Introduction Of Technical Innovations Research Articles

The Impact of Technical Innovations and Donor-Site Mesh Repair on Autologous Abdominal-Based Breast Reconstruction-A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the potential benefit that may be achieved through the introduction of technical innovations and the incorporation of mesh for fascial donor site closure in uni- and bilateral autologous breast reconstruction with abdominal tissue. Methods: A retrospective single-center review of all breast reconstructions with a DIEP or MS-TRAM flap between January 2004 and December 2019 was performed. Donor and recipient site complications and operation times were evaluated before and after the implementation of coupler anastomoses, preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA), indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, and the inclusion of mesh in donor site repair. Results: A total of 396 patients were included, accounting for 447 flaps. Operation time was significantly shorter in unilateral reconstructions after the implementation of CTA (p < 0.0001). ICG angiography significantly reduced the rates of partial flap loss (p = 0.02) and wound healing disorders (p = 0.02). For unilateral reconstructions, abdominal bulging or hernia was observed more often in MS1-TRAM flaps without synthetic mesh repair (p = 0.001), whereas conservatively treated seroma developed more frequently after mesh implantation (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Recent technological advancements developed over the past few decades have made a substantial impact on decreasing surgical duration and enhancing procedure safety.

THE CONCEPT OF "MEGASTRUCTURE" IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE

In the 1960s, the theoretical concept of a megastructure - an extremely large structure - arose in architecture, which predicted the further development of architecture in practice. The concept of megastructure became more complicated and gained depth, combining progressive architectural concepts and theories of the second half of the 20th century ("open form", "indeterminacy", structuralism, architectural metabolism, etc.). But deepening the individual provisions of the concept introduced by F. Maki, one of the defining characteristics of a megastructure – its multifunctionality – did not receive further development among theorists of the middle of the 20th century. Also, in our opinion, it is important to emphasize that the excessive size of the building is accompanied by the extreme complexity of the project program and the construction of the architectural form.&#x0D; We traced the evolution of the concept, which began with the design of cities as a single structure, and spread to the design of buildings and the organization of city fragments.&#x0D; The border of the 20th and 21st centuries is filled with the practice of building super-large buildings and complexes, the construction of which requires enormous economic efforts of the country, the introduction of technical innovations and the attraction of particularly large investments. We practically witnessed the emergence of a new typology of buildings that combines architecture and urban planning, and for which in most cases the term F. Maki - megastructure is used.&#x0D; Architectural theory responds to the problem of super-large structures with the concepts of Groβform, Bigness architecture and megaform. Each of the concepts considered in the study offers its own strategy for solving the problem of gigantism (beyond the boundaries of classical architectural methods) - a megastructural approach (F. Maki), an approach based on a large-scale architectural theme (O. Ungers), a topographic approach (K. Frampton).&#x0D; All presented concepts combine the determination of the city-forming role of super-large buildings, their consideration as an effective means of solving the problems of the modern city.

Boundaries of Modernity: History – Nature – Society – The World

In this article, I aim to show versions of describing modernity, in every one of which the protagonists realize the aporias of their projects and, in resolving these, face the temptation to “leave modernity.” The sketches of these versions turn to, first, in the medium of history, romanticism; second, in the medium of nature, literary criticism; third, in the society and technology medium, the theory of the reign of secondary systems; fourth, in the medium of the relationship between man and the world, the ideas of the third generation of ideas of the Frankfurt school of criticism after Habermas. The four discourses of modernity that appeared in the four sketches of the modernity aporia—the new mythology of romanticism, the recourse of cultural criticism to nature, the view of technology given through secondary systems theory, the promise of resonance with the world against alienation—balance on the boundary between the possible and the factual. It is quite obvious in the four aporia touched upon in the article (1) between the thesis of open-endedness of history and real battle of social-political and cultural-ideological constructs; (2) between the modern industrialization and glorification of nature and desire for the return of the primitive; (3) between the introduction of technical innovations and the transformation of technology from “secondary” to “primary”; (4) between the desire to control things and processes and the negative consequences of this desire. These aporias inflate when one (in trying to think within modernity) approaches the boundaries of modernity. From the perspectives of the four sketches of self-awareness, self-criticism, and self-continuation of modernity—outside social political programs and trends—I have tried to look into the aporias and battles of modernity, to whose ambivalence the protagonists of the sketches testify; the aporias of modernity in the descriptions and analyses of the sketches reveal the boundaries of modernity, which it pushes back and then again approximates.

EU Criminal Law and Electronic Surveillance: The Pegasus System and Legal Challenges It Poses

Abstract The introduction of modern forms of communication, such as encrypted messengers or VoIP telephony, has forced law enforcement agencies to use new technologies to carry out surveillance of people facing criminal proceedings. Rather than relying on the interception of communications during transmission, modern surveillance systems are often based on breaking or bypassing the security features of a user’s mobile device – making it possible to conduct various forms of surveillance that include audio and video recording. One example of such a system is Pegasus – a tool that was initially used to pursue national security objectives but is now increasingly applied in criminal surveillance. The introduction of technical innovations in criminal surveillance must include an examination of their compatibility with legal constraints laid down to protect the individual against the risk of arbitrariness and abuse of power. The effectiveness of surveillance should never be the sole determinant for tasks undertaken by public authorities. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the implementation of modern surveillance measures such as Pegasus must also include a review of existing legal regulations to ensure that the use of these products’ extended capabilities is under proper control and complies with the rule of law.

Far East at the Beginning of the 20th Century (1901 — February 1917)

The beginning of the 20th century in the Russian Far East — a time of rapid changes, the main role in this was played by global trends — the introduction of technical innovations in all spheres of human life and activities — and the Russian state policy to stimulate resettlement of peasants and development of the region. The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which began at the end of the 19th century and ended at the beginning of the 20th century, not only connected the Far Eastern outskirts with the European Russia, but also gave impetus to the resettlement and agricultural development of the region, the development of new industries and the technical re-equipment of the mining and manufacturing industries, trade and providing the population of the region with everyday goods, etc. The growth of the population of the Far Eastern cities was accompanied by changes in the urban environment, the living conditions of the townspeople, the intensification of public initiatives in the field of culture, education, leisure, charity, scientific study of the region, etc.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ОБЛІКУ ТА АНАЛІЗУ ВЕНЧУРНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article substantiates the importance of effective organization of accounting of venture activities of enterprises, reflection on the accounts of accounting of venture investments and the formation of financial statements taking into account such investments. The economic significance of the basis of venture business and features of venture capital investment are revealed. The main purpose of the venture business is to make a return on investment. Unlike simple investing, venture capital is the most risky form of capital investment. However, if the project is successful, venture capital is the most profitable. The subjects of venture activity are venture funds, venture enterprises and venture fund asset management companies. Venture capital enterprises are mainly not large enough enterprises engaged in applied research and development, the introduction of technical innovations in industries such as biochemistry, electronics, bioengineering, and others. They usually specialize in the areas of research, development, innovation, the organization of which is associated with increased risk. Venture capital is financed on the principles of equity participation, and the funds of venture capital firms function as share capital. The practice of venture funds has revealed a number of problems in their organization and ensuring the effective functioning, especially in assessing the investment attractiveness of individual projects and the choice of sources of funding and planning of the fund. The peculiarities of asset management companies, their tasks and goals are highlighted. Asset management companies are legal entities that carry out asset management activities on the basis of an appropriate license to conduct such activities. An asset management company is an independent company whose activities are related to the asset management of mutual investment institutions on a contractual basis. The activity of the three largest investment companies in the venture capital market in Ukraine, the state of their equity, liabilities, net profit (loss) are analyzed. The main perspective directions of accounting and analysis of venture activity of enterprises in Ukraine are indicated, which will allow to make effective and fast managerial decisions on placement of venture investments.

Зовнішній вигляд та інфраструктура міст сучасної Луганщини у ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. за матеріалами статистичних джерел

The article, based on statistical materials collected and published by the official bodies of the Russian Empire, analyzes the appearance and infrastructure of cities in the modern Luhansk region during the XIX – early XX centuries. The main attention is paid to the cities that had official status – Starobilsk, Slavyanoserbsk, Luhansk. At the same time, the statistics included the largest rural settlements (Bilovodsk, Svatova Luchka, etc.), information about which is also taken into account. Quantitative characteristics of urban development (building materials, paving and street lighting, etc.) are studied. The issues of introduction of technical innovations in cities – telegraph, telephone, water supply, removal of household waste, as well as the state of public transport – were considered separately. Another indicator under consideration is the provision of infrastructure to fulfill the social function of cities - the situation of educational and medical affairs, firefighting, police and others. It was found that in the second half of the XIX century. New establishments of trade and public catering developed rapidly, which was connected with the strengthening of the trade function not only of the official cities, but also of some settlements (Bilovodsk, Svatova Luchka). Quantitative indicators of infrastructure development in the cultural sphere are considered separately. It is concluded that the development of a specific urban environment in the modern Luhansk region in the XIX – early XX centuries. took place in the stream of general trends, but on a smaller scale. A certain exception was Luhansk, whose pace of modernization was the highest.

МІЖОСОБИСТІСНЕ СПІЛКУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЕМІГРАЦІЙНОЇ В МІЖВОЄННОМУ СВІТСЬКОМУ ПРОСТОРІ ЧСР: АНОМАЛІЇ, ФОБІЇ, ПАТОЛОГІЇ ТА ДЕВІАЦІЇ (1921–1939)

The informal reflection of the transformation of the life positioning of the emigrants from Ukraine is, mostly part, the prerogative of social psychology and sociology. While the question of interpersonal relations is primarily the indicator of political moods, and, moreover, the indicator of everyday life in the historical context. And it is well know the routine transforms into a center of active cultural genesis in the watershed years: in the collisions of social disorder, the outline of the Future is born and form. In turn, when in a real life the established connections are broken, something like that happen in the human psyche. The "Achilles heel" of the historiography of studying the transformation of the life positioning emigrants from Ukraine in the Czechoslovak Republic (and note, the emigrants from Ukraine in general) is a surprisingly weak reflection of their behavioral history. The interpersonal communication among Ukrainian emigrants was, first of all, historical action – that had a tendency to repeat, as opposed to an event that had the features of extraordinary and non-repeatability. The representatives schools of symbolic interactionism and phenomenological sociology, turned to interpersonal communication for they the atoms of social interaction were, in fact, the actors, their actions, and reactions to the actions of each other: M. Weber, T. Parsons and A. Shchyuts. Although the Ukrainian interwar Prague emigration was, mostly, a political emigration, it unquestioningly follows the general emigration trends of the 1920s-1930s. Thus, in the first instance, especially in the culminated years of the "Russian Aid Action" (1921-1925), the life of the Ukrainian emigration community of the Czechoslovak Republic became to stabilize, was imbued with by the "concept of rapid return" through. In 1925-1928, Ukrainian emigration are affected "turnaround". The 1930s brought new troubles: the global economic crisis (delayed until 1935), and the Second World War was knocked on the door of Ukrainian exiles in 1938. The 1920s were, in fact, really "golden years" in Europe. After the First World War in Czechoslovak Republic became an era of prosperity and prosperity, did not become an exception.Outlined prosperity and well-being have proven themselves, first of all, due to the introduction of technical innovations in ordinary Czechoslovaks: radio receivers, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, and others. On the other hand the 1930s, on the other hand, made some adjustments in the life of the interwar Chinese SSR. A country, focused on the relations with all the nations, was precipitated by the global economic crisis, which, in addition drag on to 1935. Czechoslovakia had to reckon with access to the proscenium of the world history of monsters-dictatorships. Ukrainian interwar emigration for the level and can be divided into three categories. Ukrainian emigration doctors proved most taciturn interlocutors in informal communication, instead of their informal rejection was an attempt to join the prohibited eugenic research. Engineers and lawyers were considerably more sociable and fun category of informal interlocutors. For this category of Ukrainians in the Czechoslovak Republic We stress, practically, there were not forbidden sweets in interpersonal communication. The teaching the scientists, the staff of the Library and specialists in music, the most funny, witty, gayer, sociable, but at the same time proned to anomalies, phobias and deviations, an emigre category, was . Obviously, this in turn was due to in the emigrant "rating of professions" (1923-1933), the teaching was kept by the honorable "gold" ("silver" was kept the by engineers and economists, and "bronze" was kept by doctors and lawyers). Regarding the deviant behavior, the Ukrainian emigration community in the Czechoslovak Republic, drank and sometimes ends suicide that is got nothing to do with this. The main causes of drunkenness and suicide lay in homesickness, home, tuberculosis and unemployment.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE REASONS OF THE FUEL CRISIS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY

The study of problems related to the modernization of the oil industry at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries allows asserting that the rapid technical re-equipment of oil refineries was due to the targeted state scientific and technical policy that was being implemented at that time, as well as to the highly effective system of privileges (patents) and mass promotion of technical knowledge and achievements. Besides, the role of entrepreneurs that supported individual inventors and research companies providing "brain gain" and investment in Russia was also significant. This contributed to the rapid introduction of technical innovations in production. Thus, the transition to extensive use of oil as industrial fuel contributed to a more intensive development of the factory industry. Modernization of the oil industry became a powerful incentive and, at the same time, a part of Russian industrialization. One of the most successful and quickly implemented innovations that were at the same time crucial for the changing nature of the Russian energy sector and the economy in general was the invention of "Nobel burner". It seemed that this solved the problem of oil residues. However, it proved to be extremely uneconomical to burn large amounts of oil fuel under the boilers of steam engines. Thus, "oil" energetics formed. The "oil imbalance" resulted in the suppression of the coal industry of the country. At the same time identifying the causes of the fuel crisis as one of the most important factors that led to the collapse of the Russian Empire allowed us to formulate a conclusion that the decline in oil production and increased demand for fuel oil in the First World War by the military and metallurgical industries, railways, the shortage of fuel and rising prices led to the disorganization of the whole economy, disruptions in the supply of food, raw materials and weapons.

Alumbrado público en Puebla y Tlaxcala y deterioro ambiental en los bosques de La Malintzi, 1820-1870

This article analyzes the environmental deterioration of forest resources resulting from the introduction of technical innovations in street lighting in the mid-19th century. It shows how, in the 1850s, the growing use of turpentine, obtained by distilling the natural resin secreted by some tree species, replaced the burning of animal fats and oils in street lamps. This change had a damaging impact on the forests of the volcano La Malintzi, which towers above the two cities.