Introduction Of Packs Research Articles

069 Introduction of a simple lumbar puncture pack to a busy medical admissions unit improves diagnosis of central nervous system infections

BackgroundIn patients with central nervous system (CNS) infections urgent diagnosis and treatment significantly reduces mortality and neurological morbidity. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, obtained by lumbar puncture (LP), is pivotal to...

Modified Technique of Anterior Nasal Packing: A Comparative Study Report

Anterior nasal packing, which is a common procedure in otorhinolaryngology practice, has different complications. Pain during introduction and removal of pack, bleeding after removal due to mucosal damage and synechia formation are common among them. A continuous effort is going on worldwide to combat those by modifying the nature of pack material or inventing new materials for nasal packing. In the present study an effort was made to compare a new modification of conventional gauze pack by using aluminum foil prepared from the cover of suture materials as septal splint (to reduce the mucosal damage) with conventional gauze pack and another costly material, nasal tampon (merocel). Comparisons were done in terms of cost, efficacy and complications. Prospective hospital based interventional study. Patients were distributed into three groups according to the material used for anterior nasal packing. Comparisons were made in terms of cost of the material used, pain during introduction of pack, rise of systolic blood pressure, incidences of bleeding while pack in situ, incidences of bleeding after removal of pack that required repacking and incidences of synechia formation after pack removal. The episodes of bleeding while pack in situ, within first 48h and forced for repacking was observed to be significantly more prevalent among nasal tampon groups (12.5%) of patients but only 2.1 and 2.4% with use of conventional gauze pack and our modification respectively. Regarding bleeding after removal of pack, 10.6% patients experienced bleeding with conventional gauze pack, whereas with our modification it was only 2.4%. Synechia formation was found to be highest among the cases with conventional gauze pack (14.9%), but with our modification it is only 2.4%. In this study it is found that use of aluminum foil prepared from the cover of suture materials can be very useful and cost effective method to reduce some of the complications of anterior nasal packing.

The effectiveness of packed therapy with three drugs in Helicobacter pylori eradication in Japan

Primary Helicobacter pylori eradication rate using triple therapy (a proton pump inhibitor [PPI] + amoxicillin [AMPC] + clarithromycin [CAM], over 7 days) is showing a declining trend. In this study we report recent eradication rates and have evaluated the usefulness of a pack preparation of three drugs. H. pylori eradication rate was 85.1% (57/67) in 2004 but then fell to 75.2% (79/105) in 2005, 70.1% (68/97) in 2006 and 69.9% (58/83) in 2007. With the introduction of packs (lansoprazole [LPZ] 60 mg, AMPC 1500 mg, CAM 400 mg) the eradication rate recovered to 78.0% (110/141) in 2008. A comparative study in 2008 delineated that the eradication rate in the pack group (88.4%, 38/43) was significantly higher than that of the conventional group (73.5%, 72/98). These results suggest that packs of eradication medicine are useful in increasing eradication success.

Packing size and shape effects on forced convection in large rectangular packed ducts with asymmetric heating

An experimental and numerical investigation of fully developed forced convection in large rectangular packed ducts is presented. The horizontally oriented ducts have the length-to-separation distance ratio of L/H=16 with two aspect ratios of W/H=8 and 4. A constant heat flux is supplied to the top wall, while the bottom and side walls are insulated. Packing of hard polyvinyl chloride Raschig rings with outside diameters of 48 and 34 mm, and expanded polystyrene spheres with diameters of 48, 38 and 29 mm are used in the air flow passage. The experiments are carried out for 200<( Re p= ud p/ ν f)<1450, and 4.5< d e/ d p<9.0. The pressure drop, the heat flux, axial and transverse temperature profiles of air flow inside the ducts are measured at the steady state. Similar experiments have also been carried out with empty ducts. Numerical predictions of two-dimensional quasi-homogeneous model are found to be in agreement with the experimental results of the packed ducts. The correlation equations for the Nusselt number are obtained. It is found that the introduction of packing into the air flow passage yields about a three times increase in the wall-to-air heat-transfer rate compared with that of the empty duct.