Intrinsic Electromagnetic Field Research Articles

Evolution of Superconducting-Transition Temperature with Superfluid Density and Conductivity in Pressurized Cuprate Superconductors

What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature T c in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense debate. Following the establishment of an empirical law known as Homes’ law, there is a growing consensus in the community that the T c value of the cuprate superconductors is closely linked to the superfluid density (ρ s) of its ground state and the conductivity (σ) of its normal state. However, all the data supporting this empirical law (ρ s = AσT c) have been obtained from the ambient-pressure superconductors. In this study, we present the first high-pressure results about the connection of the quantities of ρ s and σ with T c, through the studies on the Bi1.74Pb0.38Sr1.88CuO6+δ and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ , in which the value of their high-pressure resistivity (ρ = 1/σ) is achieved by adopting our newly established method, while the quantity of ρ s is extracted using Homes’ law. We highlight that the T c values are strongly linked to the joint response factors of magnetic field and electric field, i.e., ρ s and σ, respectively, implying that the physics determining T c is governed by the intrinsic electromagnetic fields of the system.

The role of the modulated intrinsic electromagnetic field characteristics inside the carbon nanopores on molecular hydrogen densification

While the anomalous phenomenon of H2 densification in sub-1 nm carbon nanopores have attracted the attention of many researchers, there have been few in-depth studies on the fundamentals. Recently, we discovered that significant intrinsic electromagnetic fields (IEMFs) inside carbon nanopores with diameters below 1 nm are modulated with the difference in morphology, and it seems to be linked to the anomalous phenomenon. As a follow-up study, we find that the IEMFs inside carbon nanopores can be modulated by tuning pore diameter or atomic composition. Moreover, it is suggested that these modulations are highly correlated to the degree of molecular hydrogen densification. Particularly, given the widely accepted fact that the H2 densification is possible in only sub-1 nm nanopore, it is notable that the nanopores larger than 1 nm may play a substantial role in H2 densification by controlling atomic composition. This paper carefully suggests that this concept can be applied to the field of hydrogen storage materials so that the development of H2 storage materials with high performance may be achievable.

Evaluating the Intrinsic Electromagnetic Field Generated by Neurons From Repetitive Motor Activities in Humans With a Non-contact Non-invasive Electromagnetic Helmet.

IntroductionThe actions of neurons are dependent on electrochemical signal pathways mediated by neurotransmitters and create measurable electrical charges. These charges have been found to be measurable through neuroimaging technologies and now through a novel non-contact non-invasive sensor without supercooling. Identifying whether this technology can be appropriately interpreted with synchronized motor well-defined activities in vivo may allow for further clinical applications.MethodsA non-contact, non-invasive helmet constructed and modified using shielding technology with proprietary magnetic field sensors was utilized to measure the brain’s electromagnetic field (EMF). Human volunteers donned helmets and were asked to perform repetitive tapping exercises in order to identify waves consistent with tapping from the left and right hemispheres. A gyroscope was utilized to ensure that measured waves were not from micro-movement but were from neuronal firing. Multiple individuals were tested to evaluate the reproducibility of tapping and commonalities between individualsResultsRight and left-sided tapping generated discernible wave changes from baseline measurements obtained by the helmet without a subject as well as differed from when the subject was at rest. Wave patterns varied from person to person but were overall similar in each subject individually. Shielding was necessary to identify signals but EMF was identified when shielding was transitioned from around the helmet to within the helmet design.ConclusionIt is possible to measure in-vivo electromagnetic fields generated by the human brain generated by stereotyped tasks in a non-contact non-invasive manner. These waves were reliably obtained within each individual with some variability in morphology from subject to subject however were similar in each subject. Signals varied based on activity and stereotyped motor activities were identified. A helmet using shielding technology within the helmet itself was able to effectively identify EMF signals. Future analysis may focus on translating these waves into functional mapping for clinical applications.

Highly Sensitive Fiber‐Optic Intrinsic Electromagnetic Field Sensing

Fiber‐optic sensing is resistant to electromagnetic interference; therefore, electromagnetic field sensing using fiber‐optic sensors is challenging. Herein, the first demonstration of fiber‐optic intrinsic electromagnetic field sensing based on modal interferometry with the highest reported sensitivity is presented (here, to be intrinsic means that the magnetic field interaction occurs only within the optical fiber, where there is no use of magnetic fluids or extrinsic structures). A fused polymer optical fiber (POF) is connected to two silica single‐mode fibers (SMFs) through an UV‐curing resin. Another interferometer with a nonfused POF is also fabricated, and the transmitted spectra of both the interferometers are compared in the presence of an electromagnetic field (0–240 mT). The results show the insensitivity of the nonfused POF interferometer and a mean sensitivity of 16.7 pm mT−1 for the fused POF interferometer, which presents a tenfold increase by changing the fused POF length from 2 to 5 cm, resulting in a sensitivity of 113.5 pm mT−1. The proposed intrinsic electromagnetic field sensor has the potential of measuring magnetic field intensities as low as 45 μT (considering its high sensitivity) with possibility of further increase with small changes in the signal acquisition components.

Terahertz Undulator Radiation of Stabilized Dense Electron Beams

Dense short electron bunches produced by state-of-the-art photoinjector-based accelerators are used to create sources of powerful electromagnetic pulses of terahertz frequency range based on spontaneous coherent emission by these bunches. However, there is a problem of stabilizing the phase dimension of a bunch along the space of electron wave interaction. In this work, two means of such stabilization are considered that are based on using the intrinsic electromagnetic fields (quasi-static and radiation) of bunches.

Diagnostics of rocket and jet engines through characteristics of the intrinsic electromagnetic field of combustion products

This paper presents the feasibility of using electrophysical methods to diagnose and tune the propulsion systems of rocket and space technology items by analyzing published experimental and theoretical results on the electrophysical characteristics of combustion processes and combustor discharge of liquid- and solid-propellant rocket and air-breathing jet engines. Data on the development of emergency protection systems for propulsion engines, based on monitoring the electrophysical characteristics of the propellant, are presented.

Gravity Caused by TEM Waves Operating on Dipoles in Atoms

The study displays the existence of a gravitational singularity in the universe generating synchronized and extremely low frequency plane TEM (transverse electromagnetic) waves. It is proposed that atomic intrinsic electromagnetic fields create resonance with these plane TEM waves, causing atoms to receive and to re-emit synchronized plane TEM waves. The energy flow of synchronized plane TEM waves, travelling in opposite directions between e.g. two atoms, creates mutual force of attraction, i.e. gravity. Consequently, gravity is not an intrinsic atomic feature; however, the result of passive atoms exposed to electromagnetic energy. The study describes how plane TEM waves emitted by the gravitational singularity were measured. The study also displays how gravity from the earth, moon, sun and the gravitational singularity was measured and how gravity was simulated using an electronic device. The present electromagnetic law of gravity is compared with Newtonian geometric law of gravity.

Solution of equations of motion of a relativistic multicomponent charged medium in the intrinsic electromagnetic field by the geometric method

In the system of the Maxwell–Lorentz equations for an N-component charged medium in the intrinsic electromagnetic field, a solution of 4N equations of motion that significantly decreases the differential order of the system is obtained.

Conditions for existence of a stationary relativistic compact beam torus

Conditions of creating an absolute magnetic trap for controllable thermonuclear fusion with the help of a high-current relativistic beam of charged particles are considered. It is demonstrated that these conditions are realized for a compact beam torus (CBT) in an intrinsic electromagnetic field. On the other hand, from the virial theorem it follows that for positive beam pressure and positive energy density of the electromagnetic field, no strictly stationary state exists in the empty Minkowski flat space-time.

Differential and integral conservation laws for a relativistic compact beam torus

For a compact charged medium interacting with an intrinsic electromagnetic field, the local and integral conservation laws along trajectories are investigated. Properties of a stationary compact beam torus are discussed.

Nonlinear wave mechanisms in interactions between excitable tissue and electromagnetic fields.

It is now well established that intrinsic electromagnetic fields play a key role in a broad range of tissue functions, including embryonic morphogenesis, wound healing, and information transmission in the nervous system. These same processes may be profoundly influenced by eletromagnetic fields induced by an external force. Tissue exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and ELF-modulated microwave fields at levels below those inducing significant thermal effects has revealed highly nonlinear mechanisms as a basis for observed effects. Interactions of phonons and excitons along linear molecules may produce nonlinear molecular vibrations in the form of soliton waves. Solitons exist in a minimal energy state and are extremely long-lived in comparison to linear oscillations. Solitons may convey energy released by chemical reactions from one site to another in enzymes of other long-chain proteins. These nonlinear waves may also couple reaction-diffusion processes in the intracellular and extracellular domains. A model is proposed for interaction between excitable tissue and electromagnetic fields, based on nonlinear waves in the cell membrane, with ionic interactions as an essential step. Calcium fluxes in the extracellular space of the central system are modeled by a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system. Membrane molecular solitons may exist in long-chain molecules (Davydov type) and play a significant role in charge transfer; or they may exist as nonlinear waves conveying energy along gel-lipid domains from one protein site to another (Sine-Gordon soliton). Soliton movements occur at subsonic velocities.

Particular solution of self-consistent-field equations of charged liquid

The system of Maxwell equations and Euler equations describing the interaction of a charged liquid with its intrinsic electromagnetic field reduces to nonlinear equations of a vector field. A class of accurate particular solutions is obtained for equations of motion in which, for media with a constant invariant density, the field equations transform to equations of Prock type.