Intrinsic Need Research Articles

Fulfillment or status: Job seekers’ reward expectations towards family and non-family employers

Limited anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that family ownership status – whether a company is family-owned or publicly held – may influence job seekers’ intentions to apply. Drawing from the theory of person-organization fit and utilizing qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), we conducted an exploratory study analyzing survey data from 756 senior-level job seekers in Switzerland. Our analysis identified distinct cohorts of job seekers who consistently applied to family-owned versus non-family-owned companies. We discovered two profiles of applicants who seem to favor family employers: Fulfillment Seekers and Reward Seekers. Despite their differences, both profiles share an intrinsic need for praise. In contrast, we identified one profile of non-family firm applicants, Hero Followers, who prioritize neither praise nor pride but have a strong desire to work for an admired superior – the very thing Fulfillment Seekers and Reward Seekers deprioritize. Our findings suggest that distinct groups of job seekers are motivated by different reward combinations: Pay, Perks, Personas, Pride, which they expect to find in either family or non-family companies. Family firms could benefit from emphasizing these rewards in their recruitment processes, compensation schemes, and employer branding strategies.

A qualitative exploration of the lives lived by Irish centenarians

Centenarians are of particular importance to aging research as they represent the living architype of exceptional longevity and as such studying their attributes is expected to contribute to one's understanding of survivorship. While much centenarian research to date recognizes the biological and genetic determinants in achieving advanced age, there is a lack of understanding regarding the influence of social factors and their role in aging. As centenarian populations continue to grow at an unprecedented rate, the heterogeneity among centenarian cohorts together with current aging trends highlights the intrinsic need to better understand centenarian aging from a biopsychosocial perspective. A key challenge for research concerning centenarians is understanding their personal experiences of reaching this momentous age as such information could help to identify the sociodemographic and psychosocial factors that enable people to live such extraordinarily long lives. To address this, this study focused on the lived experience of Irish centenarians and explored their understanding of their aging in a rapidly modernized sociocultural Ireland. Documenting the psychosocial profiles of centenarians will assist key stakeholders including researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the development of policies and strategies to support the growing population of older adults in Ireland. Furthermore, this research will also map Irish centenarians who have not previously been explored onto the international nexus of centenarian research.

Exploring the Practical Paths of Emotional Education for College Students

Emotional education is a crucial segment in the educational process for college students and constitutes a primary content of educational activities. It is an effective method for fostering noble moral qualities in college students, a reliable guarantee for enhancing their overall quality, and an intrinsic need for forming a complete moral character. This paper focuses on exploring the connotation, practical significance, and practical paths of emotional education for college students, aiming to further stimulate society's attention and emphasis on emotional education, delve into the deeper value of emotional education for college students, and seek practical paths for implementing emotional education for college students.

Cornerball: a new alternative sport proposal for school physical education.

Physical Education has had to evolve and change throughout history to adapt to the demands of society. As a result, teachers have had to seek pedagogical alternatives to ensure that students are active, motivated, and engaged in the classroom. This approach allows for the development of motor, cognitive, and socio-emotional skills in students, ultimately contributing to the holistic development of the individual, which is the primary goal of education. Out of this intrinsic need for Physical Education, Alternative Sports have emerged, providing opportunities for different types of learning compared to more traditional sports. Cornerball, a hybrid between split-court and wall-based sports, played in a somewhat unique playing area-a 90° corner, is introduced with the aim of offering a new Alternative Sport. The objective of this descriptive study is to present a new pedagogical proposal designed for the educational context, highlighting its characteristics and fundamental aspects to consider, such as rules, the playing field, participants, and methodological strategies for its implementation within a Physical Education classroom. Therefore, the aims and purposes of this work are to describe a new sports game so that in the future, more detailed and specific empirical studies can be proposed.

Analysis of the Network Discourse Patterns of Higher Vocational College Students

As the most open and active social group in cyberspace, higher vocational college students have adopted network discourse as an important form of interpersonal communication and self-expression. Cyberspace is characterized by its virtuality, anonymity, and entertainment value, where different discourse subjects continuously aggregate and interact in digital forms. This, to a certain extent, has reshaped the discourse expression of higher vocational college students, leading to a more vulgarized pattern of online interaction and language usage among young students, which is characterized by fragmentation, compartmentalization, and metaphorization. Network discourse innovation reflects the intrinsic need of vocational students to proactively innovate, adapt to network communication modes, and integrate into the public discourse system. The potential trends of compartmentalization, fragmentation, and metaphorization in network discourse pose challenges to the guiding power and dissemination of mainstream discourse, causing a loss of mainstream discourse meaning and authority dissolution. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the study of the intrinsic rules of network discourse, change mainstream discourse strategies, enhance cyberspace supervision, and adopt multiple measures to break down discourse barriers, creating a clean and upright cyberspace for young students.

Measuring the Robustness of Optimal Design Solutions for Wave Energy Converters via a Stochastic Approach

Among the challenges generated by the global climate crisis, a significant concern is the constant increase in energy demand. This leads to the need to ensure that any novel energy systems are not only renewable but also reliable in their performance. A viable solution to increase the available renewable energy mix involves tapping into the potential available in ocean waves and harvesting it via so-called wave energy converters (WECs). In this context, a relevant engineering problem relates to finding WEC design solutions that are not only optimal in terms of energy extraction but also exhibit robust behavior in spite of the harsh marine environment. Indeed, the vast majority of design optimization studies available in the state-of-the-art consider only perfect knowledge of nominal (idealized) conditions, neglecting the impact of uncertainties. This study aims to investigate the information that different robustness metrics can provide to designers regarding optimal WEC design solutions under uncertainty. The applied methodology is based on stochastic uncertainty propagation via a Monte Carlo simulation, exploiting a meta-model to reduce the computational burden. The analysis is conducted over a dataset obtained with a genetic algorithm-based optimization process for nominal WEC design. The results reveal a significant deviation in terms of robustness between the nominal Pareto set and those generated by setting different thresholds for robustness metrics, as well as between devices belonging to the same nominal Pareto frontier. This study elucidates the intrinsic need for incorporating robust optimization processes in WEC design.

Black cultural intermediaries: Difference, neoliberalism and the negotiation of Black cultural value

In recent years, the UK screen industries have exhibited a renewed interest in racial difference that can be understood as the outcome of policy interventions into the unequal labour practices within film production and film culture. This has emerged with new modes of Black cultural visibility that have accompanied the increased presence of mainstream, publicly funded feature films. Here, the increasing body of Black filmic practitioners who have now occupied the creative status of writer-director is an outcome of not just the expanded and strategic racial equality agenda within the UK film industry, nor the intrinsic need to extend the representation of Black identities and related themes and characterisations within the screen industrial landscape. In identifying a conjunctural shift in Black cultural politics and the production of Blackness as a cultural value through film as a linear social and political phenomenon that has produced a heightened moment of cultural visibility, this article identifies how the presence of industrial actors as creative practice within Black film production and presentation has inaugurated a glacial but no less significant period of industrial reconfiguration and subsequently, new forms of cultural meaning being ascribed to the cultural image of the Black writer-director. As Black Britishness comes into a greater industrial visibility in the film sector, its entanglements with neoliberalist logics of the marketed individual frame the Black cultural intermediary as the inevitable outcome of Black cultural identity’s continued trajectory into the popular.

Elimination of reflection losses in gradient metasurface optical elements

Optical metasurfaces can achieve arbitrary wavefront control using subwavelength nanostructures, enabling imaging, sensing, and display applications using ultrathin structures. Metasurface optical elements that rely on propagation phase achieve this control using varying fill fractions of high refractive index materials, resulting in surface regions with significantly different effective refractive index. The intrinsic need for index variation makes it a non-trivial task to eliminate reflection losses across a complete optical element. Here, we investigate the optical performance of high-index metasurfaces, modified to suppress surface reflections. We demonstrate that a drastic reduction of surface reflections across an entire gradient metasurface is possible through the application of a single optimized anti-reflective layer with a thickness and refractive index that are substantially different from the traditionally expected values.

Intrinsic Needs and Job Performance in Digital Work: The Mediating Role of Work-Life Balance

The adoption of digital technologies is transforming traditional working practices so that understanding the interplay between individuals, work-life balance, and digital technology use is becoming important for job performance. This research explores how work-life balance mediates the association between intrinsic needs of individuals and job performance in digitalized working settings. A conceptual framework is proposed from reviewing the related literature based on the need theory and the boundary theory. Such a framework is tested through structural equation modeling of the survey data in Australia. The research finds that need for achievement and work-life balance significantly influence job performance in a direct manner. It reveals that need for autonomy indirectly influences job performance through the full mediation of work-life balance. This research is the first attempt to investigate the interplay between intrinsic needs, work-life balance, and job performance, therefore extending the understanding of the relationship between these variables in digital work.

Discovering the Impact of Chinese Social Media Influencers on Generation Z Consumer Behaviour

The influence of Chinese social media influencers on Generation Z’s consumer behavior has become increasingly pronounced, with the advent of COVID-19 further magnifying their impact on digital consumer trends. Generation Z places a remarkable level of trust in these influencers, driven by their relatable personalities, specialized knowledge, and interactive engagement. Moreover, following these influencers serves to fulfill Generation Z’s intrinsic need for social identity while fostering a deep sense of attachment. Nevertheless, this rapidly evolving landscape also presents its own set of challenges, including the potential for influencer-related scandals and an imperative demand for transparency and authenticity. Effectively navigating this environment necessitates that companies and influencers develop a profound understanding of Generation Z’s unique characteristics and preferences. This understanding forms the basis for crafting tailored marketing initiatives that resonate with this generation. The key to success in influencer marketing lies in maintaining content authenticity and building trust with Generation Z when endorsing products. By diligently employing these strategies, businesses and marketers can adeptly target Generation Z consumers, nurturing enduring brand loyalty and attachment that transcends digital trends.

Role of Workplace Bullying in Self-determination Needs among University Teachers

Workplace bullying is a pervasive issue that significantly affects the professional performance of university teachers. This research explores the relationship between workplace bullying and the fulfilment of self-determination needs specifically autonomy, competence, and relatedness among university faculty. The study’s sample comprised 333 faculty members from the University of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Data were collected during 2023 using the Negative Act Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) to assess workplace bullying and the Intrinsic Need Satisfaction Scale (INS) to measure self-determination needs. Before analysis, the basic assumptions of statistical methods were verified. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and simple linear regression (SLR) through SPSS. The findings revealed a significant negative correlation between workplace bullying and the satisfaction of self-determination needs at a 0.001 significance level. Additionally, workplace bullying was identified as a significant predictor, accounting for an 8 per cent variance in self-determination needs. In conclusion, workplace bullying undermines intrinsic motivational needs-autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The study also discusses limitations and suggests future directions to improve the work environment.

Soteriology, Human Soul and Eternity: Towards Addressing Salvation in African Thought

The study discusses the African understanding of soteriology as it relates to the soul and eternity positing that salvation is a complete system among the African people. The human soul is a central element in Christian discourse of salvation and eternity. This study attempt a Christian soteriological discourse that hinges on the salvation made available for African soul through Christ‟s Incarnation, Death, Resurrection, Ascension and Second Coming. As such, it addresses the intrinsic need for redemption and reconciliation with God, freedom from oppression, physical healing and prosperity of the soul. This study employs intercultural hermeneutical method and socio-theological analysis through the use of secondary sources to analyse human soul, eternity in African and Christian thought patterns and its implication for Afro-Christian soteriological discourse. The study reveals that soteriological discourse in African culture is a one sided discussion either one that reiterates the body and neglect the soul or the soul and neglect the body which makes it a dysfunctional concept. However, the study recommends that a soteriological discussion that will be contextual and relevant in Africa must speak and impact the spirit, soul and body of human with the guarantee of eternity.

EMERGENCE, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES

Currently, innovations introduced in companies that are exposed to a complex business environment are a hot topic of discussion. Their growth and sustainability are intrinsically linked to innovation processes. In order for enterprises to move forward, this very issue with its emphasis on strategic sustainability in such enterprises represents, in our view, a research gap that needs to be continuously explored in greater depth. In the present paper, we focus on Slovak enterprises that are based on the development of new products in Slovakia and which are also part of a stagnant innovation environment. Attention is drawn to selected aspects influencing innovation in enterprises, which should be perceived by companies not as a burden, but as an intrinsic need for their further development and their sustainability in the long term.

Teacher self-education as a basis for enhancing professional skills

Relevance. The research is relevant as it explores the impact and methods of teacher self-education in Kazakhstan, highlighting its importance in enhancing professional skills and adapting to evolving educational demands. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to explore how teacher self-education develops in Kazakhstan and what results can be accomplished. Methodology. The study was based on theoretical methods, in particular an analysis of the scientific literature on the issue in question. A diagnostic method - a survey - was also used. Results. The study has identified that the motivation for self-education in the majority of teachers is an intrinsic need to enhance their knowledge, skills, and abilities in the subject matter taught, as well as in psychology, education, and ICT. However, teachers use a variety of sources: academic journals and television programmes, methodological literature, the Internet, and social media. Conclusions. The study identifies that teachers' self-education results in many positive changes in their professional work: improving the quality of their lessons, developing new methods, techniques, and forms, and expanding the opportunities to use digital technologies in the learning process. The study identified that teachers' self-education is an important element of lifelong learning and results in the improvement of their professional skills. Keywords: development; media resources; internet; social network; open lesson; distance education; electronic test

The Moral-sexual Empowerment of Women and Children in Hadith Literature

Sex, a human innate disposition, is a basic need for the survival of the human race. Islam, which acknowledges this intrinsic need, sets up the institution of marriage as the primary appropriate avenue for satisfying this desire and living a moral and peaceful life.
 In marriage, two souls are united together so that they may enjoy tranquillity and stability with sincere love, mercy, and harmony. The teachings of Islam present a picture of gender equality. Integral to this policy of egalitarianism is to empower women at different societal levels, including generating awareness of sexual rights and duties, the lawful as well as the prohibited. This study briefly delineates the salient features of women and child sexual empowerment within the specific epistemic and cultural soil of Islamic tradition. The selected collections of hadith reports are taken from Jami‘ al-Usoul fi Ahadith al-Rasoul by Ibn al-Athīr. The linchpin of Islamic sexual empowerment is to staunchly advocate decency and maintain morality in the relationship between the two sexes in private and in public.

Exploring integrated seating structures in fully autonomous vehicles from an NVH perspective

An intrinsic need exists in the transport vehicle industry to reduce vehicle weight and enhance safety and comfort. This need extends to fully autonomous vehicles, which will gain commonality over time. Since fully autonomous vehicles remove the need for human driver input, a rethink is required to optimise safety, given that the seating designs and configurations in these vehicles could be different. One avenue to potentially increase fully autonomous vehicle safety is integrating the front-row seating into the main body structure. Since an increase in stiffness results in an increase in structural vibration modes and frequencies, it is possible to assess vehicle safety and structural performance through a vibration study. The proposed integrated seating concept has been compared with the existing seating models to assess design feasibility. Increasing safety for fully autonomous vehicles will improve their comfort perception and crash safety. By studying the vibration characteristics of an integrated seating structure, an initial understanding can be ascertained that points the successful design of one in the right direction.

Understanding people's experiences of the formal health and social care system for co-occurring heavy alcohol use and depression through the lens of relational autonomy: A qualitative study.

Heavy alcohol use and depression commonly co-occur. However, health and social care services rarely provide coordinated support for these conditions. Using relational autonomy, which recognizes how social and economic contexts and relational support alter people's capacity for agency, this study aimed to (1) explore how people experience formal care provision for co-occurring alcohol use and depression, (2) consider how this context could lead to adverse outcomes for individuals and (3) understand the implications of these experiences for future policy and practice. Semi-structured qualitative interviews underpinned by the methodology of interpretive description. North East and North Cumbria, UK. Thirty-nine people (21 men and 18 women) with current or recent experience of co-occurring heavy alcohol use ([Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] score ≥ 8])and depression ([Patient Health Questionnaire test ≥ 5] screening tools to give an indication of their current levels of alcohol use and mental score). Semi-structured interview guide supported in-depth exploration of the treatment and care people had sought and received for heavy alcohol use and depression. Most participants perceived depression as a key factor contributing to their heavy alcohol use. Three key themes were identified: (1) 'lack of recognition' of a relationship between alcohol use and depression and/or contexts that limit people's capacity to access help, (2) having 'nowhere to go' to access relevant treatment and care and (3) 'supporting relational autonomy' as opposed to assuming that individuals can organize their own care and recovery. Lack of access to appropriate treatment and provision that disregards individuals' differential capacity for agency may contribute to delays in help-seeking, increased distress and suicidal ideation. Among people with co-occurring heavy alcohol use and depression, lack of recognition of a relationship between alcohol use and depression and formal care provision that does not acknowledge people's social and economic context, including their intrinsic need for relational support, may contribute to distress and limit their capacity to get well.

Primary and Secondary Control as Antecedents to the Dark Traits in Predicting Attraction to Hacking Behavior

The current study examines the relationship between the need for control, the Dark Triad personality traits, and hacking intent. We surveyed 523 individuals using a scenario design and investigated the role of both primary and secondary control as antecedents to Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism leading to both white- (i.e., ethical) and black-hat hacking interest. Our findings suggest that primary control is a significant antecedent to all three dark personality traits such that a higher intrinsic need for control is positively associated with Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Secondary control, however, has comparatively different effects on dark personality traits, demonstrating a negative effect only on psychopathy. Both Machiavellianism and psychopathy predicted both white- and black-hat hacking interests along with the perceived probability of apprehension. Overall, our findings suggest that primary control drives all three dark personality traits, yet only two of the three dark personality traits – Machiavellianism and psychopathy – are related to hacking interest.

IMPORTANCE OF PLAY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CHILDREN’S RIGHT TO PLAY

Children’s play is first and foremost a matter of human rights. As declared in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989), all children and young people have the right to play and have an intrinsic need to play. Play provides opportunities for children and young people to be free to choose what they do, and to challenge themselves, take risks and enjoy freedoms. (Playboard Northern Ireland, Young researchers’ team, 2013). General Comment 17 of the UNCRC states that children need to play in order to grow, learn and that play is a way of taking part in everyday life. Play also provides opportunities to promote gender equality and is essential for children’s health and well-being. The importance of play in early childhood education (ECE) will be analyzed with a specific emphasis on the sociological dimension and as a right granted to children by the UNCRC.

Towards a More Comprehensive Catalogue of Life Checklist

The Catalogue of Life (COL) Checklist 2023 (Bánki et al. 2023) includes over 2.1 million accepted species underpinned by a large international community of more than 500 expert taxonomists. The 164 supporting sources are available through ChecklistBank, a publishing platform and open data respository with a focus on taxonomic and nomenclatural data sources. It also includes all the tools and processes that are needed to assemble the COL Checklist. ChecklistBank is jointly developed by Catalogue of Life and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The results presented here build on efforts carried out in the European Union-funded project Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge Library (BiCKL). Despite all the global efforts over the past 27 years, there still remain significant gaps in the COL Checklist: incompleteness, outdated data in several taxonomic groups, lack of synonyms and a considerable time lag in being up-to-date with continuously published literature. However, there are not enough experts to check and update it as fast as new information is published e.g., descriptions of new species, covering lesser-known taxonomic groups, clarifying synonym relations, interpreting new classifications. For that reason, there is an intrinsic need to rely on a new process that combines: the expertise of taxonomists contributing to well curated databases with global coverage; recent knowledge compiled in checklists and catalogues published at regional and national scales in different formats and through different platforms; new and improved informatics tools that can harvest those data with text mining schemas and integrate them into ChecklistBank and the COL Checklist based on revised and supported criteria and a careful quality control that will avoid the inclusion of errors or doubtful information. the expertise of taxonomists contributing to well curated databases with global coverage; recent knowledge compiled in checklists and catalogues published at regional and national scales in different formats and through different platforms; new and improved informatics tools that can harvest those data with text mining schemas and integrate them into ChecklistBank and the COL Checklist based on revised and supported criteria and a careful quality control that will avoid the inclusion of errors or doubtful information. Combining these elements would result in an extended release of the COL Checklist that is an enriched version, integrating a wider variety of taxonomic sources and informatic developments not considered previously. This process will feature sequential releases that will address different needs and will be useful for delivering taxonomic services for GBIF and ultimately replacing its backbone taxonomy (GBIF Secretariat 2022). The extended release of the COL Checklist will be more comprehensive, including names that will fill significant gaps, synonyms and fossil taxa, and a single consensus classification that avoids conflicts.