Intimate Relationships Research Articles

우정과 교육: ｢뤼시스｣를 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to reveal the concept of philia and relation between philia and education. In ancient times, the concept of philia is meant to a unique communion between ancient wise man who is pursuing virtue. And that communion is based on the ‘natural kinship’ as a kinship of soul. 
 According to Lysis, this natural kinship is closely related to the process of the pursuing virtue. After modern times, the concept of philia has changed because it has lost its base of kinship. Regardless of the pursuing virtue, the more emphasis is placed on kinship, the more difficult it becomes for humans to have intimate relationships. The educational community confirms that philia(friendship) as a natural kinship can be properly implemented in the process of pursuing virtue.

STT Candra Metu Organization Communication In Building Menyama Braya Ties at Banjar Budamanis Sidemen Karangasem

STT Candra Metu is a youth organization in Budamanis Banjar, Tabola Traditional Village, Sidemen Village, Sidemen District, Karangasem Regency which is engaged in social activities, one of which is building bonds of mutual help between people, namely manyama braya. An organizational communication strategy is urgently needed in building manyama braya ties in Banjar Budamanis so that an active organization is created. This study raises three main issues, namely : What are the forms of manyama braya activities, Organizational Communication Strategies used and what are the implications of STT Candra Metu's Activities in building the manyama braya bond in Banjar Budamanis, Tabola Traditional Village, Sidemen Karangasem? This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach and uses three theories, namely fusion theory, attribution and structural functional theory. Data collection methods used include observation, interviews, documentation and literature. All data is processed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study indicate that the activities carried out by STT Candra Metu in building the manyama braya bond consist of activities in supporting the implementation of the yadnya ceremony, as a forum for strengthening intimate relationships and channeling creativity, interests and talents. While the communication strategy includes: Vertical communication consisting of bottom-up, top-down and horizontal communication. And the implications of STT Candra Metu in building manyama braya bonds include: Sociol cultural and economic implications for society. Based on this research, it can be concluded that an organizational communication strategy is needed to establish and move the wheels of the organization in building manyama braya ties between fellow STT Candra Metu.

Gender Differences in Facebook Addiction as a Coping Response to Social Stressors and Poor Self-Confidence

The Threat Appraisal and Coping Theory suggests that when individuals perceive social stressors from important interpersonal relationships (family, friends, romance), and when they have poor self-confidence, they may display the coping behavior of seeking social support, including that provided by social media platforms such as Facebook. However, individuals who perceive intense social stressors and have poor self-confidence may use Facebook to the extent that it interferes with other areas of their lives. The present study examined this cognitive sequence that could lead to such Facebook addiction: SOCIAL STRESSORS à POOR SELF-CONFIDENCE à EXCESSIVE FACEBOOK. Because of past research showing gender differences in each of these variables, we hypothesized that women would be more likely to show the proposed cognitive sequence leading to Facebook addiction. Participants were 243 women and 209 men from a paid online Survey Monkey sample who reported demographics, three social stressors (family, friends, romance), self-confidence with Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, and excessive Facebook use with the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale. Unlike our hypothesized results, moderated mediational analyses with 5000 bootstrapped samples found significantly higher indirect effect sizes for the three-variable sequence in men than in women, specifically when the social stressor was from family or romantic partners. One interpretation would be that when conflicts occur in intimate personal relationships (family, romance), women may have a wider network of real-life relationships in which they share their emotional concerns, whereas men are more likely to rely on online social media to vent concerns about intimate relationships.

A Study of the Factors Influencing Non-Major English Students' Willingness to Do Workgroup at Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade

When it comes to working together in the group, many students, especially non-major English ones always show their unmotivated expression on their faces and the unwillingness to join in. Nevertheless, group work has always been considered to be one of the most effective learning methods for both lecturers and students. Developing students’ awareness of the importance of collaborative learning is something that lecturers should do, especially for students in higher education since it will greatly affect their chances of being employed in the future since “Employers want college graduates to have developed teamwork skills” (Burke, 2011, p. 87). Study objectives were to determine what factors influence the willingness of non-major English students to work in groups. The study revealed that students feel hesitant to join group work activities due to the fairness of grading, the characteristics of each student in the group, the intimacy in the students' relationship, a fear of being judged by their peers, and a lack of guidance from their lecturers. Furthermore, the study highlighted the need for teachers to provide more guidance and assistance to their students in order to encourage them to participate in group work activities. And after all, the writer hopes that the findings of this article will give lecturers from different majors, not only language departments, more knowledge, more confidence, and more motivation to apply this method in their classrooms to improve both teaching and learning quality in education.

Couple-Level Manifestations of Posttraumatic Stress and Maternal and Paternal Postpartum Relationship Functioning

Objective. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked with impaired intimate relationships in postpartum women, yet less is known about couple-level manifestations of posttraumatic psychopathology and potential associations with relationship functioning for mothers and fathers during this critical time. Method. In a predominately low-to-middle income sample of 867 mother-father couple dyads assessed six months following the birth of a child, two analytic methods—a data-driven dyadic latent profile analysis and hypothesis-driven a priori categorization approach—evaluated whether discrete subgroups of couples could be identified based on both partners’ PTSD symptoms. Structural equation models then tested associations between identified subgroups with (1) self-reported relationship quality and (2) interviewer-rated relationship stress. Results. Three couple-level PTSD symptom groupings were common to both methods: both low, mother low-father high, and mother high-father low. Dyad-level PTSD symptom patterns were differentially related to relationship dysfunction for mothers and fathers, although mixed findings emerged across methods regarding the relevance of which partner had elevated symptoms for relationship functioning in PTSD symptom-discordant couples. Individuals in dyads characterized by at least one partner with elevated PTSD symptoms consistently exhibited greater relationship dysfunction—indexed both subjectively and objectively—compared to dyads where both partners had low symptoms. Conclusions. Couple-level typologies of PTSD symptoms can be identified using data- and hypothesis-driven approaches, with generally concordant results. Dyadic patterns of PTSD symptoms are relevant to relationship functioning for both mothers and fathers during the postpartum period and may help to inform more targeted intervention efforts to support couples who are parenting.

On the Concordance of Romantic and Sexual Feelings and Identity Among University Students in Taiwan.

The degree to which romantic and sexual feelings correspond to one's sexual identity may signify how a person comes to embrace a specific sexual identity. People who endorse an essentialist perspective may expect to see a high degree of concordance between feelings and identity, and a lack of concordance may be associated with negative consequences. People who endorse a social constructionist perspective may view sexual identity as constructed in situ; a lack of concordance is inevitable and may not be associated with negative consequences. This research tests the levels of concordance of feelings and identity by comparing those with and without romantic and sexual feelings using risk ratios and odds ratios. A representative sample of college students in Taiwan was recruited (N = 3882, with 2440 females and 2988 who identified as heterosexual). The findings suggest that (1) people's romantic and sexual feelings largely correspond to their sexual identity, with all risk ratios and odds ratios higher than 1; (2) the concordance was at its lowest level among those with different-sex feelings; (3) gender differences in concordance were trivial; (4) individuals who were questioning their identity were the least clear about what they expect and want in intimate relationships; and (5) no general negative consequences in intimate relationships were observed among discordant/branched individuals. Implications regarding romantic and sexual feelings, sexual identity, and intimate relationships are further discussed.

“What if I got rejected by the girl? I would rather stop the pills”: barriers and facilitators of adherence to antiretroviral therapy for emerging adults aged 18–29 living with HIV in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT Emerging adults aged 18–29 have high rates of viral non-suppression, and poorer adherence to ART when compared to older adults. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 emerging adults in Zimbabwe who had a recent history of viral non-suppression, to explore barriers and facilitators of adherence to ART. Interviews were coded using inductive thematic analysis. The mean age of participants was 23, 65% were male, and 79% reported acquiring HIV at birth. Twelve barriers to adherence were identified. Hiding HIV status due to the possible negative consequences of disclosure had a significant impact on adherence to ART. This was particularly important for emerging adults navigating starting intimate relationships. Being away from home, poverty, poor mental health, isolation, significant life events, alcohol, health systems barriers, and stigma were reported as barriers to adherence. Support from peers and family after disclosure of HIV status, phone-based reminders, problem-solving strategies to adhere, knowing others living with HIV, acted as facilitators to adherence to ART. Beliefs about medicines and relationships with health care providers acted as both barriers and facilitators to adherence. Interventions to reduce stigma, foster peer support, and therapy for common mental disorders could facilitate emerging adults aged 18–29 to adhere to ART.

People With Disabilities and Violent Victimization in the Heartland: Results from the First Phase of the West Virginia Community Quality of Life Survey

Studies of violent victimization in rural and remote parts of the U.S. are in short supply and the bulk of those done so far focus mainly on man-to-woman violence in intimate relationships among people without disabilities. There is, indeed, a major need to broaden the focus of rural victimological research to include violence against people with disabilities, which is the main objective of this article. Relying on original exploratory data generated by the first phase of the West Virginia Community Quality of Life Survey (WVCQLS), population estimates of four types of violent victimization are presented: stalking, sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and hate and bias assaults. The results show that a large number of rural West Virginia residents with disabilities experience these forms of victimization. Directions for further empirical and theoretical work are discussed.

Dear colleague, tell me, do you really know me? The impact of self -verifying feedback on workplace interpersonal relationships and individual workplace behavior .

People need to obtain feedback that verifies the self- views which they hold about themselves, as, it is needed for psychological well-being and consistency. Trying to get self-verifying feedback, namely self-verification strivings research is mostly conducted in personal settings and intimate relationships. Thus, more research studying the topic in organizational settings and business relationships is needed. This paper aimed to study self-verification strivings of employees in organizational settings and to obtain an understanding of the influence of confirmatory feedback on workplace behavior and relationships. The research was exploratory in its nature, thus a qualitative research design was used and in-depth interviews with 30 participants were conducted. Additionally, the researchers made non-participant observation in the workplaces of the participants. The study presents several contributions to the field: It showed that receiving confirmatory feedback improves communication between colleagues; it enables effective division of work which in turn improves teamwork; it ensures the colleagues to have precise expectations about each other’s performances, it contributes to trust between the employee and the verifier, it helps the formation of affective commitment towards the organization and contributes to the development of organizational citizenship behaviors.

Interpersonal communication of young married couples in maintaining their households

As social beings who cannot live alone, humans need other people to fulfill their needs to interact where they will communicate, convey their will, feelings and ideas. In everyday life, no matter where it is, humans must always interact and communicate with certain people who come from groups, races, ethnicities or cultures, is a new experience that is always faced. the research method used in this research is qualitative, data collection techniques are interviews and documentation studies. The results showed that the form of communication of young couples in resolving household conflicts in Ajallase Village is a linear model, this linear model is a communication process that is said to be sufficient if one person sends a message and another person receives the message. The obstacles faced by young couples in Ajallasse Village, Cenrana District in overcoming household conflicts are egoism, low economic factors. The solution of young couples in resolving household conflicts in Ajallasse Village, Cenrana Subdistrict, Bone Regency is to try to build deeper (intimate) relationships with their respective partners, always open to their partners (communicate)

Parent strategies to help emerging adults manage stress are associated with their mental health: A dyadic coping perspective.

Emerging adults (EAs) are at high risk for mental health challenges and frequently reach out to their parents for support. Yet little is known about how parents help emerging adults manage and cope with daily stressors and which strategies help and which hinder EA mental health. In this cross-sectional pilot study of students at a 2- and 4-year college (ages 18-25, N = 680, mean age = 19.0), we extend models of dyadic coping from intimate relationships to the parent-emerging adult relationship and test whether six specific parent strategies to help emerging adults manage stress are associated with EA mental health. Emerging adults with parents who provided problem and emotion-focused supportive dyadic coping, delegated dyadic coping, and common/joint dyadic coping reported fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as higher levels of psychological well-being. In contrast, college-attending emerging adults who reported higher levels of parent-provided negative dyadic coping reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and lower psychological well-being. Parent-emerging adult dyadic coping is a fruitful area for future research and intervention development.

Experiencing Intimate Relationships and Sexuality: A Qualitative Study with Autistic Adolescents and Adults

AbstractRomance, intimacy, and sexuality are crucial elements of human well-being. However, they have gone unnoticed and insufficiently explored among individuals with neurodevelopmental difficulties, namely among autistic people. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability characterized by repetitive and stereotypical behavior, interests, or activities and by difficulties in interpersonal relationships and verbal and non-verbal communication. Preliminary studies reveal that, although most wish to relate intimately with other people, several autistic individuals tend to isolate themselves and engage in individual sexual behaviors. Despite the importance of this topic, few studies have looked at it in depth nor included the unique perceptions of autistic people about topics such as romantic and intimate relationships or sexuality. To fill that gap, we have designed a qualitative, cross-sectional and exploratory study that sought to explore the perceptions and experiences of autistic people about romance, intimacy and sexuality. Twenty-two autistic teenagers and adults (63.6% female) aged between 15 and 45 years, consented to participate in individual in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The transcripts were examined with thematic analysis. The results highlight three main themes: Intimate relationships, sexuality, and sex education. The negative impact of autistic characteristics in sexuality and sexuality was highlighted by the participants. Understanding the difficulties and the needs of autistic people will increase awareness regarding this topic and improve assessment and interventions related to romantic relationships and sexuality. Furthermore, our study sheds light on the importance of developing tailored and adequate sex education programs and tools for the difficulties presented by autistic youth.

What Is the Patriarchy Doing in Our Bed? Violent Sexual-Affective Experiences Among Youth

Abstract Introduction In the context of a qualitative research study on sexual practices and risk among youth, repeated accounts of non-consensual sex and other forms of gender-based violence emerged. Drawing from that research, this article explores the influence of the patriarchal system on sexual-affective relationships among young people aged 18–25 years residing in Andalusia, Spain. Methods The fieldwork was conducted between March and May 2019. Six discussion groups were held with 39 participants segmented by gender, level of education, sexual orientation, and length of relationships. Results The results show that patriarchal constructs related to female body standards and the subordination of women’s pleasure to men’s, in addition to blackmail and sexual violence, continue to pervade the sexual-affective imaginaries and experiences of young people. Additionally, the participants’ discourses on patriarchal and sexual violence are interwoven with critical feminist points of view, revealing timid signs of resistance to the patriarchal order. Conclusions Women navigate inequality by assuming, negotiating, or rebelling against the different types of violence to which they are exposed in their intimate relationships. In their sexual-affective relationships, young people today are confronted with numerous tensions and contradictions. The discourse of females shifts between their right to seek pleasure and self-blaming, while trying to overcome feelings of shame and dismantling aesthetic standards or empowering themselves and claiming orgasm equality. Policy Implications The findings are applicable for the prevention of violence against young women in relationships of trust.

“Let’s not talk about it”: examining the interpersonal context of pornography use by investigating patterns of communicative avoidance

ABSTRACT We investigated the extent to which individuals deliberately avoid the topic of pornography use with their partner and how such avoidance influences the association between pornography use and sexual satisfaction. We reasoned that such communicative avoidance may account for some of the negative relational effects associated with pornography use. A sample of 191 participants in mixed-sex relationships completed online measures of pornography use, sexual satisfaction, and domain-specific and overall measures of communicative avoidance. Men tended to avoid the topic of pornography use more than other topics that have the potential to cause relationship conflict. Women did not avoid the topic of pornography use more or less than other relationship topics. Controlling for pornography use, men and women who were more likely to avoid the topic of pornography use were less likely to be sexually satisfied; this association remained significant for men (but not women) after controlling their overall communicative avoidance. Lastly, men who were high pornography users and reported high levels of overall communication avoidance were most likely to report lower sexual satisfaction. Our findings underscore the need to pay careful attention to relational processes and dynamics when investigating the influence of pornography use on intimate relationships.

Maltreatment, resilience, and sexual relationship power in a sample of justice-involved women with opioid use disorder.

Justice-involved women frequently report maltreatment and intimate relationships characterized by violence and abuse throughout adulthood. The present study aimed to (a) investigate the association between victimization and sexual relationship power (SRP) among justice-involved women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and (b) explore resilience as a potential moderating factor of the association between victimization and SRP. Under the ongoing Kentucky Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN) cooperative, justice-involved women (N = 700) were randomly selected from eight jails in Kentucky, screened for OUD, consented to participate, and interviewed by research staff. SRP was examined using the Sexual Relationship Power Scale, a validated instrument with two distinct subscales measuring decision-making dominance (DMD) and relationship control (RC); prior maltreatment was measured using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs General Victimization Scale, and resilience was assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale. Linear regression was used to examine the association between maltreatment and SRP, with three models constructed to account for SRP, DMD, and RC, controlled for demographic characteristics. Finally, we examined whether the association between victimization and SRP varied as a function of resilience.Significant negative associations between maltreatment and the SRP were observed, ps <.001. Resilience moderated the association between maltreatment and DMD, p =.005; however, resilience did not moderate the associations between maltreatment and SRP, p =.141, or RC, p =.735. These findings highlight the importance of increasing resilience in justice-involved women with OUD to reduce the impact of maltreatment on SRP. Prioritizing resilience may offer significant benefits for preventing and addressing maltreatment.

Gender-Based Violence and Sexism among Young Couples

This study aims to characterise the prevalence of violence in intimate relationships among young university students and the internalisation of ambivalent sexism. The method used was a quantitative, descriptive study of Primary Education and Early Childhood Education groups in Andalusia, Spain. The final sample consisted of 848 participants. As a data collection tool, we used the VIREPA questionnaire and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. The results show that the most frequent forms of violence in young couples’ relationships are emotional, followed by physical and sexual violence, and emotional violence, followed by physical and psychological violence, with sexual aggression being slightly lower. Concerning the variable sex, although the averages are very close, women have higher averages in terms of emotional, physical, and psychological abuse; personal devaluation; and sexual abuse, while men have higher averages in terms of social and economic control. In addition, low levels of sexism were found to be ambivalent in the sample, with the results being highly differentiated by gender, with men having higher arithmetic means than women. This led us to design educational strategies that avoid inequalities between men and women and that contribute to the eradication of sexism and, consequently, the perpetration of violence.

"How will we cope?" Couples with intellectual disability where one partner has a diagnosis of dementia.

People with intellectual disability are at increased risk of dementia at an earlier age. This is the first study to explore experiences of couples with an intellectual disability when one partner has dementia. Four people with intellectual disability whose partner had dementia and one partner who had both an intellectual disability and dementia took part in narrative life story interviews. One of the interviews was conducted as a couple giving direct perspectives from four couples overall. Additionally, thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine social care professionals and four family members. This provided perspectives of the relationships of a further four couples which collectively led to data on eight couples. The emotional impact of a dementia diagnosis, planning for the future and fear of separation was noted by couples with intellectual disability. Partners took on caring roles thus challenging views of being solely care-receivers. Families spoke of commitment and longevity in relationships, whilst social care staff highlighted how their own information needs changed recognising the importance of intellectual disability and dementia-specific knowledge. Couples with intellectual disability continue to enjoy intimate relationships into later life and will face common conditions in older age including dementia. Those who provide support need to ensure that they are sensitive to the previous experience and life story of each couple and have specific knowledge of how dementia can affect people with intellectual disability.

Exploring the personality and relationship factors that mediate the connection between differentiation of self and phubbing

One of the family patterns crucial for mental and physical well-being is differentiation of self. In this study, our aim was to investigate its impact on the phenomenon of phubbing—where individuals prioritize smartphones over in-person interactions. The prevalence of phubbing behavior has risen substantially in tandem with the increased adoption of smartphones. The study investigated familial, interpersonal, and personal factors that could potentially contribute to the escalation of phubbing behaviors. It was hypothesized that differentiation of self would be associated with phubbing through the mediation of fear of missing out, romantic relationship satisfaction, and loneliness in intimate relationships. We also expected gender differences in the study variables. A sample of 431 young adults, with an average age of 29 (M = 29.05, SD = 9.14), completed the DSI-R, Phubbing, FoMO, ENRICH, and LIRS questionnaires online. Results indicated that fear of missing out mediated the relationship between three dimensions of differentiation of self—emotional reactivity, emotional cutoff, and fusion with others—and phubbing behavior. However, the expected mediation by romantic relationship satisfaction and loneliness in intimate relationships did not reach significance, although these variables were found to be associated with differentiation of self. Women reported higher levels of phubbing behavior, emotional reactivity, and fusion with others, whereas men reported higher levels of I-position. We conclude that fear of missing out may serve as a catalyst, triggering anxiety in individuals, which in turn drives them to adopt phubbing as a coping mechanism. Moreover, individuals with lower levels of differentiation of self appear to be at increased risk of engaging in phubbing behaviors through the mediation of fear of missing out.

Host Identity Determines the Bacterial and Fungal Community and Network Structures in the Phyllosphere of Plant Species in a Temperate Steppe

Elucidating the plant−microbiome network is of importance in understanding species coexistence in natural ecosystems. The phyllosphere, which is the aerial parts of terrestrial plants, is inhabited by diverse microbes. However, few studies have focused on the phyllosphere microbiome and plant-microbiome network in temperate grasslands. In this study, we explored the diversity, community structure, and network architecture of phyllosphere bacteria and fungi in 19 plant species native to the temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. We obtained 3,313 and 758 phyllosphere bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units, respectively, and found that the bacterial community was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Firmicutes, whereas the fungal community was dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Plant identity exerted significant impacts on α-diversities of both bacterial and fungal communities. The composition of bacterial and fungal communities differed among plant species. Plant identity had a greater effect on fungal than bacterial communities. Both bacterial and fungal network structures were characterized by specialized, modular, lowly connected, and no nested properties. The plant−fungal network had a high level of specification, modularity, antinestedness, and connectance compared with the plant−bacterial network. Our results suggest more intimate relationships between plants and phyllosphere fungi than between plants and phyllosphere bacteria and also that the phyllosphere fungal community in the temperate grassland ecosystem is more resistant to environmental disturbance than the phyllosphere bacterial community. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms by which species coexist and communities stabilize in grassland ecosystems.

O244: Patients’ priorities in Vulval lichen sclerosus – results of a patient and public involvement for a study investigating autologous lipotransfer and platelet-rich plasma in Vulval lichen sclerosus

Abstract Background Vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a high-burden, under-researched chronic skin disease. It is characterised by itching, pain, sexual dysfunction and poor quality of life. Up to 70% of patients develop fibrosis and vulval architectural changes. The only evidence-based treatment includes topical steroids. New potential surgical treatments include autologous fat transfer (AFG) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections but high-level evidence supporting these treatments is sparse. Aims To identify patients’ research priorities and evaluate the acceptability of AFG and PRP as treatments for VLS and design a trial co-produced by patients. Methods One-to-one interviews, focus groups and online questionnaires were used to investigate patients’ research priorities, acceptability of treatments, preferred outcome assessment tools, views on a sham procedure and trial design. Results A focus group (n=18) and an online patient survey (n=809) identified the top research priorities: changes to vulval anatomy, emotional impact on intimate relationships, inability to have penetrative intercourse and pain during intercourse. Patients reported poor quality of life and said that addressing these would be life-changing. Ninety-nine percent of patients agreed that this trial should be performed and 73% were willing to take part if a sham procedure was used. A patient advisory group (n=5) has been created to co-produce the trial. Conclusion VLS is a complex disease with no core outcome set. Patient co-production is a keystone to a successful trial design and ensures that research is aligned with patients’ priorities. This research defines the key priorities of research into current surgical interventions for VLS.