Intraoral Minor Salivary Gland Tumors Research Articles

Minor Salivary Gland Tumors a Clinicopathological Study and Management

Salivary gland tumors are uncommon and most reported series include tumors affecting both major and minor glands. Very few series have focused solely on intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors. Is to report the clinicopathological d ata of intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors in sample of patients in Baghdad, Most important characteristic features of benign and malignant tumors, different pathological behavior and the importance of pathological classification in changing the management plans. Thirty five patients with tumors of minor salivary gland were analyzed clinlcopathologically and the management of these tumors is discussed. 19 female and 16 male patients, age range from9-79years. The range of duration of tu mors was about 3 years and the size range from 1-7cm. The most commo n site was the palate followed by floor of mouth, lips, cheek, and the maxillary alveolar ridge respectively. Different methods of surgical management of minor salivary gland tumors from simple excision of tumors mass to total maxillectomy were also described.

Intraoral Minor Salivary Gland Tumors: A Retrospective, Clinicopathologic, Single-Center Study of 432 Cases in Japan and a Comparison with Epidemiological Data.

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors are relatively rare lesions with histological subtypes not commonly found in major salivary glands. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinicopathologic features of intraoral minor salivary gland tumors from the Tokyo Dental College Hospital, Japan, and compare them with findings from other epidemiological studies. We conducted a retrospective clinicopathologic evaluation of 432 cases of intraoral minor salivary gland tumors [161 male (37.3%) and 271 female (62.7%) patients; mean age: 52.5 and 48.6years for males and females, respectively; age at diagnosis: 7-87 (mean: 50.1) years] from the Tokyo Dental College Hospital between 1975 and 2022, including 283 benign tumors (65.5%) and 149 malignant tumors (34.5%). The most common benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma (n = 239), whereas mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (n = 74). The mean age of patients with benign and malignant tumors was 48.4 and 53.2years, respectively, with patients with malignant tumors being significantly older (P = 0.0042). The mean age of patients with malignant tumors was significantly higher in males (56.7years) than in females (50.9years) (P = 0.0376), although the mean age of patients with benign tumors did not differ by sex. Tumors were commonly located in the palate [250 cases (57.9%)]. Benign tumors were more frequent in the palate, upper lip, and buccal mucosa, whereas malignant tumors were more frequent in the palate, floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa, and retromolar area. Understanding the features of intraoral minor salivary gland tumors is useful for diagnosis. Our study provides important epidemiological data (patient differences in age at occurrence, sex, and site of origin) that will inform clinicians and researchers.

Prevalence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma among intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to synthetize and critically appraise available evidence regarding mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) prevalence among intraoral minor salivary gland tumors (MiSGT). Five main electronic databases and three grey literature databases were searched. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Proportion meta-analyses were performed. From 1321 studies identified, 82 were included in qualitative synthesis and 80 in meta-analyses. Sixteen were classified as high, 33 as moderate, and 33 as low RoB. A total of 12774 MiSGT were found, of which overall MEC prevalence was 16.5% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]=14.8%-18.4%). Most MiSGT were found in the palate (n=7115), although MEC pooled prevalence in this anatomic location was only 13.6% (95% CI=11.7%-15.6%). The retromolar area presented the highest pooled prevalence (58.9%; 95% CI=47.0%-70.3%), followed by gingiva (28.8%; 95% CI=22.7%-35.4%) and tongue (27.2%; 95% CI=21.2%-33.6%). Regarding geographic location, Middle East presented the highest pooled prevalence (20.8%; 95% CI=14.8%-27.6%), followed by America (20.0%, 95% CI=17.2%-23%) and Europe (15.6%; 95% CI=9.2%-23.5%). Among MiSGT, the MEC overall prevalence was approximately 16.5%. Although most MiSGT were found in the palate, the retromolar area was proportionally more affected by MEC.

Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration in Diagnosis of Intraoral Minor Salivary Gland Tumors.

Objective:To evaluate the utility of intraoral fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of minor salivary gland neoplasms (MSGN) with application of Milan system of reporting salivary gland cytopathology; keeping histopathology as gold standard and to detail the cytological findings of MSGNs.Method:Retrospective study between Jan 2008 and June 2017 (appro × 10 years) on the cytology of the minor salivary gland tumor along with the histopathological correlation. The relevant clinical data was collected from the medical record.Result:Sixty-four cases of MSGNs were included in the study. The histodiagnosis of the 41 were available. Twenty-one cases were diagnosed as malignant, while rest 20 cases were reported as benign. The most common tumor diagnosed was pleomorphic adenoma (PA) (50% cases), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (14%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (12.5%). The most common site of MSGT was found to be hard palate (44%), followed by soft palate (23%), floor of the mouth (12%), lip (11%), buccal mucosa (5%), and tongue (5%) with no gender predilection. Sensitivity of FNAC for detection of malignancy was 81% while specificity 95%. For malignancies, positive predictive value for malignancies was 17/18 (94.4%) and negative predictive value was 19/23 (82.3%). According to Milan system out of 21 cases in category IV B, 4 cases were found malignant (Category VI), while 1/18 case in category VI turned out to be nonneoplastic lesion (Category II).Conclusion:FNAC is imperative in early diagnosis and subsequent management of MSGNs

Intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors: A pathological study of 131 cases in the Japanese population

ObjectiveIntra-oral minor salivary gland tumors are relatively rare. This study aimed to clarify the frequency and distribution of intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors in Japanese patients. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the histopathological records of 131 patients with minor salivary gland tumors that were surgically treated between 1967 and 2017 at a single institution. ResultsOf the 131 minor salivary gland tumors, 61 (47%) were benign and 70 (53%) were malignant. The male:female ratio was 1:1.8 for benign cases and 1:1 for malignant cases. Most of the tumors occurred in the palate, followed by the floor of the mouth. The most frequent minor salivary gland tumor was pleomorphic adenoma among benign tumors and adenoid cystic carcinoma among malignant tumors. The rarest minor salivary gland tumors were Warthin tumors and basal cell adenocarcinoma, accounting for only 0.8% of all cases. ConclusionsThe present study determined the incidence rates of these rare tumors.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of the mTOR pathway in intra-oral minor salivary gland neoplasms.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of upstream and downstream molecules of the oncogenic mTOR signaling pathway in intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors (SGTs). Tissue samples consisted of 39 malignant and 13 benign minor SGTs, and 8 controls of normal minor salivary glands (NMSG). An immunohistochemical analysis for phosphorylated Akt, 4EBP1 and S6 (total and phosphorylated), and eIF4E was performed. Expression of pAkt and 4EBP1 was observed in all SGTs and in most NMSG. p4EBP1 was detected in almost all SGT cases, NMSG being negative. S6 immunoreactivity was observed in 37.5% of NMSG, 92.3% of benign and 100% of malignant SGTs, while pS6 expression was observed in 77% of benign and 95% of malignant SGTs, but not in NMSG. Finally, eIF4E was expressed in 12.5% of NMSG, 69.2% of benign, and 76.9% of malignant tumors. All molecules studied had statistically significantly lower expression in NMSG compared with SGTs. Moreover, malignant neoplasms received higher scores compared with benign tumors for all molecules with the exception of eIF4E. The mTOR signaling pathway is activated in SGTs, especially in malignancies. Therefore, the possible therapeutic role of targeting the mTOR pathway by rapamycin analogs in SGTs needs further investigation.

口腔小唾液腺腫瘍73症例の臨床統計学的検討

口腔小唾液腺腫瘍73症例の臨床統計学的検討

Pitfalls in the Biopsy Diagnosis of Intraoral Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Among the more common types of intraoral minor salivary gland neoplasms are pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. These minor salivary gland neoplasms share similar morphologic features and to a large extent immunohistochemical findings. Differentiation between these benign and malignant neoplasms is often predicated on the presence or absence of invasion. As such, in the presence of limited tissue sampling that typifies the initial testing modalities, including fine needle aspiration biopsy and/or incisional biopsy, it often is not possible to differentiate a benign from malignant minor salivary gland neoplasm. The diagnostic difficulties arise from the absence in needle or incisional biopsy of the tumor's periphery to determine whether infiltrative growth is or is not present. In this manuscript we discuss limitations and considerations associated with evaluation of incisional biopsies of intraoral minor salivary gland tumors. We offer a diagnostic approach to evaluating these biopsies, and suggest diagnostic terminology for biopsy specimens in which distinction between benignancy and malignancy is not feasible. The pathologist's approach to this distinction is critical, as treatment of benign neoplasms is generally conservative, whereas malignant lesions may warrant more aggressive management.

Relative frequency of intra‐oral minor salivary gland tumors: a study of 380 cases from northern California and comparison to reports from other parts of the world

The relative frequency of individual intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors (IMSGT) is not well documented in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency and distribution of IMSGT in an oral pathology biopsy service and to compare the data with similar studies from different parts of the world. Files from the Pacific Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory of the University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California served as a source of material for this study. Files were systematically searched for all cases of IMSGT during a 20-year period. Tumors were classified according to the 2005 WHO classification of salivary gland tumors. IMSGT were identified in 380 (0.4%) cases of 92 860 accessed. This is the largest series of IMSGT from one source reported in recent years. Of the 380 tumors, 224 (59%) were benign and 156 (41%) were malignant. Of the benign tumors, pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most common (39.2%), followed by cystadenoma (6.3%), canalicular adenoma (6.1%), ductal papillomas (4.4%), basal cell adenoma (1.6%), and myoepithelioma (1.3%). Of the malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common (21.8%), followed by polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (7.1%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (6.3%), adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS; 2.1%), acinic cell carcinoma (1.6%), clear cell carcinoma, NOS (1.0%), and carcinoma ex PA (0.5%). Studies related to the relative frequency of individual IMSGTs from different parts of the world are difficult to compare because many studies are outdated, the number of cases is small, the list of tumors is limited, and new entities are not included. To determine the true relative frequency, more studies should be conducted, on a large number of cases from one source, by experienced pathologists in the field of salivary gland tumors.

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors in a Chinese population: a retrospective study on 737 cases

This study aimed to investigate the diverse histopathological types and distribution characteristics of epithelial minor salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) in a Chinese population. We conducted a descriptive demographic study of 737 intraoral MSGTs in patients in southwest China from 1990 to 2004. A total of 737 epithelial MSGTs, consisting of 340 (46.1%) benign and 397 (53.9%) malignant tumors, were confirmed in 381 males and 356 females. The average age of patients with benign and malignant tumors was 40.7 and 49.4 years, respectively. The palate was the most commonly affected site (67.4%). Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) (81.8%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) (36.0%) were the most frequent types in benign and malignant tumors, respectively. Comparing with reports from other countries, it is suggested that the MSGTs in this southwest Chinese population may be characterized by a higher incidence of MSGTs than in the other reviewed countries, higher incidence of malignant than benign MSGTs, absence of canalicular adenoma (CA) occurrence, and a higher incidence of myoepithelioma (MEO).

Intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors: A clinicopathological study of 546 cases

Salivary gland tumors are uncommon and most reported series include tumors affecting both major and minor glands. Very few series have focused solely on intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors. The aim of this study is to report the clinicopathological data of intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors in our oral biopsy files during the last 14 years. A total of 546 minor salivary gland tumors, including 305 benign (55.9%) and 241 malignant (44.1%) lesions, were reviewed. The two most common tumors were pleomorphic adenoma (181 cases, 33.2%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (125 cases, 22.9%), and the most commonly affected site was the palate (181 cases, 33.2%). The highest incidence was found in patients in the 5-7th decade of life, and females were more commonly affected than males in the vast majority of various histological types of tumors. Large series of intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors help to understand their clinical and pathological aspects and consequently their proper management and prognosis.

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: a review of 75 cases in a Libyan population

Minor salivary gland carcinomas are uncommon but most often occur in the oral cavity, particularly the hard palate. Dental examination may provide an opportunity for early detection. During the period of 1977–2000 a group of 75 patients (31 males and 44 females, median age 44.2 years and range 15–86 years) with minor salivary gland tumors were diagnosed, based on the 1991 WHO classification. The peak occurrence of the tumors was in the fifth decade for males and sixth decade for females. The frequency of benign tumors was 38.6% ( n = 29) and malignant tumors 61.3% ( n = 46). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common histological type of benign tumor identified whereas mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were the most common malignant tumors. The most common primary location of the tumors was the palate followed by the cheek. A benign tumor usually presented as an asymptomatic swelling and ulceration, pain being more frequently associated with the malignant tumors. This study shows that intraoral tumors of minor salivary glands vary widely in presentation, and should be taking into account by medical and dental practitioners in any differential diagnosis when assessing intraoral pathology. Any lesion arising from the hard palate (the most common site in this series) should be considered as a possible minor salivary gland tumor. Referral to a multidisciplinary head and neck clinic following diagnosis is strongly recommended.

Intraoral Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasms: Review of 213 Cases

Minor salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with great histomorphologic variation. This study reviews a large series of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors of the oral region and determines the incidence and the correlation of the histopathologic features with the clinical characteristics. Two hundred thirteen cases of MSGT were retrospectively studied. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides were examined in all cases. Special stains and immunohistochemical stains were used in selected cases. Clinical characteristics of the neoplasms were also noted. One hundred nineteen tumors were benign (56%), and 94 tumors were malignant (44%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor (93 of 119). Canalicular adenoma was the second most common benign MSGT in our series (25 of 119). Of the 94 malignant MSGTs, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (45 of 94), adenoid cystic carcinoma (22 of 94), and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (18 of 94) were the most common. Most MECs (34 of 45) were low-grade lesions. Of 5 central MECs, 3 cases occurred in the maxilla and 2 cases arose in the mandible. Benign intraoral MSGTs are slightly more common than malignant MSGTs. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common MSGT, and MEC is the most common malignant variety. The palate is the most common site for minor gland neoplasms. Benign labial salivary gland neoplasms are more common in the upper lip, and malignant labial tumors are more common in the lower lip.

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: a clinicopathological study of 82 cases

We present a retrospective study of 82 patients with intraoral minor salivary gland tumors which were diagnosed from 1979 to 2003 in Gifu University Hospital. The histological diagnoses were reevaluated according to the 1991 WHO classification. A total of 82 tumors, consisting of 55 benign and 27 malignant tumors, were found in 28 male and 54 female Japanese patients; the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.9. The mean age of the patients was 51.4 ± 18.1 years. The tumors affected the palate ( n = 64), the buccal region ( n = 10), the upper lip ( n = 6), the floor of the mouth ( n = 1), and the retromolar region ( n = 1). Histologically, the tumors were classified as pleomorphic adenoma ( n = 54), papillary cystadenoma ( n = 1), adenoid cystic carcinoma ( n = 10), mucoepidermoid carcinoma ( n = 8), acinic cell carcinoma ( n = 3), adenocarcinoma ( n = 2), basal cell adenocarcinoma ( n = 1), papillary cystadenocarcinoma ( n = 1), and carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma ( n = 2). From the results of the present study and review of the literature, it is suggested that the minor salivary gland tumors in Japan may be characterized by a higher incidence of benign tumors, especially of pleomorphic adenoma; a more marked tendency for female predominance; a higher incidence of palatal involvement; and a rarer occurrence of polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma, in comparison with those reported in the literature from outside of Japan.

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the tonsil: Report of a case and review of the literature

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a relatively common malignancy of the oral cavity, representing 7% to 11% of all intraoral minor salivary gland tumors, and 19% to 26% of those that are malignant. However, it is a rare finding in the oropharynx, with only 6 cases reported in the medical literature. The clinical features of a case of PLGA of the tonsillar fossa in a 64-year-old gentleman are presented, only the second such case reported in the medical literature. A review and discussion of the literature pertaining to PLGA of the oral cavity and the oropharynx is provided. (Am J Otolaryngol 2002;23:297-299. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.)

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: A demographic and histologic study of 200 cases.

In a demographic and histologic study of 200 intraoral minor salivary gland tumors seen in Japan (Nagasaki and Miyagi prefectures), 127 cases (63.5%) were classified as benign, comprising 124 pleomorphic adenomas and 3 monomorphic adenomas. The other 73 cases (36.5%) were malignant tumors, represented by 33 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 16 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 10 carcinoma in pleomorphic adenomas, 6 acinic cell carcinomas, 5 adenocarcinomas, one polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, one undifferentiated carcinoma and one clear cell carcinoma. There was an overall female preponderance (1.78/1). The mean age for females was 47.2 years and for males was 50.6 years. The mean age for patients with malignant tumors was 10 years greater than for patients with benign tumors and was statistically significant. The palate was the most common site for intraoral minor salivary gland tumors followed by the lip and buccal mucosa. These three sites accounted for 83% of all cases. Tumors arising in these three sites were predominantly benign. In contrast, those located in the gingiva, floor of the mouth and tongue were predominantly malignant. The results of this study were compared with other recent studies.

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: Report of thirty-eight cases

This series of thirty-eight intraoral minor salivary gland tumors consists of twenty-six benign and twelve malignant tumors. Twenty-three of the twenty-six benign tumors are mixed tumors, and eight of the twelve malignant tumors are low-grade mucoepidermoid tumors. The palate was the favored site for benign tumors (fourteen cases), whereas malignant tumors occurred most frequently in the retromolar pad (five cases). The most common clinical feature of all tumors was a painless swelling. The wide variation in the incidence of malignancy shown in published series of minor salivary gland tumors may be a result of two factors: (1) variation in histopathologic criteria for malignancy and (2) type of institution from which a series is reported.