Intra-urban Residential Mobility Research Articles

Estructura espacial de la movilidad residencial en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile. 2012-2017

Most empirical research on spatial patterns of intra-urban residential mobility has been based on the study of the inflow and outflow recorded in various spatial units. This approach does not allow for the definition of migratory areas by the origin, destination and intensity of residential mobility. Here the spatial types and structure of residential mobility in the communes of the Santiago Metropolitan Region (RMS) are studied using individual data on changes of residence between communes. Combining the application of spatial analysis methods and the analysis of geosocial networks has demonstrated: a) the complex and fairly well-integrated nature of the network of residential movements; b) the major influence of geographical proximity on changes of residence; and c) notable territorial differences in the effects of changes of residence on socio-spatial diversification. As a whole, the functional and spatial structure of residential mobility is consistent with the processes of expansion and physical, social and functional fragmentation of the RMS.

Effects of residential mobility and migration on standards of living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A life-course approach.

Rural-to-urban migration and intra-urban residential mobility often lead to improved living conditions. However, it is not clear if this is true for all, especially in cities in developing countries, where inequalities persist and upward mobility remains elusive for marginalized populations. We investigate the effects of intra-urban residential mobility and rural-to-urban migration on standards of living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We examine the entire residential history of individuals and assess temporal changes in living conditions in their respective housing careers. We use four different aspects of housing as indicators of living conditions from a survey conducted by the World Bank Group that captured the residential history of 2,397 individuals in Dar es Salaam from a spatially representative sample of households. We find that improvements in housing conditions are uneven, a considerable proportion of individuals remained perpetually deprived of adequate housing despite migrating from rural areas to Dar es Salaam and changing multiple homes within the city during their tenure. Our findings indicate that housing disparities persist over time for many. Socioeconomic groups such as migrants tend to experience significant improvements after moving to the city but show limited upward mobility afterwards, an aspect that is rarely addressed in policy discourse on equitable access to adequate housing.

Residential Mobility of Locals and Migrants in Northwest Urban China

With the increase in urbanization, intraurban residential mobility, which underlies urban growth and spatial restructuring, is gradually becoming an integral part of migration in China. However, little is known about the differences in residential mobility between locals and migrants, especially in urban areas in Northwest China. In this study, we aimed to fill this void by investigating the residential mobility patterns among Urumqi’s locals and migrants based on data from a survey and face-to-face interviews that were conducted in 2018. The results first show that the migrants with low homeownership rates relocated more frequently, but had less intentions to move within Urumqi, compared with the locals. A larger proportion of migrants than locals was forced to migrate. Evidence also suggests that the migration directions of locals and migrants differ: both locals and migrants tended to relocate from the southern areas, like Tianshan and Saybark Districts, to northern areas, like Xinshi and Midong Districts, which show the northward migration process of the urban population center in Urumqi. In contrast to the locals, whose net migration direction was from marginal areas to the central area, the net migration direction of migrants was from the central area to the marginal areas, contributing to the formation of migrant communities in the suburbs and spatial segregation between locals and migrants. Lastly, the locals’ intentions to move were widely influenced by age, ethnic group, type of employment, family population, housing area, and residential satisfaction; the migrants’ mobility intentions were mainly influenced by housing type and residential satisfaction. To attract more migrants to the urban areas in Northwest China, a more relaxed migrants’ household registration policy should be implemented, and the inequalities of the social security system and housing system between migrants and locals should be reduced to bridge the gap between migrants and locals.

Income Mobility and Moving to a Better Neighbourhood: An Enquiry into Ethnic Differences in Finland

Abstract The spatial concentration of immigrants in disadvantaged neighbourhoods may hinder their opportunities for social and economic integration. It is therefore important that immigrants can translate their available economic resources into mobility to less disadvantaged neighbourhoods. This study adds to existing research on the relationship between socioeconomic and spatial integration by focusing on the effects of income mobility on residential mobility. We analyse intra-urban residential mobility from low-income neighbourhoods into non-low-income neighbourhoods among immigrants and native-born residents in three urban regions in Finland. We use longitudinal register data for the 2004–2014 period for the full population, allowing a dynamic analysis of changes in income and neighbourhood of residence. Based on fixed-effects multinomial logit modelling of residential outcomes, we found that upward income mobility is connected to exit from low-income areas, but the effect is stronger among the native-born Finns than among those with an immigrant background. This stronger effect for natives is in contrast to findings of previous European studies, suggesting that these might have been influenced by unobserved individual-level heterogeneity. Our findings imply that both policies improving labour market opportunities of immigrants and policies reducing constraints for spatial integration are needed if the aim is to decrease ethnic residential segregation.

Unpacking the dynamics of intra-urban residential mobility in Nigerian cities: Analysis of low-income families in Ojo Lagos

While studies have revealed some factors that generally influence residential mobility patterns within the urban setting, the effects of the interplay of these factors on residential movements of low income families are less understood. This study therefore examined the dynamics of residential mobility in Ojo area of Lagos megacity Nigeria. Data were obtained from a survey of households in eleven electoral wards of Ojo Lagos using systematic random sampling methods. Results showed that majority of the residents had moved several times over their life course. The observed residential mobility rates in the study area were explained by six latent variates that cumulatively accounted for 72.9% of the total variance. Regression analyses showed that a number of family lifecycle and household contextual factors were significant predictors of residential mobility in Ojo area of Lagos. However, in contrast to existing studies gender, employment status and neighborhood condition had insignificant influence on residential mobility in the low-income neighborhoods of Lagos. This study provides useful insights for understanding residential mobility dynamics in urban low-income neighborhoods, and it also provides important policy and theoretical implications for improving the polarized housing markets in the Global South cities.

Urban transformations, migration and residential mobility patterns in African secondary cities

Urban growth is a significant trend in Africa. Scholarly attention and urban planning efforts have focused disproportionately on the challenges of big cities, while small and medium-sized urban settlements are growing most rapidly and house the majority of urban residents. Small towns have received some attention, but very few studies have focused on secondary cities. This paper offers a study of urban transformations, migration and residential mobility patterns in Arusha, a rapidly growing secondary city of Tanzania. Arusha functions as a major attraction for migrants and in-migration is a central dynamic shaping transformation processes in central areas characterized by high population turnovers, vibrant rental markets and widespread landlordism. There is also a considerable degree of intra-urban residential mobility within and between central areas. Intra-urban residential mobility is the most important dynamic shaping transformation processes in peripheral areas characterized by long-term urban residents moving from central parts of the city as part of a process of establishing themselves as homeowners. Overall, the paper provides crucial insights on how migration and residential mobility patterns influence processes of urban growth and transformation in the context of large secondary city, and thereby contributes to fill a significant knowledge gap on secondary cities in Africa.

Income Increase and Moving to a Better Neighbourhood: An Enquiry into Ethnic Differences in Finland

Concentration to disadvantaged neighbourhoods may hinder immigrants' opportunities for social integration, so equal chances of translating available economic resources into mobility to less disadvantaged neighbourhoods are important. This paper adds to existing research on exits from poor neighbourhoods by focusing on the effects of income increase on residential mobility. We analyse intra-urban residential mobility from low-income neighbourhoods into non-low-income neighbourhoods among immigrants and native-born residents in three urban regions in Finland. We use longitudinal register data for the 2004–2014 period for the full Finnish population, allowing a dynamic analysis of changes in income and neighbourhood of residence. Based on multinomial logit modelling of migration outcomes, we found that an increase in income is associated with moving both to low-income and non-low-income areas even when controlling for initial income level. Upward income mobility was connected to exit from low-income areas in a quite similar way among immigrants and native-born Finns. The findings suggest that policies e.g. improving the labour market opportunities of immigrants are effective in reduction of residential segregation. However, we were not able to completely explain the differences between native-born Finns and immigrants in moving patterns. The differences between the cities were opposite for immigrants and native-born Finns, corresponding to differences in immigration history and levels of ethnic segregation. Therefore, the local context matters for spatial integration outcomes.

The Pull Factors of Intra-Urban Residential Mobility in Calabar, Nigeria

The paper takes a critical look at the push factors of intra-urban residential mobility in Calabar. Push factors are defined as those which operate to induce or encourage households to change their residence in the city. The paper notes that changing of residence by urban households in Western cities is a common experience. But in cities of the developing countries, it is rare because of severe handicap imposed by limited stock of housing. Twelve push factors were identified as being very crucial in the analysis. They include dislike for housing occupied, dislike for type of people in the neighbourhood, family composition, eviction notice, house rent, etc. The objective of the paper was to establish the relative importance of these twelve factors and find their underlying dimensions. Data were extracted from a questionnaire survey of 874 random sample of urban households in Calabar, in which 471 households were seen to have moved at least, once. The data were subjected to Principal Component Analysis. Five components were extracted; force or eviction, neighbours, house-type, exterior appearance of dwelling, and family composition. The paper concludes that public agencies must take into consideration these maladies in the urban housing market.

Residents’ Socio-economic Characteristics and the Residential Mobility Process in an Urban Space: The Example of the Warri Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria

KEYWORDS Intra-urban. Socio-Economic. Preferences. Housing. Neighbourhoods. Logistic Regression ABSTRACT Residential mobility may be defined as the movement of residents from one house to another, or from one neighbourhood/part of a town/city to another. We reiterate, however, that the residential character of a city or neighbourhood is generally created and shaped through the locational behaviour and decisions of individuals and families. Consequently, our examination of how residents' socio-economic characteristics impact on the intra-urban residential mobility process in the Warri metropolis requires that we consider the defining criteria within the concept of residential areas. The bases used in identifying residential areas/neighbourhoods have been grouped into two major classes, namely: the environmental features/characteristics of residential neighbourhoods and the socio-economic structure of residential areas. This paper, however, concentrates on the second class of criteria. The data used in our analysis are derived from a survey into urban housi ng in the Warri Metropolis, Nigeria, in the summer of 2005. Seven hundred and sixty-two (762) respondents participated in the data gathering process. The socio-economic characteristics of respondents in all the study neighbourhoods are closely examined, after which the Logistic Regression technique was used to evaluate the relationship that exists between these variables and intra-urban residential mobility. The results of the regression analysis confirm a strong relationship between residents' socio-economic characteristics and intra-urban mobility in the Warri metropolis.

Migrant Intra-urban Residential Mobility in Urban China

Migrant housing and mobility patterns are affected by both the unique institutional factors related to migration and a common set of socio-economic characteristics shared by urban residents. China's unprecedented waves of internal migration are accompanied by long-standing rural–urban and local–nonlocal divides that have been institutionalized through the household registration system. This paper empirically assesses intra-urban migrant mobility in two of China's largest cities, Beijing and Shanghai. It examines the range and determinants of migrant mobility behaviour and rates, tenure and spatial patterns of migrant intra-urban mobility, and key sources of information and assistance in migrant residential moves. The main findings are based on data drawn from city-wide migrant housing surveys, supplemented by in-depth interviews. Demographic factors such as age and education prove to be significant predictors of both actual moves and prospective mobility. Migrants who rent public housing as their initial housing choice are much less likely to make moves subsequently and experience a lower average mobility rate. Longer-term migrants seem to gain some degree of residential stability, making duration of residence the single most influential factor for mobility rate. However, the high rate of mobility is not necessarily driven by the need for tenure or even amenity as few migrants make the transition from renters to owners after years of living in the cities.

Mental health and the city: Intra-urban mobility among individuals with schizophrenia

Intra-urban residential mobility of a cohort with schizophrenia was compared to a matched cohort with no mental illness using population-based administrative data. The percentage of individuals with one or more changes in postal code in the three-year mobility study period was examined, along with measures of the movement between different intra-urban areas. The schizophrenia cohort was more likely to move than the matched cohort; however, this depends on their age, income level, and area of residence at baseline. Age, gender, marital status, income quintile, and use of physicians and hospitalizations were associated with mobility. Individuals in the schizophrenia cohort were significantly more likely to move from the suburb to the inner city, and significantly less likely to move from the inner city to the suburb than those with no mental illness. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed, with particular attention paid to the utility of administrative data for further mental health research.

193-S: Schizophrenia and the City: Intra-Urban Residential Mobility of Individuals with Severe Mental Illness

193-S: Schizophrenia and the City: Intra-Urban Residential Mobility of Individuals with Severe Mental Illness

Componentes sociales y espaciales de la movilidad residencial en Bogotá / Social and Spatial Components of Residential Mobility in Bogotá

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cuatro componentes de la movilidad residencial intraurbana de los residentes de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia): la elección de la vivienda, de su localización, del tipo de tenencia, y la decisión de lograr una autonomía residencial. Cada una de ellas tiene su propia lógica, y ésta se analiza para cada individuo por medio de las trayectorias biográficas recabadas en 1993. Las diferenciaciones sociales cambian de un componente a otro, se agregan o se combinan, provocando variaciones en la movilidad residencial.En una ciudad en rápida expansión, con una notable segregación residencial, el interés por la localización es fundamental, a pesar de que poco se le ha considerado en la literatura que trata sobre el tema. El significado que confieren los individuos a la ubicación de su vivienda dentro de la ciudad rebasa la simple consideración de los recursos con que cuenta el barrio; atañe también a las historias familiares y a la historia de la ciudad.AbstractThis paper seeks to analyze four components of the intraurban residential mobility of residents of Bogotá, Colombia: choice of housing, location of the latter, type of ownership and the decision to achieve residential autonomy. Each of them has its own logic, which is analyzed for each individual through biographical accounts obtained in 1993. Social differences change from one component to another, are added or combined, thereby causing variations in residential mobility.In a rapidly expanding city, with marked residential segregation, interest in location is crucial, despite the lack of attention it has received in the literature on the issue. The meaning that individuals give the location of their housing within the city goes beyond the resources of the neighborhood itself, since it also involves family histories and the history of the city.

Moving through the City : the Changing Impact of the Journey to Work on Intra-Urban Mobility in XXth Century Britain

In the XIXth century the journey to work was one of the main constraints on intra-urban residential mobility. During the XXth century these ties have gradually been weakened as more people have gained access to faster forms of transport, and workers have been able to live further from their places of employment. However, we know relatively little about precisely when and how such changes occurred. This paper uses original quantitative and qualitative life history data to explore changes in the journey to work in Britain during the XXth century, and examine the likely impact of such changes on residential choice. It is demonstrated that whereas mean journey to work distances increased significantly during the twentieth century, the average amount of time spent commuting has changed little. There were notable variations in the structure of the journey to work by gender and location throughout the twentieth century, with women usually utilising slower transport modes, and experiencing greater life-cycle constraints on the journey to work. It is argued that the journey to work is an important and neglected factor that fundamentally influenced residential mobility in cities.

Immigrants' Urban Lives and Their Common-Villagers' Association in the High-growth Period

In the modern city, immigrants organize various social groups. The common-villagers' association (dokyo-dantai) is one of them. Some studies show that many such associations were organized for mutual support in the common-villagers' concentration area that formed in the process of their chain migration. Those studies have focused on the prewar city. But many of common-villagers' associations were organized in the high-growth period in the 1950s to 1970s. This paper presents a case of the Kagoshimaken-Eishikai, which consisted of emigrants of the Eishi settlement of Kamikoshiki Village, Kagoshima Prefecture, and which was established in Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture, in 1967. The following summarizes the main findings.i) Through chain migration, Eishi emigrants concentrated in a particular area and in particular companies in Amagasaki City. However, due to intra-urban residential mobility and job changes there was a gradual tendency towards dispersal. ii) Many of them were (are) factory workers, and some of them worked on a two- or three-shift basis. Working hours were longer than now, especially in the high-growth period. In general, they were busy. iii) In Japan, the rate of private telephone ownersip was low before the 1970s. This was also true with these migrants. iv) Thus, the relationship among them in the period was somhwhat distant. They couldn't meet neighborhood friends frequently in their everyday lives. However, they wanted to reconstruct “intimate secondary relationships” and so class reunions were often held before the establishment of the Eishikai. But it was difficult for them to organize the common-villagers' association by themselves, because they didn't have the means to manage an association composed of hundreds of households. v) In 1963, an Amagasaki city council member, who was an immigrant of the same Koshiki-Shima islands, was elected. He wanted Eishi emigrants to support him in the next 1967 election, and so he helped them to organize the Eishikai. But the Eishikai didn't become an integrated supporters' organization, because some of the Eishi emigrants held alternative political view.

Further Evidence on the Accuracy of Residential Vacancy Chain Models

Residential vacancy chain models simulate the transfer of vacant housing opportunities among sectors of an urban housing market. The Markov model simulates forward-reaching chains in response to vacancy initiations. The Leontief model simulates backward-reaching chains in response to vacancy absorptions. Each simulates residential mobility among housing sectors as a by-product. The accuracy of these models was assessed in earlier work by the authors, using 1975-80 data from Gävle, Jonkoping and Vasteras, Sweden, to project intra-urban residential mobility in each town during the 1980-85 period. Using log-linear analysis to compare projected moves with observed moves, they found projection errors ranging from 3-12 per cent. In this paper, data from the 1985-90 period are used first to repeat these assessments over the subsequent time-period and then to extend the projection period from 5 to 10 years. Projection errors range from 5-11 per cent for the 5-year period and from 8-18 per cent for the 10-year period. Both the Markov and the Leontief models perform equally well. Models with more homogeneous housing sector definitions produce more consistent results.

Racial Differences in Intraurban Residential Mobility

The literature shows that African-Americans live in lower-quality residential environments than their socioeconomic status would predict. Researchers suggest that African-Americans move within cities less often than whites and/or improve their residential environments less when moving. Alternatively, African-Americans might move as frequently as whites and improve their residential environments as much when they move, but they operate from an initial lower level of quality. The authors examine these possibilities in this article. Their data indicate that African-Americans have a lower rate of intraurban residential mobility and improve their residential environments less when they move.

愛知県一宮市における都市内居住地移動

愛知県一宮市における都市内居住地移動

Intra-urban residential mobility and tenure choice. A case of medium scale town of Thailand.

Intra-urban residential mobility and tenure choice. A case of medium scale town of Thailand.

Correlates of intra-urban migration in Israel

In order to determine correlates of Israeli intra-urban residential mobility, data from the 1983 general census of the population were gathered from the 61 Israeli towns with at least 5000 inhabitants the majority of which are Jews. Inhibiting and intensifying factors of mobility were identified. It was found that juvenile crime, percent of Asian/African inhabitants, percent female unemployment and mean family size were positively and significantly related to intra-urban mobility. On the other hand, quality of living, median education, mean gross income, uncrowded households and mean age were negatively and significantly related to residential mobility. The level of religiosity, population size, crowded households and percent general unemployment were not related to intra-urban migration. Comparisons of the relationships of these variables to both intra-urban migration and inmigration rates were also made drawing attention to ethnic and SES factors.