Intrinsic Ability Research Articles

Circadian fruit phenology: An overlooked crucial aspect of plant‐frugivore interactions

Abstract The intrinsic ability of plants to face environmental diel changes is paramount for flowering and interactions with pollinators and herbivores. Surprisingly, despite the commendable research efforts on the ecology and evolution of fruit‐frugivore interactions, very little is known about how fruit ripening and dropping vary throughout 24‐h cycle. Even less is known about the potential consequences of circadian fruit phenology on plant interactions with mutualistic and antagonistic frugivores. We illustrate for the first time how the circadian pattern of fleshy fruit dropping and its matching/mismatching with the diel activity of functionally diverse frugivores (fruit/seed predators, seed dispersers, pulp feeders) can drive the outcome of complex multispecies plant‐frugivore interactions. To that end, we used camera trapping to quantify the circadian fruit dropping of a mammal‐dispersed tree, Pyrus bourgaeana, and the diel activity patterns of its functionally diverse vertebrate frugivores during two fruiting seasons in two tree populations of Mediterranean Spain. Using a large data set (20,878 frugivore visits and 701 fruit‐dropping records), we evaluate the adaptive hypothesis that the circadian pattern of fruit dropping will match the diel activity of seed dispersers rather than that of fruit/seed predators. Fruit dropping during daytime doubled that at night‐time, being considerably consistent across and within seasons, study sites and individual trees. Specifically, overlaps between circadian patterns of fruit dropping across and within seasons (0.83 and 0.84 ± 0.02, respectively), study sites (0.95) and individual trees (0.68 ± 0.01) were always high. Whereas seed dispersers (mammalian carnivores) were mostly nocturnal, the most frequent fruit/seed predators (cervids) were mostly diurnal. Consequently, and contrary to our expectations, circadian fruit dropping was more aligned with the diel activity of overabundant fruit/seed predators than with that of carnivore seed dispersers. Our study illustrates how quantifying the circadian patterns of fruit dropping, the diel activity of functionally diverse frugivores, and the matching/mismatching between both patterns can contribute to a better understanding of multispecies plant‐frugivore interactions. Circadian fruiting phenology is an overlooked key attribute for most tropical and temperate fruiting plants, which patterns, mechanisms and outcomes must be fully investigated. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

How Porosity Influences the Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Ability of Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles

AbstractDuring processing in deep convective cloud systems, highly viscous or glassy secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can develop a porous structure through a process known as atmospheric freeze‐drying. This structural modification may enhance their heterogeneous ice nucleation ability under cirrus conditions through the pore condensation and freezing mechanism. Pristine, compact SOA particles, on the other hand, are recommended to be treated as ice‐inactive in models. This recommendation also applies to internally mixed particles, where a coating layer of secondary organic matter (SOM) deactivates the intrinsic ice nucleation ability of the core, which may be a mineral dust grain. Ice cloud‐processing may also improve the ice nucleation ability of such a composite particle by inducing structural changes in the coating layer, which can release active sites on the mineral surface. In this work, we investigated the change in the ice nucleation ability of pure SOA particles from the ozonolysis of α‐pinene and two types of internally mixed particles (zeolite and coal fly ash particles coated with SOM) after being subjected to the atmospheric freeze‐drying process simulated in an expansion cloud chamber. For pure α‐pinene SOA, we found only a slight improvement in the ice nucleation ability of the ice cloud‐processed, porous particles compared to their pristine, compact counterparts at 221 and 217 K. In contrast, the zeolite and coal fly ash particles, which were initially deactivated by the organic coating, became significantly more ice‐active after atmospheric freeze‐drying, emphasizing that such composite particles cannot be excluded from model simulations of heterogeneous ice formation.

Dual-emission carbon dots-based biosensor for polarity/targeting bimodal recognition and mild photothermal therapy of tumor

It is essential to develop a multifunctional nanoplatform for biosensing, tumor diagnosis and treatment simultaneously. Herein, dual-emission fluorescent carbon dots (HA-CDs) were fabricated via a one-pot solvothermal method using spinach powder as carbon source and hyaluronic acid (HA) as targeting agent. The obtained HA-CDs exhibited outstanding optical properties, good targeted tumor and excellent photothermal conversion performance. Interestingly, HA-CDs can sensitively perceive the changes in polar environments attributed to the inherent ratiometric fluorescence characteristics, and combined with the intrinsic targeting tumor ability achieved tumor cell recognition. More importantly, the HA-CDs possess good photothermal conversion efficiency of 21.2 % to be beneficial for photothermal therapy of tumors. The survival rate of HeLa cells incubated with HA-CDs dramatically decreased to 14 % after 660 nm laser irradiation, revealing the significant tumor inhibition of HA-CDs in vitro. Notably, through individual intraperitoneal and intratumoral injection, it was found that HA-CDs demonstrated a similar tumor suppressed effect on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice exposed to laser irradiation, fully uncovering that HA-CDs can efficiently accumulate at tumor site by intraperitoneal injection. Besides, the histopathological analysis of major organs ex vivo revealed a good biosafety profile. Collectively, this strategy of designed HA-CDs provides a new multifunctional nanoplatform for potential clinical application.

Development of an evaluation list for older adult community-based rehabilitation needs through a Delphi method

Older adults’ functional and intrinsic abilities may decline with increasing age. The positive effects of comprehensive community-based rehabilitation services to maintain physical, mental, and social function are essential. Nevertheless, few tools are available to assess the community-based rehabilitation needs of older adults. Therefore, we aimed to construct a list for the comprehensive evaluation of community-based rehabilitation needs of older adults. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) was used to construct a first draft of the assessment list. From September to November 2023, 18 experts from five provinces and nine tertiary hospitals and institutions of higher education in China participated in this Delphi study. The older adult community-based rehabilitation needs evaluation list included six dimensions and 29 items. The weights of the six dimensions, from high to low, included mental function rehabilitation need (0.30), body function rehabilitation need (0.24), social participation need (0.18), individual activity rehabilitation need (0.14), environmental rehabilitation need (0.09) and rehabilitation information need (0.05). Using the Delphi method, an assessment list of older adult community-based rehabilitation needs based on ICF was developed. Future work should evaluate the list’s reliability and validity and its application in managing community-based rehabilitation for older adults.

Hydrolytically Degradable Zwitterionic Polyphosphazene Containing HEPES Moieties as Side Groups.

Zwitterionic polymers, ampholytic macromolecules containing ionic moieties of opposite sign on the same pendant groups, exhibit strong protein-repulsive properties and an inherent biological inertness. For that reason, these highly hydrated inner salt macromolecules have emerged as some of the most viable alternatives to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a gold standard in enabling stealth behavior in life science applications. However, the structural diversity of polymer zwitterions remains limited, and currently available macromolecules do not possess an intrinsic ability to undergo hydrolytical degradation, an important prerequisite for use in drug delivery applications. The present paper reports on the synthesis of a zwitterionic polymer, a multimerized form (two thousand copies), of a biologically benign buffering agent, HEPES, which is covalently assembled on a polyphosphazene backbone. The polymer exhibits typical polyzwitterionic solution behavior, an environmentally dependent hydrolytic degradation pattern, and excellent in vitro compatibility, features that highlight its potential utility for life science applications.

The Metallothionein System in Tetrahymena thermophila Is Iron-Inducible.

Metallothioneins are multifunctional proteins implicated in various cellular processes. They have been used as biomarkers of heavy metal exposure and contamination due to their intrinsic ability to bind heavy metals and their transcriptional response to both physiological and noxious metal ions such as cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of iron and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in the induction of the metallothionein system (Mtt) in the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. We investigated the relative mRNA abundances of the metallothionein genes Mtt1, Mtt2/4, and Mtt5, revealing for the first time their responsiveness to iron exposure. Furthermore, by using inhibitors of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), alone or in combination with iron, we highlighted the roles of superoxide ion and endogenous hydrogen peroxide, as well as the complex interplay between the metal and ROSs. These results enhance our understanding of the metallothionein system in ciliates and suggest that ROSs may be a primary evolutionary driver for the selection of these proteins in nature.

AAV-mediated genome editing is influenced by the formation of R-loops

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) hold an intrinsic ability to stimulate homologous recombination (AAV-HR) and are the most used in clinical settings for in vivo gene therapy. However, rAAVs also integrate throughout the genome. Here, we describe DNA-RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (DRIP-seq) in murine HEPA1-6 hepatoma cells and whole murine liver to establish the similarities and differences in genomic R-loop formation in a transformed cell line and intact tissue. We show enhanced AAV-HR in mice upon genetic and pharmacological upregulation of R-loops. Selecting the highly expressed Albumin gene as a model locus for genome editing in both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the R-loop prone, 3’ end of Albumin was efficiently edited by AAV-HR, whereas the upstream R-loop-deficient region did not result in detectable vector integration. In addition, we found a positive correlation between previously reported off-target rAAV integration sites and R-loop enriched genomic regions. Thus, we conclude that high levels of R-loops, present in highly transcribed genes, may promote rAAV vector genome integration. These findings may shed light on potential mechanisms for improving the safety and efficacy of genome editing by modulating R-loops and may enhance our ability to predict regions most susceptible to off-target insertional mutagenesis by rAAV vectors.

Mucosa-like differentiation of head and neck cancer cells is inducible and drives the epigenetic loss of cell malignancy

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly malignant disease with high death rates that have remained substantially unaltered for decades. Therefore, new treatment approaches are urgently needed. Human papillomavirus-negative tumors harbor areas of terminally differentiated tissue that are characterized by cornification. Dissecting this intrinsic ability of HNSCC cells to irreversibly differentiate into non-malignant cells may have tumor-targeting potential. We modeled the cornification of HNSCC cells in a primary spheroid model and analyzed the mechanisms underlying differentiation by ATAC-seq and RNA-seq. Results were verified by immunofluorescence using human HNSCC tissue of distinct anatomical locations. HNSCC cell differentiation was accompanied by cell adhesion, proliferation stop, diminished tumor-initiating potential in immunodeficient mice, and activation of a wound-healing-associated signaling program. Small promoter accessibility increased despite overall chromatin closure. Differentiating cells upregulated KRT17 and cornification markers. Although KRT17 represents a basal stem cell marker in normal mucosa, we confirm KRT17 to represent an early differentiation marker in HNSCC tissue. Cornification was frequently found surrounding necrotic areas in human tumors, indicating an involvement of pro-inflammatory stimuli. Indeed, inflammatory mediators activated the differentiation program in primary HNSCC cells. In HNSCC tissue, distinct cell differentiation states were found to create a common tissue architecture in normal mucosa and HNSCCs. Our data demonstrate a loss of cell malignancy upon faithful HNSCC cell differentiation, indicating that targeted differentiation approaches may be therapeutically valuable. Moreover, we describe KRT17 to be a candidate biomarker for HNSCC cell differentiation and early tumor detection.

Reprogramming with Atoh1, Gfi1, and Pou4f3 promotes hair cell regeneration in the adult organ of Corti

Abstract Cochlear hair cells can be killed by loud noises, ototoxic drugs, and natural aging. Once lost, mammalian hair cells do not naturally regenerate, leading to permanent hearing loss. Since the mammalian cochlea lacks any intrinsic ability to regenerate, genetic reprogramming of cochlear supporting cells that lie adjacent to hair cells is a potential option for hearing restoration therapies. We targeted cochlear supporting cells with three hair cell transcription factors: Atoh1, or Atoh1 + Gfi1, or Atoh1 + Gfi1 + Pou4f3 and found that 1- and 2-factor reprogramming is not sufficient to reprogram adult supporting cells into hair cells. However, activation of all three hair cell transcription factors reprogrammed some adult supporting cells into hair cell-like cells. We found that killing endogenous hair cells significantly improved the ability of supporting cells to be reprogrammed and regenerated numerous hair cell-like cells throughout the length of the cochlea. These regenerated hair cell-like cells expressed myosin VIIa and parvalbumin, as well as the mature outer hair cell protein prestin, were innervated, expressed proteins associated with ribbon synapses, and formed rudimentary stereociliary bundles. Finally, we demonstrate that supporting cells remained responsive to transcription factor reprogramming for at least 6 weeks after hair cell damage, suggesting that hair cell reprogramming may be effective in the chronically deafened cochlea.

Painting Rocks with Polarized Light

Abstract Exploring the intersection between science and art — Sciart — inevitably involves microscopy because of its intrinsic ability to reveal microscopic hidden worlds not normally accessible to the public. Aesthetic microscopy, mainly performed in the biosciences using optical and electron devices, has more recently included the world of rocks and minerals as viewed with polarized light microscopy. In this contribution, all images are only from quartz to demonstrate the project micROCKScopica, where thin slices of rocks are “painted” with polarized light. The results resemble abstract or impressionist works of art. Who would have imagined?

Exploring the pathogenesis of insomnia and acupuncture intervention strategies based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder observed in clinical settings, with a globally rising prevalence rate. It not only impairs sleep quality and daytime functioning but also contributes to a range of physiological and psychological conditions, often co-occurring with somatic and mental disorders. Currently, the pathophysiology of this condition is not fully understood. Treatment primarily involves symptomatic management with benzodiazepine receptor agonists, melatonin and its receptor agonists, sedative antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, and orexin receptor antagonists. However, due to the adverse side effects of these drugs, including dependency, addiction, and tolerance, there is an urgent need for safer, more effective, and environmentally friendly treatment methods. In recent years, research on the microbiota-gut-brain axis has received significant attention and is expected to be key in uncovering the pathogenesis of insomnia. Acupuncture stimulates acupoints, activating the body's intrinsic regulatory abilities and exerting multi-pathway, multi-target regulatory effects. A substantial body of evidence-based research indicates that acupuncture is effective in treating insomnia. However, the unclear mechanisms of its action have limited its further clinical application in insomnia treatment. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the pathogenesis of insomnia from the perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis by examining metabolic, neuro-endocrine, autonomic nervous, and immune pathways. Additionally, this study discusses the comprehensive application of acupuncture in treating insomnia, aiming to provide new strategies for its treatment.

Novel, active, and uncultured hydrocarbon-degrading microbes in the ocean.

Given the vast quantity of oil and gas input to the marine environment annually, hydrocarbon degradation by marine microorganisms is an essential ecosystem service. Linkages between taxonomy and hydrocarbon degradation capabilities are largely based on cultivation studies, leaving a knowledge gap regarding the intrinsic ability of uncultured marine microbes to degrade hydrocarbons. To address this knowledge gap, metagenomic sequence data from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill deep-sea plume was assembled to which metagenomic and metatranscriptomic reads were mapped. Assembly and binning produced new DWH metagenome-assembled genomes that were evaluated along with their close relatives, all of which are from the marine environment (38 total). These analyses revealed globally distributed hydrocarbon-degrading microbes with clade-specific substrate degradation potentials that have not been reported previously. For example, methane oxidation capabilities were identified in all Cycloclasticus. Furthermore, all Bermanella encoded and expressed genes for non-gaseous n-alkane degradation; however, DWH Bermanella encoded alkane hydroxylase, not alkane 1-monooxygenase. All but one previously unrecognized DWH plume member in the SAR324 and UBA11654 have the capacity for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. In contrast, Colwellia were diverse in the hydrocarbon substrates they could degrade. All clades encoded nutrient acquisition strategies and response to cold temperatures, while sensory and acquisition capabilities were clade specific. These novel insights regarding hydrocarbon degradation by uncultured planktonic microbes provides missing data, allowing for better prediction of the fate of oil and gas when hydrocarbons are input to the ocean, leading to a greater understanding of the ecological consequences to the marine environment.IMPORTANCEMicrobial degradation of hydrocarbons is a critically important process promoting ecosystem health, yet much of what is known about this process is based on physiological experiments with a few hydrocarbon substrates and cultured microbes. Thus, the ability to degrade the diversity of hydrocarbons that comprise oil and gas by microbes in the environment, particularly in the ocean, is not well characterized. Therefore, this study aimed to utilize non-cultivation-based 'omics data to explore novel genomes of uncultured marine microbes involved in degradation of oil and gas. Analyses of newly assembled metagenomic data and previously existing genomes from other marine data sets, with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic read recruitment, revealed globally distributed hydrocarbon-degrading marine microbes with clade-specific substrate degradation potentials that have not been previously reported. This new understanding of oil and gas degradation by uncultured marine microbes suggested that the global ocean harbors a diversity of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, which can act as primary agents regulating ecosystem health.

Boron Cluster Anions Dissolve en masse in Lipids Causing Membrane Expansion and Thinning

Boron clusters are applied in medicinal chemistry because of their high stability in biological environments and intrinsic ability to capture neutrons. However, their intermolecular interactions with lipid membranes, which is critical for their cellular delivery and biocompatibility, have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we combine different experimental methods – Langmuir monolayer isotherms at the air‐water interface, calorimetry (DSC, ITC), and scattering techniques (DLS, SAXS) – with MD simulations to evaluate the impact of closo‐dodecaborate clusters on model membranes of different lipid composition. The cluster anions interact strongly with zwitterionic membranes (POPC and DPPC) via the chaotropic effect and cause pronounced expansions of lipid monolayers. The resulting lipid membranes contain up to 33 mol% and up to 52 weight% of boron cluster anions even at low aqueous cluster concentrations (1 mM). They show high (μM) affinity to the hydrophilic‐hydrophobic interface, affecting the structuring of the lipid chains, and triggering a sequence of characteristic effects: (i) an expansion of the surface area per lipid, (ii) an increase in membrane fluidity, and (iii) a reduction of bilayer thickness. These results aid the design of boron cluster derivatives as auxiliaries in drug design and transmembrane carriers and help rationalize potential toxicity effects.

How does peer feedback impact academic performance? An empirical investigation in an undergraduate business context

ABSTRACT This study explores the peer feedback process with first-year undergraduate business students at an Irish University. This research explicitly examines (1) whether the act of generating or receiving high-quality peer feedback had a significant impact on student performance (grades) and (2) participants’ attitudes to peer feedback (pre and post-process). A mixed methods approach was adopted where the data gathered included draft and final assignment grades, content analysis and quality ratings of peer feedback and responses to student attitude and perception questionnaires. Results demonstrate that the quality of peer feedback generated has a statistically significant impact on students’ final grades. While the feedback received is often seen as the main benefit derived from the peer feedback process, this study provides empirical evidence that students who generated high quality feedback, were able to self-evaluate and enhance their own work which resulted in improved performance. Together with positive attitudes, this finding suggests that there is more scope to support and encourage students’ role as assessor in higher education. A limitation of the study is that it did not control for intrinsic motivation or innate academic ability.

Looming stimuli reliably drive innate defensive responses in male rats, but not learned defensive responses

Survival relies on an organism's intrinsic ability to instinctively react to stimuli such as food, water, and threats, ensuring the fundamental ability to feed, drink, and avoid danger even in the absence of prior experience. These natural, unconditioned stimuli can also facilitate associative learning, where pairing them consistently with neutral cues will elicit responses to these cues. Threat conditioning, a well-explored form of associative learning, commonly employs painful electric shocks, mimicking injury, as unconditioned stimuli. It remains elusive whether actual injury or pain is necessary for effective learning, or whether the threat of harm is sufficient. Approaching predators create looming shadows and sounds, triggering strong innate defensive responses like escape and freezing. This study investigates whether visual looming stimuli can induce learned freezing or learned escape responses to a conditioned stimulus in male rats. Surprisingly, pairing a neutral tone with a looming stimulus only weakly evokes learned defensive responses, in contrast to the strong responses observed when the looming stimulus is replaced by a shock. This dissociation sheds light on the boundaries for learned defensive responses thereby impacting our comprehension of learning processes and defensive strategies.

Pseudocapacitive Na ion storage in binder-less, carbon additive-free Nb2O5-x electrode synthesised via solvothermal-assisted electro-coating with enhanced areal capacitance and lowered impedance parameters

Negatrodes with wide negative operating voltage, high electrochemical storage capacity, and intrinsic metal ion intercalation abilities are vital to the continuous development of storage devices with simultaneous energy and power density improvement. Herein, we report binder-less coating of non-stoichiometric vacancy-implanted Nb2O5-x as carbon additive-free negatrode on FTO substrate for asymmetric supercapacitor and sodium ion capacitor applications. The negatrode was fabricated through vacuum-less and low-temperature solvothermal-assisted electro-coating technique and yielded several orders of enhancement in its areal capacitance and retained ca. 90 % of its capacity after 5000 cycles of charge-discharge in aqueous Na+ electrolyte. The solvothermal treated electro-coated electrode (STT_Nb2O5-x) achieved an areal capacitance of 22.58 mF/cm2, which was far higher than those of hydrothermal-treated electro-coated HTT_Nb2O5 and Nb2O5 electrodes. The solvothermal treatment simultaneously enhanced the electro-coated samples' impedance properties and mass load through oxygen vacancy implantation and re-crystallization of the electro-coated Nb2O5 layer, respectively. This study presented a facile and energy-efficient technique of direct coating of defect-enhanced pseudocapacitive nanomaterials for the fabrication of electrochemical storage devices.

Costa Rican fungi as potential biomaterials

Fungal biomaterials are gaining relevance due to their intrinsic ability of self-repair, higher sensitivity to external conditions and faster growth respective to synthetic materials. This project consists of evaluating and characterizing the physical properties of fungal strains isolated from a Pacific Coast Mangrove in Costa Rica. We identified environmental strains by recording their morphological features and complemented this by ITS-based DNA barcoding, and subsequently, classified three strains based on morphological features and seven strains by molecular analyses. Ongoing work is being done to measure electrical responses of these fungi upon light stimulation; in addition, a protocol for studying their piezoelectric properties is being developed to identify potential candidates to be used in the field of electronics. To the extent of our knowledge, our project is the first one to report piezoelectric properties from microscopic fungi in Costa Rica as means to determine its potential as biomaterials.

Construction of multiple interpenetrati ng network electric field-assisted healing hydrogel composite damage-resistant membrane

Inspired by the intrinsic self-healing ability of organisms, this study proposes to incorporate healing properties into separation membranes that are susceptible to physical damage during installation, operation, maintenance, and cleaning. The polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel-modified layer was first obtained by in situ cross-linking and free radical polymerization in this research. After that, the construction of multiple interpenetrating three-dimensional (3D) network hydrogel-modified layers was realized via inserting amininated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-NH2) and Fe3+. Under the external effect of the electric field, the reversible dynamic linkage bonded in the conductive network constructed by CNTs-NH2 and Fe3+ benefited the rearrangement and diffusion of PAA molecular chains at the fractured interface. The dye separation performance of the composite membrane was restored to ca. 90 % of the initial level without affecting the dynamic operation after damage. The hydrogel-modified layer can be structurally stabilized for as long as 100 days. The Fe3+/CNTs-NH2/PAA/PES hydrogel composite membrane maintained a pure water flux of as high as 124.66 L m−2 h−1∙bar−1. This coating also exhibited excellent electrical conductivity (714.33 Ω/sq), mechanical strength (4.31 Mpa), repair, and screening capabilities. It provides a theoretical basis for achieving industrial scale-up and demonstrates good application prospects and empowerment potential.

A review on the implementation of lower-limb exoskeletons to improve the intrinsic capacity and functional ability of older adults

A review on the implementation of lower-limb exoskeletons to improve the intrinsic capacity and functional ability of older adults

REVOLUTIONIZING POWER TRANSFORMER FAULT DIAGNOSIS THROUGH COGNITIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS INTEGRATION

The research introduces a cognitive artificial intelligence (CAI) model that leverages dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to investigate power transformer faults. Conventional fault interpretation methods using DGA are limited in accuracy and uncertainty. In response, the proposed CAI model utilizes cognitive learning and direct interaction to achieve remarkably accurate fault identification without the need for supervised training. By extracting fault features through key gas ratio limitations. However, the CAI model also has a gap in data perception due to the information sensory challenges. Using gas ratios based on the conventional fault interpretation methods in the latest study still limited data perception of the CAI model to only three or four gas ratios. Thus, this study aims to increase data perception by extracting fault features through ten gas ratio limitations. The proposed CAI model's performance is validated, outperforming traditional methods like the Duval triangle method, Duval pentagon method, Doernenburg ratio method, and Roger ratio method, as well as common AI approaches including artificial neuron network, long short-term memory, nearest neighbor classifiers, support vector machine, ensemble classifiers, and decision trees. Notably, the CAI model's success rate in fault type identification stands at an impressive 98.04%. A distinctive trait of the CAI model is its autonomous knowledge accumulation and enhancement, enabled by inferring-fusion information and sensor-based knowledge integration. This intrinsic learning ability further contributes to its exceptional fault diagnosis accuracy. The proposed CAI model showcases promising potential for revolutionizing power transformer fault investigation and diagnosis, mitigating unplanned outages, and ultimately bolstering power system reliability.