Intolerance Of Ambiguity Research Articles

Personality Intolerance of Ambiguity in Planning and Developing Bumdes Behavior

This study aims to examine the influence of psychological factors on the behaviour of planning and developing illage-owned enterprises (BUMDes) with the aim of increasing village original income (PADesa). The factors studied include belief in the usefulness of BUMDes, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, interest, as well as the moderating role of ambiguity ntolerance. Primary data was collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents, and data analysis was conducted using the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach using the partial least squares (PLS) technique through WarpPLS software. The results showed that all hypotheses proposed were supported, with a negative influence from intolerance of ambiguity. The implication of this study is that cognitive theory, along with the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), can be used to understand and explain the behaviour of planning and developing BUMDes so as to increase village original revenue.

Who is at risk of bias? Examining dispositional differences in motivated science reception.

The motivated reception of science in line with one's preexisting convictions is a well-documented, pervasive phenomenon. In two studies (N = 743), we investigated whether this bias might be stronger in some people than others due to dispositional differences. Building on the assumptions that motivated science reception is driven by perceived threat and suspicion and higher under perceived ambiguity and uncertainty, we focused on traits associated with such perceptions. In particular, we tested the impact of conspiracy mentality and victim sensitivity on motivated science reception (as indicated by ascriptions of researchers' trustworthiness and evidence credibility). In addition, we explored the role of broader personality traits (generalized mistrust and ambiguity intolerance) in this context. None of the investigated dispositions modulated the motivated science reception effect. This demonstrates once again, that motivated science reception is a ubiquitous challenge for the effective dissemination of science and everyone seems to be at risk of it.

Depression, Perfectionism, and Hypertension in the Elderly: A Path Analysis Examining Worry, Ambiguity Tolerance, and Problem-Solving

Introduction: Hypertension is a prevalent condition among the elderly, significantly contributing to the burden of cardiovascular disease and related complications. This study examined how depression and perfectionism influence hypertension in older adults. It also explored how worry, tolerance for ambiguity, and problem-solving skills might influence this relationship. Methods: Researchers recruited 192 participants with hypertension from a health center in Khoy city, Urmia, Iran. Participants completed questionnaires that assessed depression, perfectionism, worry, ambiguity tolerance, and problem-solving skills. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data and identify relationships between these factors and hypertension. Results: Depression, perfectionism, worry, and ambiguity tolerance were all significantly associated with hypertension. Interestingly, problem-solving skills were not linked to blood pressure. Further analysis revealed that worry played a reinforcing role in the link between depression/perfectionism and hypertension, while ambiguity tolerance had a protective effect. In other words, higher worry levels strengthened the association between depression/perfectionism and high blood pressure, while greater tolerance for ambiguity lessened this association. Conclusion: These findings suggest that emotional factors like worry and intolerance for ambiguity can significantly impact blood pressure in older adults. Therefore, managing these emotions alongside depression and perfectionistic tendencies may be crucial for controlling hypertension.

Thanks to Social Media, Now We Can Waste Our Time More Efficiently: Use of Social Media and Employees’ Productivity

Previous literature presents a gap to study the mediating mechanism in the relationship between use of social media to perform a job and employees’ productivity. Based on the transactional stress and coping model, we conducted the present research to assess the serial mediation of information overload and ambiguity intolerance for this relationship. Using adapted research questionnaires, we used an online data collection technique to collect data from a sample of 232 employees working with Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). Results obtained through structural equation modeling, indicate significant serial mediation of information overload and ambiguity intolerance in the relationship between use of social media and overall employees’ productivity. We also found that use of social media is positively related to information overload and ambiguity intolerance and negatively related to employees’ overall productivity. The study has contributed to the literature by identifying situational, psychological, and behavioral consequences of use of social media at work. Research has discussed several implications for organizations and researchers.

Ramadan, Lived Religion, and the Celebration of Ambiguity

In this paper, I demonstrate how the lived practice of Ramadan in the UK signifies a tolerance and celebration of ambiguity in everyday life. I position my work against Bauer’s (2021) argument that Muslims have become increasingly unaccepting of ambiguity and that this “intolerance of ambiguity in modern Islam is a phenomenon of modernity” (29). Rather, my participants tolerated seemingly contradictory ideas, embracing subjectivity and contrasting a post-Enlightenment emphasis on certainty and objective truth. I demonstrate these subjective and ambiguous attitudes and practices through several examples. Firstly, participants displayed an ambiguous approach to sacred times. This is explored in the context of variant methods of moonsighting – to determine the start and end of Islamic months – and the perceived unknowability of one of the most sacred times of the year, Laylatu-l-qadr (The Night of Power). Secondly, participants expressed paradoxical attitudes towards food, simultaneously shunning and rejoicing in bodily desires. My paper contributes to several contemporary understandings of Islam – including the works of Thomas Bauer (2021) and Shahab Ahmed (2016) – which tend towards the idea that Muslims today have become increasingly intolerant of ambiguity and subjectivity instead adopting more rigid and binary positions. I contrast such arguments, displaying particularly how the everyday, often domestic, practice of Islam is more nuanced and complex than public discourses might reveal. Furthermore, I argue that studies of everyday, mundane aspects of religion are vital in illuminating our understanding of Islam in the modern world.

Transformational Leadership, Soft HR Approach, and Millennial Workforce Engagement in International NGOs in Nairobi, Kenya

Engagement of the Millennial Workforce is a significant focus within the workplace. Their shared values and attitudes, influenced by similar social and economic circumstances, are of ongoing scholarly interest. Extant research indicates concerning levels of disengagement among Millennials in the workforce, with many open to new job opportunities due to intolerance for conflicts and ambiguity, despite demonstrating the ability to delve deep into issues. The current study aimed to investigate the issue of Millennial Workforce engagement within Kenya’s international non-governmental organization (INGO) sector as a leadership issue by examining the interaction between transformational leadership, soft HR management, and Millennial Workforce engagement. The study was anchored on McGregor’s Theory Y. The research was a cross-sectional survey involving a purposive sample of 384 Millennials drawn from 32 selected INGOs with physical presence in Nairobi. Data was collected using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, researcher-developed Soft HR scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The data was subjected to mediator analysis following a four-step process using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The analysis demonstrated partial mediation, thus confirming the role of a soft HR approach as an intermediary in the connection between leadership and engagement. Creating a workplace environment that values Millennial’s input and participation is essential for driving their engagement. By providing forums for expression, listening to and acting on feedback, and involving them in decision-making processes, organizations can cultivate a culture of inclusivity, trust, and collaboration that keeps them highly engaged.

The relationship between feeling of loneliness, source of control, and intolerance of ambiguity with death anxiety in the elderly during the COVID-19 era

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global epidemic, can cause widespread and irreparable disorders in the personal and social health. Although elderly people are more at risk, they receive less attention in this regard. This epidemic can affect the elderly in different ways, including the fear of contracting the virus and fear of death. This study aimed to determine the relationship between loneliness, locus of control, and intolerance of ambiguity with death anxiety in the elderly during the COVID-19 era. Methods. Using cluster random sampling, this cross-sectional and analytical study included 309 elderly people in Islamabad-e Gharb, Iran in 2022. Data was collected using questionnaires on demographic variables, loneliness, locus of control, intolerance of ambiguity, and death anxiety. The collected data were statistically analyzed using logistic regression. Results. The mean age of participants was 70.69±6.28 years. The prevalence of death anxiety was 71.20% and it was statistically related to gender. The results of regression analysis showed that loneliness, external source of control, high uncertainty intolerance and gender could significantly predict death in the elderly. Conclusion. According to our findings, more than half of the elderly experienced death anxiety. Loneliness, source of control, and intolerance of ambiguity play an important role in death anxiety of the elderly. Death anxiety among this population can be improved by designing psychological interventions based on the feeling of loneliness, source of control from external to internal, and intolerance of ambiguity from top to bottom. Practical Implications. Since death anxiety is a multi-dimensional structure affecting many aspects of the elderly's life and it is one of the most common mental health issues of the elderly, it is essential to investigate the related factors. This can help to take effective steps and improve the mental health of the elderly.

Effects of plurilingualism and pluriculturalism on creativity: testing the mediating role of tolerance and intolerance of ambiguity

ABSTRACT This study continued a project aiming at empirically investigating the Plurilingual Creativity paradigm. It looked at the mediating role of tolerance and intolerance of ambiguity in the relation between plurilingualism/pluriculturalism and creativity. To test the research hypotheses, we recruited 261 participants using a simple random sampling technique. Participants were invited to respond to assessments of language repertoire (measured by the number of languages spoken by participants and overall proficiency in these languages), multicultural experience (measured by the Multicultural Experience Questionnaire), intercultural competence (measured by the Integrative Intercultural Competence Survey), and divergent thinking (measured by Unusual Uses test). A series of mediation analyses revealed that although both mediators were likely to mediate the link between plurilingualism/pluriculturalism and creativity, intolerance of ambiguity acted as a more potent mediator of this link. Specifically, tolerance of ambiguity mediated the link between multicultural experience and divergent thinking. Intolerance of ambiguity mediated the links between divergent thinking and language repertoire, intercultural competence, and multicultural experience, respectively. These findings suggested that plurilingual/pluricultural experience may primarily influence creative thinking by reducing the fear of an ambiguous situation. The findings emphasised the importance of considering personality related factors in the relation between plurilingualism/pluriculturalism and creativity.

Individual differences in psychological rigidity and beliefs about system fitness predict attitudes about social determinants of disaster risk

Although events triggered by phenomena such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and landslides are routinely referred to as “natural disasters”, scholars have long argued that they are not natural at all; rather their disastrous consequences are a result of sociopolitical decisions surrounding the accumulation of risk. In the current work, we seek to understand who is more likely to accept or reject the importance of risk reduction by examining two constructs:1) perceived blamelessness in the face of disasters, and 2) lack of support for disaster risk reduction. Across two studies (combined n = 1732), higher perceived blamelessness and lower support for risk reduction via socio-political means were reliably related to individual difference measures of psychological rigidity as well as beliefs about socio-economic system fitness. Specifically, higher levels of system justification, belief in a just world, fair market ideology, need for cognitive closure, intolerance of ambiguity, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism were consistently related to lower likelihood of assigning human blame for disaster damages as well as less endorsement of socio-political interventions to stem disaster risks. Both blamelessness and intervention-avoidance were also related positively to political conservatism. Importantly, observed relationships remained significant after controlling for political ideology which correlates with each of the measured variables. We argue that observed relationships between individual difference variables and support for risk reduction policies around natural hazards that are not reducible to co-relationships with political ideology may be particularly important to consider when crafting successful interventions.

Need for cognitive closure and positive mental health among Italian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A multi-level analysis

Studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period of pervasive uncertainty, showed that individuals with a high Need For cognitive Closure (NFC) were exposed to higher risk of mental illness. The relationship between NFC and well-being was instead underexplored. This study was thus aimed to investigate the association of NFC with the emotional, social, and psychological components of positive mental health during the first pandemic outbreak. Italian university students (N = 1799) completed the Need for Cognitive Closure Scale, the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, and a socio-demographic survey. Adopting a multilevel modelling approach, the predictive role of NFC on participants' mental health was investigated, considering their study curricula. Results showed that the NFC dimensions of need for order and decisiveness were positively associated with all mental health components, while need for predictability, intolerance for ambiguity, and close-mindedness were negatively associated with them. Extending previous evidence of the relationship between NFC and mental illness, these results confirm the usefulness of distinguishing mental health and mental illness and identifying their shared and specific trait predictors.

THE TROIKA OF COVID-19, MEDIA EXPOSURE, AND MENTAL HEALTH: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORRY AND INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY

COVID-19 has swiftly surpassed all borders. It has become a worldwide source of human infection, with all media companies exchanging breaking news and providing the most recent data from all nations. Consequently, people have suffered more significant discomfort, sadness, and violence due to excessive media exposure and information intake. The study intended to evaluate the function of exposure to the media and its detrimental influence on students’ mentalmainlyticularly through the mediation of worry and intolerance of ambiguity. Consequently, worry and uncertainty significantly moderate students’ mental health through the excessive intake of information (media exposure). A structural model based on these compounds was proposed. The research indicated a substantial relationship between the factors (media exposure, worry, intolerance, depression, and aggression). The outcomes of the investigation revealed no significant differences between men and women. This research is unique in developing a theoretical model describing the significance of media exposure, which will instill anxiety, and anxiety will lead to ambiguity, negatively impacting students' mental health.

Future Scenario Imagination Facilitates Creativity? The Negative Impact of Intolerance of Ambiguity and Uncertainty

Future Scenario Imagination Facilitates Creativity? The Negative Impact of Intolerance of Ambiguity and Uncertainty

Coping style and mental health amid the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a culture-moderated meta-analysis of 44 nations

ABSTRACT In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid transmission of a novel virus and the unprecedented disease-mitigation measures have elicited considerable stress in many countries worldwide. Coping with pandemic stress may be differentially related to psychological symptoms across countries characterised by distinct cultural values. This study aimed to: (a) synthesise the literature by investigating the associations between some major types of coping style and psychological symptoms, and (b) investigate the moderating effects of culture on these associations. We performed a three-level random-effects meta-analysis, which included 151 independent samples from 44 countries across eight world regions (n = 137,088, 66% women, M age = 36.08). For both problem-focused and avoidant coping styles, their hypothesised associations with psychological symptoms were robust across the countries (anxiety: rs = −.11 and .31; depression: rs = −.19 and .33; ps < .0001). For both emotion-focused and social support seeking styles, their associations with psychological symptoms were moderated by two Hofstede’s cultural dimensions: uncertainty avoidance (intolerance of ambiguity) and masculinity (concern for achievement and success). The hypothesised negative coping style–symptom associations were found only in the countries with lower levels of uncertainty avoidance or masculinity, but opposite patterns of findings were found in those with higher levels of either of these two cultural dimensions.

Designing A Paradigmatic Model of Barriers to Innovation Management in Ahvaz Primary Schools

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to design a paradigmatic model of innovation management barriers in primary schools of Ahvaz city. Method: The research method was qualitative and, in terms of purpose, applied. The statistical population included experts in schools and universities, selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The research tool included semi-structured interviews, whose validity was established through face validity, and reliability was determined using the inter-coder agreement coefficient, resulting in 0.81. Data were analyzed using grounded theory method. Results: The findings revealed that causal conditions included understanding innovation characteristics, feeling the necessity for innovation, identifying individual differences among employees, managing information and communication technology, organizational culture, risk-taking in school employees, organizational structure, material resources, and transformative leadership; contextual conditions included individual characteristics of employees, employee experiences, individual characteristics of the manager, management style, organizational rules and regulations, organizational climate, and having an innovation model. Moreover, intervening conditions included psychological barriers, intolerance of ambiguity and failure, educational barriers, research barriers, performance evaluation barriers, structural barriers, human resource barriers, managerial barriers, and cultural barriers within the organization. Finally, strategic conditions included internal and external networking, division of labor, strategic management, committed and specialized human resources, politicization, having an innovative spirit among employees, the existence of a suggestion acceptance system in schools, administrative hierarchy, delegation of authority by the manager to subordinates, employee support, strategic planning, and the outcomes included increased mental health of employees and students, a creative school environment, a reward system for innovative and creative employees, a research-oriented culture, a learning organization, and improved educational quality. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that the barriers to innovation management in primary schools of Ahvaz city are various factors, and the sub-system of education and management should prioritize and address these barriers.

Learned helplessness and its relationship to cognitive style Tolerance - intolerance of ambiguity of university students

تعترض مسيرة الإنسان من أجل تحقيق أهدافه وإنجازاته صعوبات ومعوقات ربما تجعله يعتقد بأن هنالك عجز شبه دائم في قدراته يعمل على تمثله في سلوكه المستقبلي يسمى بالعجز المتعلم ، ولأن ما يؤطر النشاط العقلي للإنسان تلك الأساليب المعرفية التي يستخدمها الأفراد في معالجة المعلومات التي تصف نمطهم التقليدي في التفكير والإدراك وأساليب التصرف في المواقف المختلفة . ولأهمية هذين المتغيرين في حياة الفرد (الطالب)

Determining the cognitive biases behind a viral linguistic universal: the order of multiple adjectives

When people are asked to create a phrase with the elements {blue, earrings, beautiful}, they produce ‘beautiful blue earrings’. Several theories have been proposed about the origins of this universal tendency to order multiple adjectives in a specific way: an innate universal hierarchy with designated positions for each category of adjectives, sensitivity to the definiteness of the adjectival denotation, availability and psychological closeness of the adjective attributes to the speaker, the encoding of subjective vs. objective properties, and the adjective’s phonological weight. Although these theories have strong descriptive power, they often focus on what happens at the phenotypic level without explaining what cognitive needs trigger this behavior. Through a timed task that measures acceptability in ‘Adjective-Adjective-Noun’ sequences that either comply with the universal order or violate it, we adduce evidence for the high acceptability of the violating orders, whose processing did not take longer than that of the compliant orders, as should have happened if the former were non-canonical. The results suggest that ordering preferences exist but are not invariable, as one would expect if a strong linguistic universal was involved. We track the origin of adjective ordering preferences to the synergistic interplay of three cognitive biases: Zipf’s Law, Intolerance of Ambiguity, and Novel Information Bias. Last, we show that the linguistic manifestation of these preferences is sensitive to the statistical distribution of the input data, resulting to variation even among speakers of the same language.

The relationship between difficulty in emotion regulation and metaworry and the tolerance of ambiguity in patients with schizophrenia

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder, and one of the variables that are important in people with schizophrenia is emotional self-regulation. On the other hand, another study has shown that there is a relationship between emotion regulation disorder and ambiguity intolerance. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotion regulation and meta-concern in the tolerance of ambiguity in patients with schizophrenia. Method: The present study was a correlational study and a cross-sectional study was conducted. The research population was schizophrenic patients referred to the Forghani-Nekoui Psychiatric Center in Qom in 2020. The sample of the study was 141 hospitalized patients or referred to a psychiatric center, which were selected using the convenience sampling method. In order to collect information, Questionnaires on Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale, Wells' Metacognitions Questionnaire and Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire were used. Research data were analyzed using pathway analysis with PLS software. Results: The average score of the difficulty in performing purposeful behaviors in times of helplessness was 54.1±21.63 and the average score of the difficulty in controlling impulsive behaviors in times of helplessness was 67.27±19.27. The average score of the ambiguity tolerance questions was 25.12±4.32. No significant relationship was found in the relationship between the variables, difficulty of emotion regulation and transcendence, difficulty of emotion regulation and tolerance of ambiguity. The only significant relationship was shown between the effect of meta-worry on the ambiguity tolerance (P=0.049). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that these patients, as mentioned, have less capacity to tolerate ambiguity and meta-worry. It is suggested to pay more attention to these aspects in the treatment of schizophrenia patients.

COVID 19 Lockdown: Learners’ Perspectives on Online Music Education

In response to the present pandemic environment created by COVID 19, there have been significant modifications in various elements of music instruction. All courses, not only those involving group work or theoretical concepts, will be affected by these shifts in the way they are taught and taken. In this day and age, remote emergency teaching and learning calls for cross-collaboration between the teams responsible for the material, the technology, and the training. In this study, we investigate the students' perspectives on online education, and we also give suggestions for making the format more effective and time-saving. The researchers made the decision to carry out their study with the aim of gathering input from undergraduate and master's degree music students after taking part in a university semester that took place in a lockdown setting. An important result of this research was the impact that perceived utility of e-learning methods had in modulating the correlations between compatibility of online approaches and enjoyment of using e-learning methods. A higher perceived utility, which in turn predicted a higher degree of satisfaction with e-Learning techniques, was influenced by the belief that e-Learning strategies are compatible with online music instruction. In spite of the fact that this time heightened apprehensions about social connection, anxiety connected to the unknown, and intolerance of ambiguity, none of these factors predicted levels of contentment in relation to the utilization of e-learning platforms. In conclusion, more educational efforts that support the use of distance learning strategies in the discipline of music education are required. Due to the lack of comparable study carried out in our nation, we came to the conclusion that more investigation into this subject is required.

Cultural influences on future transportation technology usage: The role of personal innovativeness, technology anxiety and desire

AbstractThis study develops and validates a model, based on personal cultural values theory and psychological research, in relation to technology adoption. The model focuses specifically on the future use of on‐demand air mobility (ODAM), which is expected to have significant implications for city commuting and personal well‐being in the years ahead. We use a path modelling approach, in addition to recently advanced analytical methods such as the finite mixture partial least squares (FIMIX‐PLS), measurement invariance of composite models (MICOM) and multi‐group analysis, to validate the model using a data set of 627 young consumers from the Czech Republic. The research model explains 45.2% variation in the future use of ODAM using our global model. This variance explained in the future use of ODAM increases to 62.3% and 64.5% respectively, when we segment our data set into two groups. The results also show that tradition has significant influence on technology anxiety, personal innovativeness and desire to use ODAM. Independence positively affects personal innovativeness but not the desire to use ODAM. We also find that technology anxiety influences the desire to use, which in turn influences the future use of ODAM. However, we find group differences in the influence of ambiguity intolerance on technology anxiety, desire and personal innovativeness. Thus, the study also evaluates the existence of significant differences between two groups in our data set. Overall, the study suggests that individual cultural values play a particularly important role in influencing the future use of ODAM through psychological characteristics. The research implications of the study are discussed in the article.

Profit Expectations Informed by Data: A Noise Intolerance Theory on SMEs’ Use of Data

Data are hailed as solutions to the ambiguity and uncertainty of looking into the future. This paper investigates a cognitive constraint to entrepreneurs using their venture’s data to inform their profit expectation. Specifically, we study how an entrepreneur’s ambiguity intolerance and uncertainty intolerance affect how much their profit expectation differs from a prediction based on their venture’s profit data. We develop theory on data informing expectations and the role of ambiguity and uncertainty intolerance. We test our hypotheses in a unique sample of 233 firms participating in a large-scale consulting project. We find that ambiguity intolerance and uncertainty intolerance each decrease the difference between expectation and prediction if that prediction’s uncertainty is low. Uncertainty intolerance increases that difference if prediction uncertainty is high.