, participants with self-chosen and immediate goals had significant increases in the number of daily steps during the maintenance intervention period (1384; 95% CI, 805-1963; P < .001) that were sustained during the 8-week follow-up (1391; 95% CI, 785-1998; P < .001). This group also had significant increases in daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity during the maintenance intervention (4.1; 95% CI, 1.8-6.4; P < .001) that were sustained during follow-up (3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.8; P = .004). No other gamification arms had consistent increases in physical activity compared with the control arm. No major adverse events were reported. In this trial among economically disadvantaged adults at elevated risk for major adverse cardiovascular events, a gamification intervention led to increases in physical activity that were sustained during 8 weeks of follow-up when goals were self-chosen and implemented immediately. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03749473.

Infants' First Solid Foods: Impact on Gut Microbiota Development in Two Intercontinental Cohorts.

The introduction of solid foods is an important dietary event during infancy that causes profound shifts in the gut microbial composition towards a more adult-like state. Infant gut bacterial dynamics, especially in relation to nutritional intake remain understudied. Over 2 weeks surrounding the time of solid food introduction, the day-to-day dynamics in the gut microbiomes of 24 healthy, full-term infants from the Baby, Food & Mi and LucKi-Gut cohort studies were investigated in relation to their dietary intake. Microbial richness (observed species) and diversity (Shannon index) increased over time and were positively associated with dietary diversity. Microbial community structure (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity) was determined predominantly by individual and age (days). The extent of change in community structure in the introductory period was negatively associated with daily dietary diversity. High daily dietary diversity stabilized the gut microbiome. Bifidobacterial taxa were positively associated, while taxa of the genus Veillonella, that may be the same species, were negatively associated with dietary diversity in both cohorts. This study furthers our understanding of the impact of solid food introduction on gut microbiome development in early life. Dietary diversity seems to have the greatest impact on the gut microbiome as solids are introduced.