Introduction Sections Of Research Articles Research Articles

DESIGNING READING-WRITING TEACHING STRATEGY FOR THE ACADEMIC WRITING COURSE

The concept of integrating reading and writing in the language instruction has been portrayed through an increasing number of research studies. Nevertheless, many areas remain to be explored. Even though previous research studies often portrayed the beneficial impacts of integrating reading and writing, yet they do not suggest how such impacts affect the students in a specific course. Hence, the present research study aims to propose a design of reading-writing teaching strategy that needs to be addressed within a specific course especially the academic writing course. This research study employed the adapted model of ADDIE (Dick et al., 2015) to develop the proposed teaching strategy. The process of need analysis was carried out through analysing the introduction section of research articles written by the undergraduate students using Swales and Feak’s CARS model (2004) and examining the syllabus of reading and writing courses. Meanwhile, as the primary frameworks for the teaching strategy development, the rhetorical reading strategies and academic writing were adopted. The results of need analysis show that, mostly, undergraduate students’ research articles lack 1 step in Move 1, 2 steps in Move 2, and 3 steps in Move 3 particularly in the introduction section. The omission of steps in the CARS model by these student-authors seems to happen due to two major factors, namely the scarcity of (1) control over the writing process and (2) linguistic resources. Hence, suggesting the reading-writing teaching strategy for academic writing courses is considered essential.

‘Verbs’ in Thesis and Journal-Article Introductions: A Comparative Functional Approach

This transitivity study aims to delineate the ‘verbs’ employed in the introduction sections of students’ English-major theses (IST) in reference to those of the introduction sections of research articles (ISRA) published by TESOL journal. To obtain this purpose, ten introduction sections from ISRA were analysed as the parameter, and 10 from its IST counterparts were evaluated. Both data sets were initially scrutinized for their categorization of process types. Then the analysis was followed by the categorization of specific processes in each process type. All data analysis was executed by employing the tables of analysis adapted from the transitivity framework of Halliday and Matthiessen. The transitivity analysis reveals that compared with the data of TESOL journal, the meaning making in the IST is inclined to be represented by less investigative processes of material, verbal, and mental clauses. Some less investigative processes are reflected from the verbs ‘use’, ’want’, ‘say’, etc., while the knowledge building processes in the ISRA are shown by more investigative processes such as ‘investigate’, ‘find’, ‘question’, etc. Overall, in reference to the clauses in the research articles (RA) of TESOL journal, the ones in the introduction sections of students’ undergraduate theses still lack processes for supporting the basis of knowledge building. It is expected that the findings of this study contribute to the field of academic writing, that is, to give insight to student thesis writers into how to make meaning of their introduction functionally.

Exploration of value arguments in applied linguistics research articles

The marketization of all public spheres, including the academic community, and the growing competitiveness to publish papers have led to the increasing importance of promotion in Research Articles (RAs). One realization of promotion in the introduction sections of RAs is the use of value arguments, which are the arguments made to accentuate the importance (value) of the research. The present study explores value arguments in the introduction sections of Applied Linguistics (AL) RAs. To this end, the introduction sections of 30 RAs from several AL journals were selected as the corpus of the study. The forms and functions of value arguments were analyzed using Carter's (2016) framework. The results revealed that writers in the discipline of AL mainly use implicit value arguments – a type of value arguments that tacitly underscore the importance of research – and that different functions have disparate rates of occurrence and tend to appear in relatively predictable places in the introduction sections. It is hoped that the findings of this study could raise awareness about promotion through such arguments in scholarly writing practices.

Stance Expressions in Introduction of English Research Articles written by Cambodian Authors

Stance Expression indicates feelings, certainty or uncertainty, and interests of the authors. As the increasing needs of the readers on significant findings from the introduction section of Research Articles, a study on Stance Expression of introduction section in the English research articles written by Cambodian authors has been conducted to employ crucial aims of the study: (1) examine stance expression types and the categories of each type; (2) compare the similarities and differences of stance expression types used in the introduction section of English RAs written by Cambodian authors published in local and international journals. Thirty research articles written by Cambodian authors published in local and international journals were used in this study. To fulfill these research objectives, the mixed-method research design was utilized in this study. All the four stance features, such as Hedges, Boosters, Attitude Markers, and Self-expression, proposed by Hyland (2005) were used as a Lexical analysis framework model in this study. The results revealed that four stance expression types were found in this study. The hedge was the most frequently employed among the other types of stances. There is a significantly different in terms of the frequencies of hedge used within both RA journals, but there is no for booster, attitude marker, and self-mention. Local Cambodian authors should follow the international authors as models in applying stance in their RAs. A comparison study of the stance expression and engagement between Cambodian and international authors in the introduction should be expanded more different articles from available journals.Keywords: English research article, introduction section, stance expression, local journals, international journals

Cross-disciplinary perspectives on research article introductions

In academic writing, stance reporting is used to reflect the position of the writers towards the literature in order to establish the niche and value of the research. Cross-generic and cross-disciplinary studies of reporting verbs have been conducted on hard and soft disciplines, and yet the specific functions of reporting verbs in different sections of an academic genre across disciplines remain unexplored. This study examines and compares the use of reporting verbs in the introduction section of research articles published in high impact journals in the disciplines of psychology, radiology, and linguistics. A combination of the Create-a-Research-Space (CARS) model on analysing research article introductions by Swales and Feak (2004) and a functional taxonomy on reporting verbs by Hyland (2002) has been used to examine discipline-specific stance reporting constructions in the introduction sections of 142 research articles of the three disciplines. Findings suggest that the choice of reporting verbs is not only discipline specific but also depends on the section (and sub-section) in which such reporting verbs are employed.

Rhetorical Patterns in the Writing of Introduction Section of Research Articles in English Academics

This research is aimed at investigating the Rhetorical Structures used by the authors in the introduction section of research articles published by two different journals, namely Journal of Pragmatics and Journal of English for Academic Purposes. This research examined whether introduction section of the selected research articles follow the essential moves and steps according to CARS model by Swales (2004). In so doing, ten introduction sections in the research articles were selected in this research. The articles were purposively chosen in the amount of five research articles from each of the journals. The result showed the introduction sections in both journals employed most of the moves and steps of CARS model proposed by Swales (2004).

“ Analysis of Introduction Section Written by Lecturers on Lateralisasi Journal and Math-UMB Edu Journal “

The aim of this research was to know about introduction section written by Lecturers on Lateralisasi Journal and Math-UMB Edu Journal, the research found that the introduction section of Research article written by Lecturers on Lateralisasi journal and Math-UMB Edu journal were “not sufficient” because the Lecturers did not use all of moves in introduction section based on Swales (1990). The result, all Lecturers did not use Move II, Whereas, in writing a good and strong introduction section must had Move I, Move II, and Move III. Thus, the writer would like to suggest that the Lecturers’ research articles in journal had understand about the concept of Rhetorical move based on Swales in introduction section  Key Words : Rhetorical Move, Linguistics Feature, Introduction Section.

Actor and Goal Representation in the Transitivity System of Undergraduate Theses and Journal Research Articles: an SFL Perspective

AbstractThe current study scrutinizes the representation of actors and goals of transitivity system in the introduction sections of theses (ISoT) composed by undergraduate students in reference to that of the introduction sections of research articles (ISoRA) considered as the target writings in the academic discourse of knowledge building. 738 English ranking clauses from 10 English-field ISoT and 694 from 10 ISoRA of TESOL Quarterly were analysed for their material processes as well as their participants and circumstances. The analysis was executed with the tables of analysis adapted from Halliday’s experiential meaning framework. The analysis reveals that in the material processes of ISoRA previous studies and previous researchers instead of current studies and current researchers are more frequently employed as actors. Contrary, in their ISoT counterpart, the latter outnumber the former. The analysis also finds that goals in the material processes of ISoT in comparison with its ISoRA counterpart still lack previous findings. Overall, the representation of actors and goals in the material processes of ISoT still needs lexical resources that underpin the process of knowledge building. This has been confirmed by the tendency of actors and goals of ISoT to represent its study undertaken, compared with its ISoRA counterpart focusing more on previous related studiesKeywords: actors, goals, material process, transitivity system, ISoT, ISoRA

The introduction section of research articles in English and Turkish: The case of educational sciences – a preliminary study

Readers’ decisions about the relevance and significance of research presented in a journal article are often influenced by the introduction section. Several factors contribute to authors’ writing of effective introductions. This descriptive study aimed to explore strategies used by English and Turkish authors in the introduction section of educational sciences research articles published between 2012 and 2018. Towards this end, the creation of a research space (CARS) model and authorial voice were investigated in a 358,068-word collection of 62 journal articles (31 Turkish & 31 English). Results showed that the English collection revealed more frequent use of the submoves in CARS. Additionally, it included other moves (i.e., announcing principal findings and description of the methodology used) which were absent in the Turkish collection of text. The authors of the English introductions and those of the Turkish introductions also differed from each other significantly in their use of authorial voice. The former used the active voice more often than the passive voice. There was also some use of personal pronouns in the English texts while they were never used in the Turkish texts. These results point to a general pattern in education research article introductions in English and Turkish. The results imply that authors' lack of attention to these trends when writing in a foreign language may result in limited visibility in their fields. It is, therefore, recommended that scholars and training students should be informed about the ways they could navigate these issues within their discourse communities.

THEME PATTERNS IN INTRODUCTION SECTIONS OF RESEARCH ARTICLES WRITTEN BY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

This study analyzed theme patterns of 41 introduction sections of research articles written by undergraduate students of Indonesia, especially students of the English department in Universitas Negeri Padang. The sources of data are from e-journal archives of E-journal English Language and Literature (JELL) and Journal of English Language Teaching (JELT) of Universitas Negeri Padang. The data were analyzed by classifying the theme and rheme structure of clause sequences and then determining the patterns. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The result of the findings shows that a simple linear pattern (42,70%) found to be the most dominant pattern of the theme found in the data. In addition, new patterns (27,35%) are also frequently used in the data. These findings indicate that most students tend to write their ideas more cohesive than coherent as the lack of using an interpersonal theme and derived hyper-theme pattern found in the data.

A Discourse Analysis: Cohesion of the Introduction Section of Research Article

<em>As an effort to give contribution to the existing knowledge, it is expected for the undergraduate students to compose an engaging research article in order to convince the readers about the importance of the research article. However, there is only a little attention given to the articles written by the undergraduate students although it is considered very critical to examine whether the exposure of English academic writing has significantly enhances the writing competence of the students. Furthermore, as it is also very crucial to build a meaningful semantic meaning among the sentences in order to disclose the worthiness of the research article, it is essential to analyze the cohesion of the research article written by the undergraduate students. Henceforth, the present research is projected to investigate the cohesion of the research articles written by the undergraduate students of English Language Teaching. As the introduction section of research article is likely to be an area to portray the logical explanation of the research, the present research solely focuses on examining the cohesion of the introduction section of research article. By adopting a qualitative design and involving several steps to analyze the introduction section, it is revealed that the grammatical cohesion is considered to be the most utilized type of cohesion in writing the introduction section. Still, the lexical cohesion is also necessary to build an eloquent semantic meaning about the topic as well the importance of the research article.</em>

Non-native writers and the use of appraisal resources in research article introductions

Writing an introduction section of a research article usually requires the interpersonal voice and arguments for building up a sense of persuasiveness that will entice readers. A quality research article introduction can be achieved by using appraisal resources to represent the writers’ ideas and propositions effectively. Using twenty introduction sections of research articles written in English by Indonesian and Chinese writers as non-native writers, this study examines the use of appraisal resources and compares their distributions. By employing textual analysis and using Appraisal resources theory drawn from the work of Martin and White (2005), the findings reveal that there are both similarities and differences in the distribution of appraisal resources between Indonesian and Chinese writers in the introduction sections of research articles. In terms of similarities, both Indonesian and Chinese writers use attitude (appreciation), expand (engagement), and force (graduation) as the most used appraisal resources in their writing. What is different, however, is that the Indonesian writers seem more likely than Chinese writers to use appraisal resources overall, except for graduation resources, which were used more often by the Chinese writers. This article discusses some of the pedagogical implications for those who are teaching students of English as a foreign language and want to improve and strengthen their voice and arguments in the writing of research article introductions.

English and Croatian citation practices in research articles in applied linguistics: a corpus-based study

As a mandatory constituent of academic writing, citation allows writers to acknowledge other scholarsʼ work and to position their research against it, showing thus both contribution to previous knowledge and research novelty (Hyland 2004). Previous research has documented not only cross-disciplinary (Hyland 2004) but also cross-cultural variations, with a general tendency of Anglo-American writers to use more citations than writers of some other cultural backgrounds (Hyland 2005; Mur Dueñas 2009). By exploring the frequency, preferred types, and reporting structures of citations in two comparable sub-corpora of research articles in applied linguistics in English and Croatian, the present study aimed to provide an insight into the patterns of cross-cultural similarities and differences in the use of academic citation. The corpus comprised 32 research articles that were sampled from the representative English- and Croatian-medium publications in applied linguistics and analyzed manually. The extracted instances of citations were categorized according to the pre-established taxonomies of the citation types (Swales, 1990) and reporting structures in academic writing (Thomson & Tribble 2001). The frequency analysis showed that the English writers used more citations as opposed to the Croatian writers, which is in line with previous cross-cultural research on the use of citations (Fløttum, Dahl & Kinn 2006; Mur Dueñas 2009). In both sub-corpora writers used more non-integral than integral citations, with the highest frequencies reported in the Introduction section of research articles. The overall findings point to the saliency of the congruent types of reporting structures in both citation formats across the two sub-corpora, with the human subjects being most frequently used in integral citations and non-reporting being the most frequent reporting structure in non-integral citations. However, in non-integral citations English writers used non-human subjects at a significantly higher frequency than Croatian writers, which suggests that in the English citations investigated more importance is placed on research activities than human agents. Whereas similarities in the use of citations between English and Croatian writers may be accounted for by the congruent disciplinary variable, the differences seem to be related to the specifics of a wider socio-cultural background in which academic writing is embedded.

An Analysis of Argument Structure of Research Article of English Postgraduate Program of Bengkulu University Published In Journal

This study investigates the argument pattern in research articles by postgraduate students of English and Education University Bengkulu, based on Toulmin’s Theory (1958). This study analyzed the argument pattern, and reveal the type of data used by the student to support the claim in their argument contains in introduction section and discussion section of Journal Applied Lingusitic and Literature (JOALL) 2016. The data analysis result show that (a) the common argument pattern employed for arguments in introduction section of Research Article published in JOALL is Semi-complete pattern; (b) in discussion section the authors also commonly employ Semi-complete pattern. In addition (c) there are five types of data used by the authors to ground their arguments they are, Facts, Statistics, Example, Expert Opinion, and A Note on Visual. It can be conclude that the Research Article author published in JOALL have a good argumentative text based on Toulmin’s theory.

A Comparative Study of Thematicity in the Argumentative Writing of University EFL Students and the Introduction Section of Research Articles

The present study aimed to find out thematic organization and progression in the argumentative writing of Iranian learners of English, representing two levels of language proficiency, and the introduction section of published Research articles (RAs) of Applied Linguistics. For this aim, 60 articles were downloaded from three journals and also 92 MA and BA students majoring in English Language Teaching and English Literature were selected. Then, three topics were used for gathering data from them. Of the written argumentative compositions, only 67 were chosen for the next phase of the study. These compositions together with the RAs were analyzed based on Halliday’s (1985) model of thematic structure and the revised model of Danes’ (1974) thematic progression patterns. The results of Chi-square suggested that there was a significant difference in the thematic structure of the essays written by MA students and the introduction section of RAs. It was concluded that thematicity can be effectively applied in classrooms to help students in writing. Students will know where they are losing their effectiveness in their arguments due to problems with either thematic progression or thematic selection, or both. The findings of this study can be effectively applied in teaching writing skills.

Discouraging Honorific Citation

The paper presents a study on analysis of citations made in the introduction section of articles that report empirical research. The attempt is to proceed with the validation that pertinence of citations in scientific articles is a core problem in citation analytics. Citations made in the introduction sections of research articles published in Nature weekly journal were studied. The entire research articles published from Volume 523 to 527 were studied. The result showed that the mean pertinence for the entire study is about 32%. Overall, about 68% of citations made in the introduction sections may not be applicable in the computation of effective impact of publications. It forms one of the first attempts to use empirical methods to determine pertinence of citations in scientific publications. Here in, the rationale for the study is identified

Moves in the Introduction Sections of Applied Linguistics Research Articles

Interest in the research article as a representative of a genre in different disciplines has resulted in many studies, which are essential for English for Academic Purposes. The present paper deals with move sequences in the Introduction sections of research articles in two journals in applied linguistics. The analysis of ten introductions from each journal is based on the Swales’s Create a Research Space model published in 1990. The results demonstrate that the writers use not only the M1-M2-M3 pattern, but also a variety of other move sequences in the Introduction section. It is observed that the headings of research articles may be misleading. The Introduction discussed in Swales’s IMRD model refers more to the Introductory part than the Introductory section. It is concluded that the Swales’s IMRD and CARS models may need elaboration to make them more applicable for teaching research article writing in applied linguistics.

Genre and second-language academic writing

The term ‘genre’ first came into the field of second-language (L2) writing and, in turn, the field of English for specific purposes (ESP) in the 1980s, with the research of John Swales, first carried out in the UK, into the introduction section of research articles. Other important figures in this area are Tony Dudley-Evans, Ann Johns and Ken Hyland, who have argued for the value of genre in the teaching of L2 academic writing. ESP genre analysis is a development of text linguistics and the description of academic genres, moving from a focus on lexicogrammatical features to rhetorical moves and, later, to a focus on rhetorical context (see Swales 2001 for a review). Systemic functional genre analysis (typically called the ‘Sydney school’) is a development of research such as that of Longacre (1976) and Labov & Waletzky (1967) and their analyses of the discourse structures of texts. Jim Martin and Joan Rothery are two important figures in the early development of systemic functional genre analysis; their work became the basis for the Disadvantaged Schools Project in Sydney (see Rose & Martin 2012 for a history). As an approach to the teaching of writing, genre-based pedagogy came into prominence in the US, in part as a response to process writing, which, it was felt, did not realistically prepare students for the demands of writing in academic contexts (Horowitz 1986). Genre-based pedagogy in Australia has a similar history and was a reaction to whole language and process writing, which were dominant in the teaching of writing in Australian schools at the time.