Intravenous Ketorolac Research Articles

The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate plus Ketorolac versus Morphine plus Ketorolac on Pain Relief in Patients with Renal Colic: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Background: It seems that magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) can be useful in reducing acute pain caused by stone passing through the ureter by reducing ureteral smooth muscle contractions. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MgSO4 plus ketorolac versus morphine plus ketorolac on pain relief in renal colic. Methods: The present double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 70 patients with renal colic divided into two groups. Patients in the first group received 30 mg intravenous ketorolac plus 5 mg intravenous morphine while patients in the second group received 30 mg/kg MgSO4 plus 30 mg intravenous ketorolac. Then, patients’ hemodynamic parameters and pain scores were evaluated before and 20, 40, and 60 min after the intervention. Results: Within 60 min of administration, systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in the morphine plus ketorolac group (P < 0.001) while there was no significant change in the MgSO4 plus ketorolac group in this regard (P = 0.576). In addition, the patients’ mean pain scores were not significantly different between the two groups in any of the studied times (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Given that the addition of MgSO4 to ketorolac, as compared with the addition of morphine (as a drug) to ketorolac, has been associated with fewer complications and greater stability of hemodynamic parameters, it can be stated that the use of MgSO4 as an adjunct can be a good choice for further pain relief in patients with contraindications for drug administrations.

Efficacy of Laparoscopic-Assisted Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To analyze efficacy of laparoscopic administered Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block on pain scores and opioid consumption in the first 24 hours in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study design and setting: The randomized, double-blinded trial was conducted in surgical unit, Shalamar Medical & Dental College Lahore from September 2019 to March 2020. Methodology: 100 patients of either gender scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included using consecutive probability sampling method. After informed consent, patients were randomized into Intervention TAP GroupA and Control Group-B. Intervention TAP Group-A received laparoscopic aided TAP block with 20ml 0.5% Ropivacaine in subcostal region while Control Group-B received 20ml saline solution which was used as placebo. Both groups received paracetamol 1gm intravenous eight-hourly and Ketorolac 30mg intravenous 12-hourly. Nalbuphine 5mg intravenous was administered as “rescue analgesic” in patients having pain score of four or above. Postoperative pain scores at rest and on coughing were documented using numerical rating scores (VAS) at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Results: There was a significant difference (p-value=0.038, 0.000, 0.025, 0.000, 0.000) in pain scores over the first 24 hours postoperatively in laparoscopically assisted Intervention TAP Group-A. The total nalbuphine consumption was significantly reduced in Intervention TAP Group-A as compared to Control Group-B. Conclusions: Laparoscopic administered TAP block significantly reduced postoperative pain and total opioid consumption following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Scheduled intravenous ketorolac is safe and reduces narcotic use after robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy.

We sought to examine whether scheduled intravenous (IV) ketorolac decreased post-operative narcotic utilization and changed peri-operative outcomes (including complications) in patients undergoing robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP). An IRB-approved, retrospective chart review was performed of all patients undergoing RASP at a single institution from November 2017 to July 2019. Patient demographic, peri-operative, and post-operative data, including morphine equivalent use (MEU), were collected. Scheduled ketorolac use was implemented at the surgeon's discretion for up to 5days post-operatively. The primary outcome was MEU in the post-operative stay. Two hundred seven men underwent RASP during the study period, of which 143 (69%) received scheduled ketorolac. No differences in patient demographics, prostate size, prior opioid utilization, or operative characteristics were identified between groups. Median MEU was significant less (5 vs 15, p < 0.001) in patients receiving scheduled ketorolac. Significantly more patients receiving scheduled ketorolac did not require the use of any narcotic during hospitalization (30% vs 11%, p = 0.005). On multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, BMI, prior opioid use, and length of stay, ketorolac use independently associated with decreased narcotic use (p = 0.003). No significant difference in transfusion rates were identified (3.5% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.44). Scheduled ketorolac is effective in reducing post-operative, in-hospital opioid utilization without increasing morbidity after RASP. Almost a third of patients on scheduled ketorolac did not require any opioids post-operatively.

Ketorolac Dose Ceiling Effect for Pediatric Headache in the Emergency Department

OBJECTIVE This study sought to demonstrate a non-inferiority analgesic ceiling effect previously ­demonstrated within adults for pediatric patients receiving a maximum ketorolac dose of 15 mg. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric ED patients weighing at least 60 kg treated with 30 mg (pre-intervention) or 15 mg (post-intervention) intravenous (IV) ketorolac for headache. The primary outcome included patient-reported pain scores. Additional outcomes included demographic variables, adjunct medication use and adverse effects. Categorical data were evaluated using a χ2 test, and numerical data were evaluated using an ANOVA F test and Welch 2-sample t test. RESULTS The pre- and post-intervention groups included 216 and 62 patients, respectively. Overall demographics were similar between the groups (72.3% female, 49.3% White/Caucasian, mean age 15.5 years, mean weight 79.2 kg, and mean baseline 10-point pain score 7.5). Twelve (5.6%) in the pre-intervention group required rescue analgesic compared with 2 patients (3.2%) in the post-intervention group (p = 0.416). In the pre-intervention group, 198 patients (91.7%) received nausea medication compared with 52 patients (83.9%) in the post-intervention group (p = 0.087). Mean 10-point pain scores following ketorolac administration decreased by 3.9 in the pre-intervention group compared with 5.1 in the post-intervention group (p = &amp;lt; 0.001). Common (0.9%) or rare (0.9%) side effects were infrequent and only seen in the pre-intervention group patients. CONCLUSIONS Truncating the maximum intravenous ketorolac dose in pediatric patients at least 60 kg in weight to 15 mg compared with 30 mg results in effective analgesia in pediatric patients with headache. Future research could explore differences in admission rates, treatment of other indications, or treatment with multiple-dose regimens.

Remote electrical neuromodulation to treat children and adolescents with migraine in the emergency department: Arandomized double-dummy pilot trial.

Using a double-dummy pilot randomized controlled trial design, we aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of comparing remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) to typical care intravenous pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of children and adolescents visiting the emergency department (ED) with migraine, and to compare parallel-group versus crossover trial designs. There are limited data to guide the management of migraine in the ED. Children and adolescents are interested in neuromodulation, and specifically REN, for treatment in this setting, but there are no existing data on this approach. We employed a double-dummy, double-blind, pilot randomized controlled trial that tested two designs in two phases: a parallel-group design and a crossover design (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05102591). The intervention arms consisted of: (i) active REN stimulation with matched normal saline placebo intravenously, and (ii) matched sham REN stimulation, intravenous metoclopramide (0.15 mg/kg, maximum 10 mg), and intravenous ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg, maximum 30 mg). Youth aged 8.0-<18.0 years visiting a Canadian tertiary care pediatric ED with migraine attacks as per criteria B-E of the International Classification of Headache Disorders third edition were eligible. Primary outcomes were focused on trial feasibility and acceptability, and preliminary efficacy and safety data were also collected. A total of 34% (22/65) of those who screened eligible were enrolled. Three participants (14%) withdrew prior to receiving any study interventions. In all, 10 participants were allocated to typical care, and nine to REN. All treated participants (19/19) completed all assessments. Recruitment was higher during the parallel-group phase: 1.1 participants/month versus 0.6 participants/month, and 36% (17/47) versus 28% (five of 18) of screened eligible were enrolled in the parallel-group and crossover phases, respectively. Participants reported positive impressions of REN use in the ED, e.g., higher mean (standard deviation [SD]) levels of interest in using REN only at 3.7 (1.0) versus 2.8 (1.0) in using intravenous interventions only for a future ED visit. Participants and clinical staff reported overall positive impressions regarding the study protocol. Employing an 11-point pain numerical rating scale, the mean (SD) reduction in pain severity score was 2.1 (1.3) and 2.9 (2.9) from baseline to 1 h, and 2.4 (1.6) and 4.0 (3.5) from baseline to 2 h for REN and intravenous interventions, respectively. One participant in the typical care group and none in the REN group experienced adverse events. We demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of our trial protocol and of using REN to treat youth presenting to the ED with migraine. The parallel-group design generated a higher recruitment rate than the crossover design. Our preliminary efficacy and safety data suggest that REN could be non-inferior to typical care, but we were not powered for these outcomes. Further research on REN's use in the ED setting is warranted.

Comparing postoperative pain relief: ketorolac and nasocalcin spray versus lidocaine and nasocalcin spray in abdominal surgery patients

Objectives: Postoperative pain management is critical for patient recovery after abdominal surgery. This study compared intravenous lidocaine and ketorolac for reducing postoperative pain and opioid use, along with Nasocalcin nasal spray. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 58 abdominal surgery patients were allocated to receive either intravenous lidocaine plus Nasocalcin spray (n=29) or intravenous ketorolac plus Nasocalcin spray (n=29) before surgery. Pain intensity (visual analog scale) and postoperative opioid consumption were assessed at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Results: Patients receiving ketorolac plus Nasocalcin spray reported significantly lower pain scores at all time points compared to lidocaine plus Nasocalcin (P&lt;0.001). Average 24-hour pain scores were 4.5 with ketorolac versus 5.1 with lidocaine. Mean opioid consumption was also lower in the ketorolac group (31.9 mg) versus the lidocaine group (43.9 mg, P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative ketorolac plus Nasocalcin nasal spray resulted in superior pain relief and less opioid use compared to lidocaine plus Nasocalcin after abdominal surgery. Ketorolac may be a more effective analgesic option, while Nasocalcin spray is a safe adjunct. These findings can inform clinical practice for optimizing postoperative analgesia.

An Opioid-Sparing Pain Protocol of Intravenous and Oral Ketorolac Reduces Opioid Consumption and Pain Levels After Arthroscopic Meniscus Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial

The primary purpose was to compare ketorolac to oxycodone-acetaminophen with respect to pain and opioid consumption after arthroscopic meniscus surgery. The secondary purpose was to compare short-term functional outcomes between the 2 protocols. A power analysis demonstrated that 43 patients were required. In this randomized control trial, patients with meniscal pathology undergoing arthroscopic meniscus surgery were included. Group 1 received oxycodone-acetaminophen alone. Group 2 received 1 dose of intravenous ketorolac intraoperatively, oral ketorolac upon discharge, and "rescue" oxycodone-acetaminophen. Patients recorded the number of opioid tablets consumed and visual analog pain scale (VAS) scores 3 times per day for 5 days postoperatively. Opioids were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs). VAS, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were obtained. Forty-eight patients were randomized. There were 25 patients in the control group and 23 patients in the ketorolac group. The mean (SD) age was 47.9 (14.3) years. Fifty-two percent (n= 25) of the population were female. Three patients (6.3%) underwent meniscal repair. During the first 5 days postoperatively, the mean VAS score (β= -13.2, SE= 5.97, P= .029) and the MMEs consumed were significantly lower (β= -4.7, SE= 1.93, P= .015) per time point in the ketorolac group relative to the control group. The control group had better Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (mean [SD] 80.6 [18.5] vs 65 [21.5], P= .016) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (mean [SD], 74.1 [16.7] vs 61.9 [18.6], P= .029) scores at 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in the rates of side effects. An opioid-sparing pain protocol of intravenous and oral ketorolac is associated with significant reductions in VAS scores and MME consumption in the first 5 days after arthroscopic meniscus surgery. There were significant differences in patient-reported outcomes at final follow-up, favoring the control group. There were no significant differences in adverse reactions and side effects. Therapeutic Level II, prospective randomized controlled trial.

Comparison Of Ketorolac Versus Ibuprofen For Postoperative Pain Management In Total Abdominal Hystrectomy Surgeries

Background - Postoperative pain management is crucial for ensuring patient comfort and promoting faster recovery. Pharmacological interventions, such as NSAIDs, play an essential role in reducing pain intensity while minimizing opioid-related side effects. Ketorolac, a potent NSAID, and ibuprofen are both commonly used for pain relief. This study focuses on comparing the efficacy of these two drugs for pain management in total abdominal hysterectomy surgeries. Aim -To assess and compare the effects of intravenous ketorolac and intravenous ibuprofen on postoperative pain management in total abdominal hysterectomy patients. Materials and Methods: A randomized single-blind study was conducted on 30 patients, divided into two groups (Group K: ketorolac, Group I: ibuprofen). Various parameters, including VAS pain scores, sedation, time for rescue analgesia, and the number of rescue analgesics, were compared. Participants: 30 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy, randomized into two groups (Group K: ketorolac, Group I: ibuprofen). Inclusion Criteria: Patients between 18 and 65 years of age undergoing elective surgery, ASA grade I or II. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with NSAID hypersensitivity, coagulation disorders, bronchial asthma, hepatic or renal failure, and peptic ulcers. Methodology: Patients received lumbar subarachnoid block, followed by either 30 mg of ketorolac or 800 mg of ibuprofen postoperatively. Rescue analgesics were provided if needed. Results: The postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the ibuprofen group. Time for first rescue analgesia and the total number of rescue analgesics required were also lower in the ibuprofen group

Comparison of Preemptive Intravenous Ketorolac vs Intravenous Paracetamol on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries under General Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study

Comparison of Preemptive Intravenous Ketorolac vs Intravenous Paracetamol on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries under General Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study

Comparison of Intravenous Paracetamol and Intravenous Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Control After Hip Surgery

Objective: To compare the analgesic effects of intravenous paracetamol versus ketorolac to control pain after hip surgery. Methodology: This prospective comparative study was conducted at Ali Medical Centre Islamabad from Dec 2022-Dec 2023. One hundred and eighteen (n=118) patients who underwent hip surgeries were included in this study. Patients were equally distributed into two groups. In group A, intravenous Paracetamol was administered for post-surgery analgesia. In group B, intravenous ketorolac was utilized for pain relief. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain in both groups at 2, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 48-hours post-surgery. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS version 23. Results: One hundred and eighteen (n=118) patients had a mean age of 61.5±0.5 years. 43(36.4%) patients were male and 75(63.6%) patients were female. Significant pain (VAS score &gt;4) in Group A at 2, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 48-hours post-surgery was present in 29(49.1%), 9(15.2%), 9(15.2%), 7(11.8%), and 18(30.5%) patients respectively. In Group B, the significant pain (VAS score &gt;4) was recorded at the same time intervals, in 6(10.1%), 4(6.7%), 2(3.3%), 1(1.6%), and 3(5.0%) patients respectively. The mean doses of rescue analgesia required in Group A was 1.3±0.5 and in Group B, it was 0.3±0.6 (p-value ? 0.001). Conclusion: Intravenous ketorolac provides better analgesia than paracetamol after hip surgery. Moreover, doses of rescue analgesia required with intravenous paracetamol were more as compared to ketorolac.

Intravenous ibuprofen versus ketorolac for perioperative pain control in open abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundWe aimed to compare the analgesic effects of intravenous ibuprofen to ketorolac after open abdominal hysterectomy.MethodsThis randomized double-blinded controlled trial included adult women scheduled for elective open abdominal hysterectomy. Participants were randomized to receive either 30 mg ketorolac (n = 50) or 800 mg ibuprofen (n = 50) preoperatively, then every 8 h postoperatively for 24 h. All participants received paracetamol 1 gm/6 h. Rescue analgesic was given if the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain assessment was > 3. The primary outcome was the mean postoperative dynamic VAS during the first 24 h. Secondary outcomes were static VAS, intraoperative fentanyl consumption, postoperative morphine consumption, time to independent movement, and patient’s satisfaction.ResultsForty-six patients in the ibuprofen group and fifty patients in the ketorolac group were analyzed. The 24-h dynamic and static VAS were similar in the two groups. The median (quartiles) dynamic VAS was 1.1 (0.9, 1.9) in the ibuprofen group versus 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) in the ketorolac group, P-value = 0.116; and the median (quartiles) static VAS was 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) in the ibuprofen group versus 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) in the ketorolac group, P-value = 0.113. The intra- and postoperative analgesic requirements were also similar in the two groups. However, patient satisfaction was slightly higher in the ketorolac group than that in the ibuprofen group (median [quartiles]: 6 [5, 7] versus 5 [4, 7], respectively), P-value: 0.009.ConclusionThe two drugs, intravenous ibuprofen and ketorolac produced similar analgesic profile in patients undergoing open abdominal hysterectomy receiving multimodal analgesic regimen. NCT05610384, Date of registration: 09/11/2022Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05610384. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05610384

Intravenous ketorolac versus intravenous dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia after hypospadias repair

ABSTRACT Hypospadias repair surgery, though necessary, can be painful after the procedure, especially for children. Effective pain management is essential in all surgeries, but particularly in pediatric procedures. The current study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of intravenous ketorolac versus dexmedetomidine after hypospadias repair surgery. Patients and methods A total of 60 children aged between 2 and 7 years old undergoing hypospadias repair under general anesthesia enrolled in the study. Those children were randomly divided into either group Ketorolac (group A) or Dexmedetomidine group (group B). Group (A) included 30 patients who received IV ketorolac in a dose 0.9 mg/kg after intubation for general anesthesia while group (B) included 30 patients who received IV dexmedetomidine in a dose 1 μg/kg after intubation. Pain scores (FLACC), sedation and emergence agitation (EA) scores, 1st analgesic dose, hemodynamics, and any side events were recorded. Results The main finding in this study was that group (B) had significantly lower FLACC at different postoperative times compared to group n(A)with p < 0.05; with exception at 4th and 12th hours. It was found that FLACC was zero in group (B) till the 6th hour postoperatively. All patients in the studied groups had sedation scale was 3 starting from the 4th postoperative hour. Immediate and 2-hour postoperatively, the score was significantly higher among the dexmedetomidine group.Two patients developed EA in group A but non in group B. Conclusion Adjuvant intravenous dexmedetomidine is more effective than intravenous ketorolac in postoperative analgesia children after hypospadias repair surgery under general anaesthesia.

Single-bolus injection of local anesthetic, with or without continuous infusion, for interscalene brachial plexus block in the setting of multimodal analgesia: a randomized controlled unblinded trial

IntroductionPrevious trials favored a continuous interscalene brachial plexus block over a single injection for major shoulder surgery. However, these trials did not administer a multimodal analgesic regimen. This randomized, controlled...

Opioid-Sparing Nonsteroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs Protocol in Patients Undergoing Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Shaft Fractures: A Randomized Control Trial.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective analgesics commonly used in fracture management. Although previously associated with delayed fracture healing, multiple studies have demonstrated their safety, with minimal risks of fracture healing. Given the current opioid crisis in the United States, alternate pain control modalities are essential to reduce opioid consumption. This study aims to determine whether the combination of oral acetaminophen and intravenous ketorolac is a viable alternative to opioid-based pain management in closed tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. We conducted a randomized controlled trial evaluating postoperative pain control and opioid consumption in patients with closed tibial shaft fractures who underwent intramedullary nailing. Patients were randomized into an NSAID-based pain control group (52 patients) and an opioid-based pain control group (44 patients). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores and morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) were evaluated at 12-hour postoperative intervals during the first 48 hours after surgery. Nonunion and delayed healing rates were recorded for both groups. A statistically significant decrease in MMEs was noted at every measured interval (12, 24, 36, and 48 hours) in the NSAID group compared with the opioid group ( P -value 0.001, 0.001, 0.040, 0.024, respectively). No significant change in visual analog scale scores was observed at 12, 36, and 48 hours between both groups ( P -value 0.215, 0.12, and 0.083, respectively). A significant decrease in VAS scores was observed at the 24-hour interval in the NSAID group compared with the opioid group ( P -value 0.041). No significant differences in union rates were observed between groups ( P -value 0.820). Using an NSAID-based postoperative pain protocol led to a decrease in opioid consumption without affecting pain scores or union rates. Owing to the minimal risk of short-term NSAID use, their role in the perioperative management of tibia shaft fractures is justified, especially when they reduce opioid consumption markedly. Therapeutic Level I.

Does Scheduled Low-Dose Short-Term NSAID (Ketorolac) Modulate Cytokine Levels After Orthopaedic Polytrauma? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

To determine whether scheduled low-dose, short-term ketorolac modulates cytokine concentrations in orthopaedic polytrauma patients. Secondary analysis of a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Single Level I trauma center from August 2018 to October 2022. Orthopaedic polytrauma patients between 18 and 75 years with a New Injury Severity Score greater than 9 were enrolled. Participants were randomized to receive 15 mg of intravenous ketorolac every 6 hours for up to 5 inpatient days or 2 mL of intravenous saline similarly. Daily concentrations of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin (IL)-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-10. Clinical outcomes included hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, pulmonary complications, and acute kidney injury. Seventy orthopaedic polytrauma patients were enrolled, with 35 participants randomized to the ketorolac group and 35 to the placebo group. The overall IL-10 trend over time was significantly different in the ketorolac group ( P = 0.043). IL-6 was 65.8% higher at enrollment compared to day 3 ( P < 0.001) when aggregated over both groups. There was no significant treatment effect for prostaglandin E2, IL-1a, or IL-1b ( P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between groups ( P > 0.05). Scheduled low-dose, short-term, intravenous ketorolac was associated with significantly different mean trends in IL-10 concentration in orthopaedic polytrauma patients with no significant differences in prostaglandin E2, IL-1a, IL-1b, or IL-6 levels between groups. The treatment did not have an impact on clinical outcomes of hospital or intensive care unit length of stay, pulmonary complications, or acute kidney injury. Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Comparison of The Level of Satisfaction With The Use of Analgesics Ketorolac 30 Mg and Paracetamol 1000 Mg in Moderate Post-Operative Patients

&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pain is an uncomfortable feeling that can be an emotional experience and has the potential to cause real tissue damage. Post-operative events can cause patients to feel pain in certain parts of the body. In post-operative care to reduce pain, patients are given NSAID (Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) analgesic drugs, and the drugs commonly used are Ketorolac 30mg and Paracetamol 1000mg. The use of analgesics is said to be effective if the patient's perception shows satisfaction after using the analgesic. The research was conducted to see the level of patient satisfaction in using the analgesic intravenous injection of ketorolac 30mg and intravenous infusion of paracetamol 1000mg. This research used a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design with double blinds. Data collection was carried out in April–July 2021 at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Then the data obtained was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. There were 40 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis results show a significance value of 0.006&amp;lt;0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a difference in satisfaction with the use of analgesics. The research showed that the level of satisfaction with the use of the analgesic intravenous injection Ketorolac 30mg in mild to moderate post-operative patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital was higher than the use of intravenous infusion Paracetamol 1000mg. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;We suggest conducting additional research with a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; larger and more diverse sample to yield results applicable to a broader population.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;We also &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;recommend the routine use of 30mg ketorolac injection.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords : Anti-pain, postperative, satisfaction level&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

Comparison between Diclofenac Sodium and Ketorolac in the Management of Post-Appendectomy Pain

Aim: To compare the Diclofenac Sodium and ketorolac in the management of post-appendectomy pain. Study design: Single blinded analytical comparative trial Place and duration of study: Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore from 01-03-2022 to 30-11-2022. Methodology: One hundred and twenty three patients within 8-48 years who were suffering from acute appendicitis and required appendectomy were randomly selected. They were randomly divided into two groups. One was Diclofenac sodium group which had 61 cases in it and was selected to receive Diclofenac Sodium post-surgery. The other group having 62 patients was ketorolac group receiving ketorolac for pain relief. The patients received the pain killer post 30 and then 60 minutes after their surgery. The comparative results and efficacy of each pain killer was analyzed and assessed through faces pain scale. Results: The mean age of the patients was 20.5±5.5 in diclofenac sodium and 21.3±6.1 in Ketorolac group. There were 75.4% males in former group while 62.9% in later group. The mean value of BMI was within normal range in both groups. The pain score recorded highest number of cases in Diclofenac Sodium and ketorolac group at score 02 within 30 minutes after surgery while the pain score significantly dropped in ketorolac group in 60 minutes to score 00 while it persisted highest in score 02 among patients given Diclofenac Sodium. Conclusion: Intravenous ketorolac has advanced analgesic effect than Diclofenac Sodium with a substantial low risk involved in cases of appendectomy. Key Words: Appendicitis, NSAIDS, Ketorolac, Diclofenac, Management.

Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen versus Intravenous Ketorolac for Postoperative Pain Following Septorhinoplasty

Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen versus Intravenous Ketorolac for Postoperative Pain Following Septorhinoplasty

Comparison of postoperative analgesia by preemptive use of intravenous paracetamol and intravenous ketorolac in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries

Comparison of postoperative analgesia by preemptive use of intravenous paracetamol and intravenous ketorolac in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries

The effectiveness of intravenous ibuprofen versus intravenous ketorolac for postoperative pain relief after caesarean section

Background Caesarean deliveries are currently the most frequent surgical procedure performed worldwide. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently used to control postoperative pain as a part of the multimodal analgesia technique. We studied the efficacy of intravenous ibuprofen versus intravenous ketorolac to relieve postoperative pain following caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia. Patients and methods Fifty adult parturients aged 20–30 were studied and classified to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class II scheduled for elective caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia. Patients were divided into groups: group A (n=25), 30 mg ketorolac in 200 ml normal saline every 6 h, and group B (n=25), 800 mg ibuprofen in 200 ml normal saline every 6 h. They were evaluated for haemodynamic stability, visual analog score (VAS) score, 24-h opioid requirement, time to ambulate, and time to first analgesic dose. Results Group B (ibuprofen group) showed a lower VAS score through all the 24 h postoperatively at rest and during movement with allover VAS at rest (3.17±1.08) versus (4.32±1.3) P=0.008 and allover VAS during movement (3.21±1.11) versus (4.56±1.92) P=0.001. Also, lower 24-h opioid requirement in group B (ibuprofen group) with a mean value of (42.0 ±21.31) mg versus (110.0±17.68) mg in group A (ketorolac group) P=0.0021 and longer time to first analgesic dose in group B (ibuprofen group) with a mean value of (328.0±89.63) min versus (158.40 ±57.13) min in group A (ketorolac group) P=0.001 with more haemodynamic stability. Group B also showed lower ambulation time and less nocturnal awakening due to pain. Conclusions Intravenous ibuprofen is more effective than intravenous ketorolac in reducing postoperative pain following caesarean delivery. It reduces the 24-h opioid requirement and VAS at rest and during movement.