Introduction Of Phenyl Research Articles

Inhibition of plasma membrane Сa(2+),Mg(2+)-АТРase by сalixarene sulfonylamidines. Structure-activity relationship

Previously we have already shown that tetrasulfonylamidinecalixarene C-90 inhibited plasma membrane Са2+,Mg2+-АТРаse of smooth muscle cells selectively to other ATPases of plasma membrane. To inhance the inhibitory effect of calixarenes several alkoxycalixarene sulfonylamidines structurally similar to calixa­rene C-90 were synthesized and their effects on the mentioned enzyme activity, the level of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and hydrodynamic diameter of isolated smooth muscle cells were checked. It was shown that sulfonylamidino groups are crucial for Са2+,Mg2+-АТРаse inhibition, the efficiency of inhibition depends on their quantity and spatial orientation at the upper rim of calixarene macrocycle. Introduction of phenyl or tert-butyl groups into the upper rim and of long alkyl chains into the lower rim led to only slightl increase of inhibition efficiency. The inhibitory effect of studied calixarenes on Са2+,Mg2+-АТРаse correlated with effects on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and hydrodynamic diameter of smooth muscle cells. The obtained results are important for creation of more effective and selective inhibitors of plasma membrane Са2+,Mg2+-АТРаse as regulators of smooth muscle contractility. Keywords: calixa­rene sulfonylamidines, intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, plasma membrane Са(2+);Mg(2+)-АТРаse, smooth muscle

Optical and thermal properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bearing phenyl and adamantyl substituents

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a widely used optical polymer due to its excellent transparency and durability. However, the sole methyl group shows pure PMMA low refractive index and low UV absorbility, and poor thermal stability. In this work, two comonomers phenyl methacrylate (PhMA) and adamantyl methacrylate (AdMA) were used for copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA), and three copolymers P(AdMA-co-MMA), P(PhMA-co-MMA) and P(AdMA-co-PhMA-co-MMA) were prepared. They were characterised by FTIR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, ellipsometer, DSC, TG, and TG-MS, and the effects of phenyl and adamantyl substituents on the optical and thermal properties of PMMA were studied. It was found that phenyl played an important role in increasing the absorption and refraction of PMMA in the deep UV region (190–260 nm), while the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of PMMA were more affected by adamantyl than by phenyl. Introduction of phenyl and adamantyl substituents provided a method to tune the optical and thermal properties of PMMA as photoresist or antireflective coating for deep UV lithography.

Influence of Surface Polarity on Catalytic Properties of Aminopyridine Functionalized Polyacrylonitrile Fiber Catalyst

This work has been developed to study the effect of fiber catalyst surface polarity on catalyst performance. Taking 4-dimethyl amine pyridine (DMAP) derivative functionalized polyacrylonitrile fiber catalyst (PANDMAPF) as the template catalyst, its surface property was adjusted through the introduction of phenyl and hydroxyl groups on PANDMAPF. Elemental analysis (EA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical strength test are used to characterize and demonstrate the successful synthesis of different fiber catalysts. The catalytic performance of different fiber catalysts was tested by the reaction of one-pot three-component synthesis 2-amino-2-chromenes. The results showed that reducing the surface polarity of the catalyst could not only improve the activity of the catalyst, but also make the three-component reaction which could only be carried out in high polar solvents (water and methanol), but also proceed effectively in lower polar solvents (such as ethanol and n-butanol). Therefore, the activity and selectivity of the catalyst can be effectively regulated by introducing different polar auxiliary functional groups on the surface of the fiber catalyst, which provides a theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of high activity and selectivity fiber catalyst.

Synthesis and insecticidal evaluation of phytoalexin phenalenones derivatives

Phenalenone is a kind of defensive compound biosynthesized inside plants in response to the outside attack such as fungus and nematodes. A set of derivatives encompassing structural modifications on the privileged phenalenone scaffold were synthesized through introduction of phenyl and hydroxyl substitutes at 9-positon and 2-position and assessed their insecticidal activities against armyworm (Mythimna separata Walker) and cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora). No obvious insecticidal activities of the synthesized compounds were observed against armyworm. Some of the 9-phenyl and 2-hydroxy substituted phenalenone analogues showed potential activities against cowpea aphids with 33%–41% mortality at 500mg/L.

2,6-Diphenyl- and -distyryl-capped 3,7-dialkoxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophenes and their dithieno-annulated higher homologs: structural phase transition with enhanced charge carrier mobility.

Synthesis of the title benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophenes was achieved using 2-ethylhexyl 3,7-dihydroxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-dicarboxylate as the common starting material. The effect of the introduction of phenyl and styryl groups as well as thieno-annulation to the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene core on π-conjugation was estimated by means of absorption and emission spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. The phase behaviours of the compounds were also observed by differential scanning calorimetry and the dithieno-annulated higher homologs were found to show a solid-solid (crystalline-crystalline) phase transition. Then, intrinsic charge carrier mobilities in the π-systems were measured by the flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (FP-TRMC) method and the values were in the range of 0.04-0.17 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Remarkably, the thieno-annulated and phenyl-capped derivative showed a temperature/phase-dependent hole mobility profile with 3-fold increment in the second crystalline phase above 100 °C.

Rheological Bases for Empirical Rules on Shear Viscosity of Lubrication Oils

The shear relaxation spectra of various lubrication oils were measured at 5-205 MHz and 10-70 °C, and the variation of the steady-state shear viscosity (η0) was divided into the contributions of the high-frequency shear modulus (G∞) and relaxation time (τ). The temperature dependence of η0 was dominated by that of τ. The increase in molecular weight accompanies both increase in τ and decrease in G∞, and the increase in η0 results from the larger effect of the former. The flexibility of the chain reduced τ, while its effect on G∞ was rather small. The introduction of phenyl or cyclohexyl groups enhanced G∞. Oils of larger G∞ tend to exhibit a larger temperature dependence of η0.

Theoretical study on optoelectronic properties of fluorene derivatives with pyrene-functional groups: effect of the heteroatoms and pyrene’ substituting position

The geometries and photoelectric properties of pyrene-functional fluorene derivatives are investigated by detailed quantum-chemical methods, including density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and polarizable continuum model (PCM). The effects of the following factors on the properties were systemically analyzed: (1) the substituting position of the pyrene groups on the central fluorene; (2) the substitution of the central C by the heteroatoms; (3) the introduction of phenyl at the central C position. The rigid pyrene groups play a dominant role in determining their frontier molecular orbitals and reducing the reorganization energies. In these studied molecules, due to its large ⊿EST (the splitting between the lowest singlet and triplet excitation energies) and excellent and balanceable charge transport properties, DPF-2 should be a promising emission layer material. The host–guest systems composed of these emitters and rubrene are suitable for emission layer materials of white organic light-emitting devices.

Electronic properties of polythiophene derivatives

Electrochemical, optical, and magnetic properties in poly(3-phenylthiophene) and poly(3-phenylpropylthiophene as a function of doping and electronic states are discussed in detail. These results are interpreted in terms of the polaron and bipolaron models. Oxidation potential and localized states have changed markedly by the introduction of phenyl and phenylpropyl groups to the 3-position of thiophene rings.

Synthesis of mixed-functional-phase silica supports for liquid chromatography and their applications to assays of drugs in serum

Mixed-functional-phase (MFP) silica supports were designed for the direct injection determination of drugs in serum. The MFP silicas were synthesized from porous silica materials in three or four steps: introduction of 3-glycidoxypropyl phases, introduction of phenyl, butyl or octyl phases and hydrolysis of the oxirane ring to diol phases, or these three steps plus further introduction of glycerylpropyl ( i.e., diol) phases. Although the further introduction of glycerylpropyl phases resulted in a reduction in the column efficiency, serum proteins were completely recovered in the first injection of serum samples. The prepared MFP packing materials can be used for the direct injection determination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs in serum.

Chemistry of novel compounds with multifunctional carbon structure. Part 4. Steric and electronic influences on the diastereoisomeric chemical shift differences in 19F n.m.r. spectra by introduction of fluorine, phenyl, and heteroatom groups into acetates

In order to develop reagents more efficient than MTPA for the determination of enantiomeric excess, several fluoroacetic esters (2b)–(7b) have been prepared which have various heteroatom-centred groups or bulky groups at the α position. These compounds have been converted into the corresponding s-butyl ester (8a)–(13a), α-phenylethyl ester (8b)–(13b), and α-phenylethylamide (8c)–(13c) diastereoisomers; the chemical shift differences between each pair of diastereoisomers (Δδ) have been obtained from the 1H and 19F n.m.r. spectra for each derivative. The influence on Δδ values of steric and possible electronic effects which arise upon introduction of a phenyl or a heteroatom group into the fluoroacetate structure are discussed.