Intrinsic Religious Orientation Research Articles

How different backgrounds in video interviews can bias evaluations of applicants

AbstractOrganizations are increasingly using technology‐enabled formats such as asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) to evaluate candidates. However, the personal environment of applicants visible in AVI recordings may introduce additional bias in the evaluation of interview performance. This study extends existing research by examining the influence of cues signaling affiliation with Islam or homosexuality in the background and comparing them with a neutral background using an experimental design and a German sample (N = 222). Results showed that visible signs of religious affiliation with Islam led to lower perceived competence, while perceived warmth and interview performance were unaffected. Visual cues of homosexuality had no effect on perceptions of the applicant. In addition, personal characteristics of the raters, such as their intrinsic religious orientation or their attitudes towards homosexuality influenced applicants’ ratings, so that a non‐Muslim religious orientation was negatively associated with evaluations of the Muslim candidate and a negative attitude towards homosexuality was negatively associated with evaluations of the homosexual candidate. This study thus contributes to the literature on AVIs and discrimination against Muslims and members of the 2SLGBTQI+ community in personnel selection contexts.

Intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation as a moderator of key predictors of romantic relationship commitment

Religious individuals often assume that their beliefs promote strong romantic relationships. Yet the empirical evidence is mixed. To better understand this association, this study examined religious orientation as a moderator within the investment model of commitment. A community sample of 84 couples completed measures on religious orientation and commitment as part of a larger study on romantic relationships. The findings indicate that although both religious motivations promote commitment, they do so differently. Specifically, intrinsic religious orientation buffered the negative effects of dissatisfaction in a relationship; whereas an extrinsic religious orientation attenuated the extent to which alternatives to the relationship influenced commitment. Future research in this area should consider religious orientation, rather than overall religiosity, and examine specific predictors of relationship commitment to provide greater clarity on how religiosity influences romantic relationships. Implications for counseling individuals with religious beliefs are also discussed.

Guilt, Shame, and Religious Ingratiation: The Mediating Role of Prayer and the Moderating Role of Intrinsic Religious Orientation

Emotions are essential in many areas of human life, including religion. Religion can arouse emotions, for example, God’s closeness can be a source of joy and gratitude, while God’s silence can cause anger or disappointment. Furthermore, and vice versa, emotions can affect how people experience or refer to God. This study investigated guilt and shame in relation to prayer and ingratiatory behavior toward God. A moderated mediation model was tested in two samples of Polish adults (Sample 1: n = 321; 53.9% female, mean age = 37.07, and Sample 2: n = 344; 57.0% female, mean age = 37.07) to examine the mediating role of prayer and moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between guilt and shame with religious ingratiation. The Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, Religious Ingratiation Scale, Multidimensional Prayer Inventory, and Religious Orientation Scale were used in the study. Guilt and shame positively correlated with religious ingratiation. In both samples, the guilt and shame–religious ingratiation link was mediated through adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, and reception prayer among those low in intrinsic religious orientation.

Mediating role of tawakkul between religious orientation and stress among Muslim adults

ABSTRACT Being an important Islamic concept, tawakkul is a fundamental and core value in the Islamic belief system. The present research intended to investigate the role of tawakkul between religious orientation and stress. A purposive sample of (N = 350) Muslim adults aged 25 years and above (M = 31.92, SD = 8.72) was recruited for the study. Tawakkul Scale, the Urdu version of the Stress Subscale of DASS-21, and the Urdu version of the Religious Orientation Scale were used for measuring the focal constructs. Results indicated that tawakkul had a negative relationship with stress and extrinsic social religious orientation and a positive relationship with intrinsic religious orientation and extrinsic personal religious orientation. Tawakkul also mediated the relationships of intrinsic and extrinsic personal religious orientations with stress. Implications of the study and suggestions for future investigations have been discussed.

Religious Orientation and Motivations in a Sample of Italian Catholic Volunteers

The aim of the research was to study motivations to volunteer, and their relationship with religious orientation in a sample of volunteers working in a Catholic organization. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 190 volunteers working in a Catholic organization based in a large city in northern Italy and devoted to ending poverty and situations of marginalization through the promotion of social justice. Of these, 160 (90 females, 70 males) agreed to participate. The main result was that all motivations, except Career, increased with the intrinsic religious orientation. The Social and Career functions increased with the extrinsic-social religious orientation. The Protective and Enhancement functions increased with all religious orientations. The result concerning gender differences showed that the creation of a social network through volunteering and the opportunities to create and maintain a positive relationship with others are more important to women than men. Managers could benefit from these findings to improve the recruitment and retaining of volunteers and to think strategically about the mission and the cultural/religious belief of the organization. The impact of two and a half years of Covid-19 policies, however, remains unclear.

Dinî Yönelimler Ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine Yönelik Tutumlar: Sivas Örneği

Dinî yönelimlerin toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımcılığına etkisini Sivas örneği üzerinden ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, bir alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır. Araştırmaya Sivas ilinin merkez ve dört ilçesinden 600 hane halkı katılmıştır. Ölçme araçları “Dinî Yönelim Ölçeği”, “Dinsel Fundamentalizm Ölçeği” ve “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeği”nden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma hipotezleri, karmaşık araştırma problemini sistematik ve kapsamlı bir şekilde, tek bir süreçte ele almayı mümkün kılan “Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi” kurularak test edilmiş ve iki temel sonuca ulaşılmıştır: İlk sonuca göre içsel dinî yönelim, dinsel fundamentalizmi pozitif ve anlamlı şekilde yordamaktadır. İkinci sonuca göre dinsel fundamentalizm, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleriyle ilgili eşitlikçi tutumları negatif ve anlamlı biçimde yordamaktadır.

Tawakkul Mediates between Religious Orientation and Depression among Muslims

Being an important Islamic concept, tawakkul is a fundamental and core value in the Islamic belief system. The present research intended to investigate the mediating role of tawakkul between religious orientation and depression. A purposive sample of (N = 350) Muslim adults with the age of 25 years and above (M = 31.92, SD = 8.72) was recruited in the study. A cross-sectional survey research design was used. Tawakkul Scale (Gondal et al., 2021), Urdu version of depression subscale of DASS-21 (Aslam, 2018), and Urdu version of Religious Orientation Scale (Khan, et al., 2016) were used in the present study. Results indicated that tawakkul had a negative relationship with depression and extrinsic social religious orientation. On the other hand, it had a positive relationship with intrinsic religious orientation and extrinsic personal religious orientation. The findings of the path model indicated that tawakkul mediated the relationships of intrinsic and extrinsic personal religious orientations with depression. Limitations, implications of the findings of the present study, and suggestions for future investigations have been reflected upon.

Religiosity, Identity Confusion, and Psychological Well-Being in Turkish University Students: The Moderating Role of Religious Orientation.

Research conducted in industrialized democracies where Christianity is the prevailing religion has suggested that religiosity may play an important role in identity development and well-being. This study examined the associations between religiosity, religious orientation, identity confusion, and psychological well-being in 488 Turkish university students. The results revealed that extrinsic religious orientation was positively associated with identity confusion. On the other hand, religiosity, extrinsic religious orientation, and identity confusion were negatively associated with psychological well-being, while intrinsic religious orientation was positively associated with psychological well-being. Moderation analysis indicated that extrinsic religious orientation could facilitate psychological well-being in the midst of severe identity confusion.

Household food waste prevention behavior: the role of religious orientations, emotional intelligence, and spiritual well-being

Household food waste contributes extensively to environmental degradation, and it accounts for half of the food wasted around the globe. This study investigates the effect of religious orientations (intrinsic and extrinsic) on household food waste prevention behavior, considering the mediating role of emotional intelligence and spiritual well-being. A questionnaire was distributed to evaluate the research variables targeting women (n = 475). Structural equation modeling has been adopted to analyze the data. Findings demonstrate that intrinsic religious orientation positively impacts household food waste prevention behavior, whereas extrinsic religious orientation negatively impacts it. Moreover, emotional intelligence and spiritual well-being play a mediating role through the effect of intrinsic religious orientation on household food waste prevention behavior. This study indicates that intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations have opposite effects on household food waste prevention behavior. Also, emotional intelligence and spiritual well-being highlight the need for different strategies to encourage food waste reduction behavior specific to an individual’s religious orientation.

Toward the Understanding of Religious Orientation and Market Mavenism: Establishing a Correlation Relationship

This study argues that religious orientation may have a firm association with market mavenism. A positive association between religious orientation (Intrinsic & Extrinsic) and a market maven was hypothesized. A revision religious Scale of the Worldwide- I-E (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989) was used to measure the variables of religiosity, and Feick and Price’s (1987) 6-item scale was used to measure the extent of market mavenism. The Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation was calculated to assess the relationship between religiosity and being a market maven. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and being a market maven. Results attested that there is a significant relationship between extrinsic religious orientation with positive direction (social and personal) and being a market maven. The main contribution of this study is that, to the best of the writer's understanding, this is the first study to explore the relationship between religiosity and market maven.

Toward the Understanding of Religious Orientation and Market Mavenism: Establishing a Correlation Relationship

This study argues that religious orientation may have a firm association with market mavenism. A positive association between religious orientation (Intrinsic & Extrinsic) and a market maven was hypothesized. A revision religious Scale of the Worldwide- I-E (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989) was used to measure the variables of religiosity, and Feick and Price’s (1987) 6-item scale was used to measure the extent of market mavenism. The Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation was calculated to assess the relationship between religiosity and being a market maven. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and being a market maven. Results attested that there is a significant relationship between extrinsic religious orientation with positive direction (social and personal) and being a market maven. The main contribution of this study is that, to the best of the writer's understanding, this is the first study to explore the relationship between religiosity and market maven.

The Relationship Between Religious Orientation and Death Anxiety in Iranian Muslim Patients with Cancer: The Mediating Role of Hope.

Cancers are globally prevalent often life-threatening diseases that carry an immense psychological burden such as death anxiety. Thus, identifying protective psychological factors affecting death anxiety in individuals with cancer is of strong relevance. This study investigated the potential mediating role of hope in the relationship between religious orientation and death anxiety in Iranian patients with cancer. A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate death anxiety, hope, and religious orientation in a convenience sample of 320 patients (age range 18-89years) with cancer. Measures included demographic factors, health characteristics, and validated instruments of the study constructs. Path analysis was used to evaluate mediation models. The findings indicated a direct path from intrinsic religious orientation (β = -0.122, p < 0.001) to death anxiety and a direct path from hope (β = -0.258, p < 0.001) to death anxiety. However, when hope was introduced as a mediating variable, the relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and death anxiety became non-significant (β = 0.001, p = 0.983). In this study, hope largely explained the relationship between intrinsic religiosity and death anxiety. In countries such as Iran where religiosity is an important psychological construct, greater hope among the more intrinsically religious may help to explain why more deeply religious persons experience less anxiety.

The Moderating Effect of Religiosity on the Relationship Between Burnout and Job Satisfaction.

The aim of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of employees’ religiosity on the relationship between their burnout and job satisfaction. The research was carried out on a total of 326 people working in the banking, education, and tourism sectors. According to the research results, a significant negative relationship was found between the burnout levels of the employees and their job satisfaction. The research also determined that intrinsic religious orientation reduced the negative effect between burnout and job satisfaction, while extrinsic religious orientation had no moderating effect on the negative relationship between burnout and job satisfaction.

The Role of Religious Orientation and PsyCap in Mitigating Technostress

The government's work from home policy because of COVID-19 Pandemic has had an impact on changing the learning system. This policy necessitates that students use technology to carry out learning activities. This causes the individual to experience difficulties. The digitization of learning activities has an impact on mental health problems such as technostress. Technostress refers to a modern adaptation disease caused by an inability to cope with new technology. The level of technostress of each individual varies depending on their religious orientation and level of psychological capital (PsyCap). Based on these two internal factors, this study examines how religious orientation and PsyCap influence technostress levels as observed among business students in Indonesia. This study provides empirical evidence suggesting that intrinsic religious orientation and PsyCap can encourage individuals to endure challenges and rising demand, thereby reducing the stress caused by technology. These outcomes assist policymakers to implement programs oriented towards individuals' PsyCap.

The importance of psychological capital on the linkages between religious orientation and job stress

Purpose Even though many studies have been conducted in exploring the determinants of job stress, limited research has been conducted in exploring how the internal factors of religious orientation and the relatively new variable in the field of psychology, psychological capital (PsyCap), may relate to job stress. This study aims to examine the influence of PsyCap as a mediating variable on the relationship between religious orientation and job stress. Design/methodology/approach This study used self-administered surveys. Data was collected through the completion of online questionnaires. The participants include 208 accountants and business practitioners in Indonesia. Data were analysed using structural equation model-partial least squares. Findings The results show that intrinsic (extrinsic) religious orientation is negatively (positively) related to job stress and positively (negatively) related to PsyCap. Additionally, PsyCap mediates the relationship between religious orientation (intrinsic and extrinsic) and job stress. Other results indicate a positive relationship between PsyCap and job stress. Research limitations/implications Firstly, the sample used comes from various professions in companies or agencies that function differently. Secondly, this study asks individuals to assess their own job stress, which increases the chance of bias. Practical implications The findings of this study will provide a recommendation to the company, particularly the human resources division, to consider candidates’ religious orientation and PsyCap levels during the recruitment process. Thus, the company may observe the employees or individuals who can effectively manage job stress. Originality/value This study provides new empirical evidence regarding the relationship between religious orientation, PsyCap and job stress. It shows that the individual’s religious orientation (intrinsic and extrinsic) affects their level of PsyCap (higher and lower), which is a determinant factor in the experience of job stress.

The influence of religious orientation on maladaptive perfectionism among perfectionist college students

Several studies have found that religion linked to perfectionism can harm mental health. Conversely, most research found that religion resulted in positive effects on mental health. Therefore, the current study was conducted to better understand this phenomenon by examining religious orientation's influence on maladaptive perfectionism among 82 college students with high levels of perfectionism as indicated by the designated instrument. The data was subject to parametric statistical analysis using Pearson Product-Moment correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that intrinsic religious orientation negatively influences maladaptive perfectionism, while extrinsic religious orientation positively influences maladaptive perfectionism. The study highlights the importance for college students to develop an intrinsic religious orientation to achieve an adaptive perfectionism.

Church Growth in Times of Secularization: A Case Study of People Joining Evangelical Congregations in the Netherlands

Background: Today the Dutch religious landscape is characterized by two opposite trends. On the one hand, there is a massive and dominant trend of religious disaffiliation which mostly affects the Roman Catholic Church and the mainline Protestant churches, while on the other hand the Netherlands also witnesses the emergence of several independent, evangelical congregations of near megachurch size. Purpose: Against the background of these opposite trends, this paper focuses on the second trend and tries to explain why some people join an evangelical congregation. Methods: For this purpose, quantitative data gathered among the audiences of six thriving evangelical congregations are analyzed in view of the following research questions: (1) What was the previous religious affiliation of the people who switched or converted to one of the six participating evangelical congregations? and (2) Which factors induced the switch or conversion to these congregations? Results: Results of bivariate and multivariate analyses show that these congregations attract both mainline and orthodox Protestant switchers as well as a significant number of secular converts, whose decision to join these evangelical congregations is induced by early socialization experiences, their intrinsic religious orientation and the switching of their partner. Closer scrutiny into the background of the apparent secular converts reveals, however, that several of these converts are probably re-affiliates. Although these secular converts indicated to be a religious none in their early teens, their conversion to evangelicalism is in part still induced by certain, early religious socialization experiences. Conclusions and Implications: This insight puts the alleged success of these evangelical congregations in more perspective. It shows that their success is more a matter of circulating, religious believers and not so much a matter of successfully reaching out to the unchurched. In all likelihood, then, thriving evangelical congregations will remain an exception in secular societies like the Netherlands and evangelical church growth in no way marks a break with the ongoing trend of religious disaffiliation.

Centrality of Buddhist Religiosity Scale: Adaptation and Validation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale in a Buddhist Sample in Vietnam

This paper describes an adaptation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale to the Buddhist religious tradition (CBRS) and a validation in Vietnam. The sample included data from 421 Vietnamese Buddhists (300 females, 121 males), aged 17 to 71 years (M=35.03, SD=13.09). The results provided evidence for good psychometric properties of the short, intermediate, and long version: CBRS-5, CBRS-10, and CBRS-15 respectively. Specifically, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the measure’s original five-factor structure: intellect, ideology, public practice, private practice, and religious experience. Furthermore, the Centrality of Buddhist Religiosity has proven to be a stable psychological construct across the three versions of CBRS and was associated strongly with the Gordon Allport’s notion of the intrinsic religious orientation. The results also suggested that the Stefan Huber’s centrality of religiosity model can capture the Buddhist religiosity and that the CBRS can be used to measure the five theoretical defined core dimensions of religiosity in Buddhism.

Religious Orientation and Religious Internalization in Madrasa and College Students

The research was aimed at examining the relationship between religious orientation (extrinsic,&nbsp; intrinsic and quest religious orientation) with religious internalization (Introjection religious&nbsp; internalization and identification religious internalization). A stratified convenient sample of 200&nbsp; students was selected from different madrasas and colleges of Jhang and Faisalabad. For religious&nbsp; orientation adopted Urdu version of Religious Orientation Scale developed by Francis &amp; Leslie&nbsp; (2007) and for religious internalization adopted Urdu version of Religious Internalization Scale&nbsp; developed by Ryan, Rigby, and King (1993) were used. The extrinsic religious orientation&nbsp; contributed significantly positive with introjection religious internalization and significantly&nbsp; negative with Identification Religious Internalization. Intrinsic religious orientation contributed&nbsp; significantly positive with Identification Religious Internalization and non-significantly negative&nbsp; with Introjection Religious Orientation. Quest Religious Orientation contributed significantly&nbsp; positive with Introjection Religious Internalization and non-significantly positive with&nbsp; identification religious internalization. These two groups namely the madrasa students and college&nbsp; students when compared on these dimensions it was found that college students have significantly&nbsp; higher scores on intrinsic religious orientation, extrinsic religious orientation, quest religious&nbsp; orientation, introjection religious internalization and non-significant differences on identification&nbsp; religious internalization. The findings of the current study are quite new in Pakistan and are&nbsp; important in understanding development of religiosity in the students of two competitive&nbsp; educational systems of madrasa and colleges.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Orientation of religiosity and radicalism: the dynamic of an ex-terrorist’s religiosity

Recognition of the religious motives and orientations of acts of radicalism and terrorism is often preached by mass media. The religious motive in the context of Islamic radicalism is often referred to the term of jihad, it is the act of seeking Allah's blessings or Lillahi ta'ala. The motive or religious orientation in the view of Religious Psychology is called an intrinsic religious orientation, turning religion a goal of action because of religion itself. This is distinguished from the extrinsic religious orientation that makes religion as a tool for obtaining subjective goals. We aim to understand to what extent the consistency of recognition is viewed from the perspective of religious orientation theory. This is because there is often an inconsistency between claimed motives with attitude. To examine more deeply on this issue, we raised the case of the dynamics of the religious orientation of a former terrorist, Yusuf Adirama, who experienced the dynamics and religious orientation changes of a radical and terrorist into a moderate one. This research reveals that in the case of Yusuf Adirama, the meaning of jihad could change over time following his life experience. Jihad, originally interpreted as taking up arms against the enemies of God, has turned into opposing various acts of violence and helping the needy (Dhuafa) who need help, including those caused by terrorism, both for the perpetrator and victim.