Intimate Partner Violence Situations Research Articles

“Prevalence and Associated Factors of Perinatal Suicide Risk in Spanish Women”

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and in the perinatal period, the trend is increasing, even up to 100 times in the US. No studies have been carried out with validated instruments despite abundant recommendations to do so. This study aims to determine the prevalence of perinatal suicide risk in Spanish women, as well as the factors associated with it. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 908 women in the perinatal stage. Sociodemographic and obstetric variables, anxiety level (GAD-7), social support (DUKE-UNC), risk of intimate violence (WAST), and suicidal ideation (Paykel) were collected. Crude (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated using logistic regression for the main risk factors for suicidal ideation. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 19.3% (175), and suicide attempt 2.4% (22). In the perinatal stage, the risk factors were anxiety [aOR of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04-1.31)], experiencing a possible situation of intimate partner violence [aOR of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.04-2.43)], and a risk of PPD [aOR of 3.00 (95% CI: 1.86-4.81)]. Perceived social support appears as a protective factor [aOR of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99)], along with skin-to-skin contact with the baby during childbirth [aOR 0.50 (95% CI: 0.28-0.88)]. Conclusions: Presenting anxiety or depression, little social support, and living in a possible situation of intimate partner violence are associated with a greater risk of suicidal ideation during the perinatal stage.

"I've accepted it because at the end of the day there is nothing, I can do about it": A qualitative study exploring the experiences of women living with the HIV, intimate partner violence and mental health syndemic in Mpumalanga, South Africa.

In South Africa, Mental Health (MH), HIV, and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) form a syndemic, that disproportionately affects women. These challenges are often co-occurring and create complex adversities for women. Recognising these intersections and the broader socio-cultural dynamics at play is crucial to understanding the layered experiences of these women and developing effective interventions. This research explores the experiences of the women living with at least two of the epidemics (HIV, IPV and or MH) and how they cope. A qualitative study design was used and 20 women (22-60 years) were recruited from Mpumalanga, South Africa. To be eligible for the study the women had to have experienced at least two of the epidemics. Data were collected through home-based interviews, arts-based activities, and analysed thematically using MAXQDA (2022) software. MH challenges were prevalent among all the participants and were linked to both IPV and HIV, resulting in symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts. In relation to the HIV-MH link, MH challenges in this combination included feelings of denial, sadness and anxiety related to participant's HIV diagnosis. A bidirectional relationship also existed in the IPV-MH group where pre-existing MH challenges among women increased their vulnerability of having violent partners, whilst IPV also increased MH challenges. In the IPV-MH-HIV group early childhood violence exposure was linked with MH challenges and later victimization and vulnerability to HIV. Participants primarily used religion, acceptance, occasional alcohol, and family support as coping strategies. Particularly in IPV situations, alcohol use/misuse was the most prevalent coping strategies. The study highlights the syndemic relationship between HIV, IPV and MH challenges among South African women living in a peri-urban community, with a central emphasis on MH challenges. Interventions should holistically address these challenges, with particular focus on MH challenges, cultural sensitivity, and promotion of healthy coping strategies.

Development and validation of the Informal Supporter Readiness Inventory (ISRI).

This article outlines the development and validation of the Informal Supporter Readiness Inventory (ISRI), based on the model developed by the present authors in (Davies, 2023). This scale assesses the readiness of informal supporters to intervene or provide support in situations of intimate partner violence (IPV). The research followed a three-phased procedure of item development, scale development, and scale evaluation; adhering to best practice guidelines for psychometric development and validation. This process provided empirical substantiation for the domains of the Model of Informal Supporter Readiness (Davies, 2023). The 57-item ISRI incorporates four primary factors: normative, individual, goodman-emotional, and situational-assessment. These factors demonstrated robust internal consistency and factor structures. Additionally, the ISRI evidenced strong test-retest reliability, and both convergent and divergent validity. Although aligning closely with the Model of Informal Supporter Readiness, the scale revealed a nuanced bifurcation of situational factors into situational-emotional and situational-assessment. The ISRI offers an important advancement in IPV research by highlighting the multifaceted nature of informal supporter intervention. The findings have several implications, from tailoring individualised supportive interventions to strengthening support networks and empowering survivors. The present study's findings underscore the potential of adopting a social network-oriented approach to interventions in IPV scenarios. Applications for research and practice are discussed.

Development and Validation of the Bystander Engagement Scale for Witnessed Intimate Partner Violence: A South Korean Version.

Bystanders play a crucial role in assisting and rescuing victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) or sexual assault, thereby preventing further harm. Consequently, an increasing amount of research has focused on improving bystander interventions in such situations. While many existing scales that measure bystanders' willingness to intervene and their behaviors are likely tailored to Western settings and primarily focused on preventing sexual assaults, pursuing diversity to make these scales applicable to a variety of contexts is necessary. This study aimed to develop and validate a scale from South Korean samples that measure the likely level of bystander engagement in witnessed IPV situations, named the Bystander Engagement Scale for Witnessed Intimate Partner Violence (BESW-IPV). Preliminary items, developed to describe various IPV situations that a bystander might witness, underwent content validity testing through expert review and cognitive focus group interviews. Afterward, the scale was administered to 311 participants from the target population in South Korea. The scale's factor structure was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability and validity were rigorously assessed. The final version of the BESW-IPV comprised 28 items. Through EFA, "direct IPV indicators" and "indirect IPV indicators" were identified. Together, these factors accounted for 76.10% of the total variance. CFA affirmed that the final model offers an acceptable fit. The scale's convergent and discriminant validities were also well established. The Cronbach's alpha and the McDonald's omega values were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. In contrast to many existing tools that measure bystander intervention predominantly within the confines of Western educational settings, we believe that the BESW-IPV can be applied in broader contexts, especially in patriarchal environments. Further research is required to translate and validate this tool in different cultural contexts.

Firearm Homicides of US Children Precipitated by Intimate Partner Violence: 2003-2020.

Examine characteristics associated with firearm homicides of children aged 0-17 years precipitated by intimate partner violence (IPV). Data were from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Violent Death Reporting System (49 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico; 2003-2020). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between various characteristics and IPV among child firearm homicides. From 2003-2020, a total of 11 594 child homicides were captured in the National Violent Death Reporting System, of which 49.3% (n = 5716) were firearm homicides; 12.0% (n = 686) of child firearm homicides were IPV-related. Among IPV-related child firearm homicides, 86.0% (n = 590) were child corollary victims (ie, children whose death was connected to IPV between others); 14.0% (n = 96) were teens killed by a current or former dating partner. Child firearm homicides had greater odds of involving IPV when precipitated by conflict, crises, and cooccurring with the perpetrator's suicide compared with those without these characteristics. Over half of IPV-related firearm homicides of child corollary victims included homicide of the adult intimate partner, of which 94.1% were the child victim's mother. Child firearm homicides perpetrated by mothers' male companions (adjusted odds ratio, 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.9-12.1) and children's fathers (adjusted odds ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-6.8) had greater odds of involving IPV compared with those perpetrated by mothers. Multiple factors were associated with greater odds of child firearm homicides being IPV-related. Strategies promoting healthy intimate partner relationships starting at a young age; assessment of danger to children in IPV situations; strengthening economic supports for families; creating safe, stable, and nurturing relationships and environments for children; and addressing social and structural inequities are important for preventing firearm homicides of children, including those involving IPV.

The Influence of Law Enforcement Officers’ Sex in Their Attitude toward Intimate Partner Violence Situations

This article analyzes the impact that the sex of law enforcement officers might have on the way they intervene in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) situations, and if that is determined by prejudices related to traditional gender roles within intimate relationships. A questionnaire was applied to 1,872 law enforcement officers of GNR (Republican National Guard), Portugal. The results show differences in beliefs and perceptions and subsequent decisions to intervene, which reveal that women and men hold different views about gender roles and IPV. The data warns against the influence that prejudices might have on the decision to act in IPV situations.

Attribution of Blame in an Intimate Partner Violence Situation: The Effect of Victim Sexuality and Observer Sex.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an extensive public health concern, largely affecting women aged 20 to 24 years. Research suggests that bisexual women are more likely than heterosexual and homosexual women to be victims of IPV. Bisexual women are also more likely to be blamed for their abuse experiences after disclosing, a phenomenon known as victim blame attribution (VBA). However, very little VBA research recognizes bisexuality as a separate category. Therefore, the main aim of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the role of female victim sexuality (bisexuality, homosexuality, and heterosexuality) and observer sex in the attribution of blame to the victim and perpetrator of IPV. Participants (N = 232; aged 18-24 years, M = 21.05, SD = 1.73) were randomly assigned into one of four conditions (heterosexual victim, bisexual victim with same-sex partner, bisexual victim with different-sex partner, homosexual victim), each containing a vignette portraying IPV within a relationship. Randomization checks were performed to ensure that participants in the four conditions did not differ significantly on underlying attitudes (institutional heterosexism (IH), aversive heterosexism (AH), heterosexual privilege (HP), sexist attitudes, just world beliefs) that may have affected their responses on outcome measures. Main analyses demonstrated that bisexual victims with a same-sex partner received the highest attribution of blame, whereas perpetrators in this condition received the lowest blame attribution. Male participants attributed significantly higher blame to victims than did female participants, regardless of victim sexuality. These findings substantiate the role of victim sexuality and observer sex in IPV blame attribution patterns. This research aimed to promote equality and rightful treatment to all victims of IPV regardless of their sexuality.

Early maladaptive schemas of women in situation of intimate partner violence

Early maladaptive schemas of women in situation of intimate partner violence

Social Dynamics, Gendered Subjectivities, and Surreptitious Acts of Agency From Women to Face Intimate Partner Violence in a Rural Community of Peru.

The article analyzes women's inner subjective processes while engaged in male-to-female intimate partner violence (IPV) situations. Through in-depth interviews with 12 women who had suffered violence in a rural community in Peru, it examines three topics: social dynamics that simultaneously contribute to resist within and openly question IPV, the transformations of hegemonic femininity in the community and the implications on their gendered subjectivities, and women's surreptitious acts and processes of agency to recalibrate power within their situation of IPV. In conclusion, women experience inner psychic tensions about themselves, their partners, and their relationships, which enables them to question IPV while resisting within the violent situation.

LGBTIQ CALD People's Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Literature Review.

Experience of surviving intimate partner violence (IPV) is well documented in research, policing practices, newspapers, and awareness campaigns domestically and internationally. Arguably, those who have survived IPV and have their experiences reflected within society undergo a transformative experience of empowerment. As society recognises and validates their experience has occurred, and responds to it, accordingly, as some survivors have targeted services and interventions to assist in this transformation. However, for LGBTIQ-identifying peoples, experiences of IPV are poorly understood in contemporary society, which is further exacerbated for LGBTIQ-identifying CALD people as they continue to remain hidden. The systematic literature review aims to explore the experiences of this group in their development of resilience following an abusive and violent relationship. Of the potential 230 identified studies, 5 studies met the eligibility criteria. In line with the eligibility criteria, these studies were first reviewed by title, then by abstract and then by full text. Of those studies which the research team deemed relevant for inclusion, their reference lists where also reviewed to determine if any further relevant studies could be identified using this strategy. As a result of the above process, five (5) studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. From data extraction, three major themes emerged: Intimate Partner Violence as Experienced by LGBTIQ survivors, Marginalised Identity and Types of Survivorship. While refined, these themes capture a more robust set of sub-themes that identify the diverse ways in which LGBTIQ survivors experience responses to their victimised status as experienced in IPV situations. Overall, the review found that resilient outcomes for LGBTIQ CALD survivors remain misunderstood and missing within the literature. There is a propensity to focus on negative coping strategies and an exclusive focus on LGBTIQ CALD vulnerabilities. Future research requires investigation into strategies and support that move beyond coping to include resilient outcomes and support systems that allow manifestations of resilience.

Unveiling Frequently Co-Occurring Reasons of Attitudinal Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence against Women: A Behavioral Data Science Perspective.

The results of gender equality indicators across the world in the form of prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women are striking and has thus drawn the attention of policy makers as well as necessitates the adoption of a comprehensive system to deal with. The situation of IPV in Pakistan is alarming. This study examines the acceptability attitude of women and men toward intimate partner violence against women through data science. It discovers and contrasts the frequently co-occurring reasons due to which husbands’ behaviour of beating their wives is believed to be legitimate by both partners in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Though the discovered frequently co-occurring reasons, such as “arguing with the husband and neglecting the children” altogether, are similar in both genders but the fraction of wives believing in such reasons are significantly greater than that of husbands. This psychological disparity across genders could help in identifying the social and cultural factors to whom this disparity is attributed. It is expected that the identified co-occurring groups of reasons would help to understand the problem to the next level and devise better strategies to mitigate them.

Everyday peace as a theory to explain victims’ peacemaking actions in intimate partner violence situations

This paper assesses the transferability of the concept of everyday peace, developed in the conflict and peace studies literature, to practices utilised by people experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). The relevance of everyday peace to IPV is assessed by mapping typologies of the concept against behaviour that victims implement to manage and survive abusive relationships. To collect these data, experienced family violence practitioners were asked to recount practice-based information about everyday strategies that victims use to avoid triggering or to de-escalate a perpetrator, thereby minimising immediate harm coming to themselves or others. Theming these behaviours against typologies of everyday peace demonstrated the significant relevance of this theory to IPV. As such, we suggest that everyday peace is a useful conceptual framework to apply to family violence. Our analysis finds that the everyday peace framework is particularly helpful for exploring victim agency in these contexts, reframing mundane and everyday strategies as agentic. In addition, everyday peace offers a means for better understanding victims’ actions, which could help develop more effective service responses supporting choice and agency in IPV situations.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and its Application in Women Living under a Situation of Intimate Partner Violence

The objective of the study was to describe whether Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was effective for the care of women living in a situation of intimate partner violence. A search was made in virtual libraries: Google Scholar, Redalyc, Scielo, Dialnet. The inclusion criteria focused on research on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) addressing victims of intimate partner violence in the last ten years. Protocols and interventions on women who experience intimate partner violence and men who generate it, treated from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in conjunction with other models such as Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Behavioral Activation (BA) and Functional Analytical Psychotherapy (FAP) were found. It was concluded that although there is little evidence of the results, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of postraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety.

Australia – A Land for Young Women? Exploring Young Women's Positioning in Contemporary Australian Family Violence Discourses

Young women in Australia experience serious risks from intimate partner violence (IPV) as a form of family violence. However, there has been a lack of attention to the impact of this on young women and, as a result, these risks are not well understood. This article critically examines existing literature, policy and research and in doing so, specifically explores the ways in which young women aged between 10 and 20 years old are represented and positioned in contemporary family violence discourses. Framed by a review of socio-political and cultural history, the paper highlights the early colonial, patriarchal foundations of Australia, which have specific implications for the challenges that contemporary young women experience in situations of IPV. With a particular emphasis on the Australian context, this article employs both an intersectional and critical feminist lens, with a key focus on the dimensions of adolescent development and youth social geographies. Focusing specifically on these dimensions, including development, gender and age, highlights the important role that feminist social work perspectives and practices can contribute to uncovering, understanding and responding to young women's experiences of intimate partner violence through policy and advocacy.

Covid 19, gender violence, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder

IntroductionIn Ecuador, the first case of covid19 was reported on February 29th of 2020, forcing people to remain in lockdown, which increased gender violence; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.ObjectivesDetermine the cases during the lockdown caused by the covid-19 pandemic we found victims of some type of gender-based violence, depression, and PTSD.MethodsAn observational, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out based on surveys conducted online, the study was conducted on January 29th of 2021, in the province of Guayas-Ecuador. Performed with “google forms” platform, data on affiliation, the situation of intimate partner violence and the Davidson trauma test (PTSD) and the Beck test (depression) were collected.ResultsA total of 411 samples were obtained, classified according to age, sex, number of children, education, occupation, intimate partner relationship, whether they had suffered gender violence and types of violence. 88 (21.41%) people reported having suffered some type of violence, of which 25 (28.42%) were men and 62 (70.45%) were women. The most common was psychological with 53 (60.23%) people. 82 respondents tested positive to Davidson test for PTSD, equivalent to 20% of the total sample. 51 people (12%) reported suffering from mild depression, 53 (13%) reported suffering from moderate depression and 38 people (9%) reported major depression with Beck test.ConclusionsIn this study we evidenced that although the interviewers claimed they had never suffered gender violence , it was observed that the results were incongruent, so it is important to highlight that talking about gender violence is still considered a stigma in our society.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Police prosecutors and LGBTIQ intimate partner violence, victims, and perpetrators: an empirical study

This paper reports on a survey exploring whether police prosecutors in the Queensland Police Service can recognise and respond appropriately to intimate partner violence (IPV) in the LGBTIQ community. Utilising an online survey featuring hypothetical vignettes of IPV involving LGBTIQ people, it sought to understand police prosecutors’ recognition of, and response to, IPV situations involving LGBTIQ people; the likelihood of IPV occurring in LGBTIQ relationships; and whether friendships, interaction (social and professional), and levels of trust in LGBTIQ people shape their perceptions of LGBTIQ victims, perpetrators, and IPV itself. Contributing new knowledge into the extant policing literature examining policing of IPV, the results of this study offer a unique insight into police prosecutors and LGBTIQ IPV and their inability to clearly distinguish between perpetrators and victims in LGBTIQ IPV scenarios, particularly where coercive control is involved, or a transgender person is the victim. We argue that enhancing police prosecutors’ recognition of, and response to, IPV situations in the LGBTIQ community is important because of the key role that prosecutors play in LGBTIQ peoples’ access to justice and responding appropriately to their needs as victims and perpetrators. The results from this study have international significance regarding developments in policing policy and practice and IPV recognition, and what this means for operational policing guidelines and better policing response when prosecuting IPV situations involving LGBTIQ people.

Exclusive breastfeeding in a context of intimate partner violence in Brazil

The study aim was to identify the experience of exclusive breastfeeding and its relationship with the situation of intimate partner violence from a qualitative approach. The study was carried out in a maternity hospital located in Brazil. The participants were 21 puerperal women, who were in a situation of intimate partner violence in the puerperium and who had at least 180 days postpartum. The quantitative data (the women's sociodemographic, economic, family, and obstetric status) were used for describing the participants. Whereas, the qualitative data were collected through an open interview and recorded in a single moment, they reflected on the experience of breastfeeding in situations of violence by their intimate partners. The qualitative data was treated using the Method of Sense Interpretation; and Male Domination and Symbolic Power, by Pierre Bourdieu, were the theoretical frameworks chosen to discuss the concept of gender in social relationships. Most of the participants were young, black/brown-skinned, had a mean of 10 years of study, all suffered some type of violence by their partners during postpartum, and only one woman followed exclusive breastfeeding until six months. The central category, entitled: “Intimate partner violence and its repercussions on the experience of exclusive breastfeeding”, identified that intimate partner violence impacted in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding, interruption of latching, in addition to affecting the relationship between mother and child. The originality of the theme must be discussed in the academic, practical, governmental, and research spheres in order to strengthen the notification and confrontation of violence and to advocate for exclusive breastfeeding even in adverse contexts.

Violences sexuelles entre partenaires intimes : caractéristiques et enjeux cliniques

IntroductionIntimate partner sexual violence is identified as a common form of intimate partner violence. It is also the most widespread form of sexual violence in the world, with one woman in four affected during her lifetime. In France, couple relationships appear to be the area of life most at risk of sexual victimization in adulthood. However, our understanding of this phenomenon is limited, with few targeted studies in the international literature and very little data in France. Most studies tend to focus on sexual violence in general or intimate partner violence in general, without exploring in depth the characteristics and issues of sexual violence when committed by a partner. While intimate partner violence is a major public health issue, what do we know about intimate partner sexual violence and how can we use this information to provide a better support for victims? ObjectivesThe aim of this article is to summarize the current state of the art about intimate partner sexual violence, along two major lines: a descriptive line, focusing on the nature, extent, and expressions of sexual violence in couples, as well as its clinical effects; and a food-for-thought line, focusing on the identification of issues likely to contribute to the harmful power of intimate partner sexual violence. Materials and methodsArticles were selected from referenced databases, such as PubMed, PsycInfo and Web of Science. The terms “intimate partner sexual violence” and “intimate partner rape” were used as first choice, and then the keywords “intimate partner violence; domestic violence; domestic abuse; intimate partner; relationship; battered women; spouse; wife; marital” were cross-referenced with the terms “rape; sexual violence; sexual abuse; sexual coercion; unwanted sex; forced sex”. The search for articles was carried out between February 2021 and May 2021. ResultsThe literature tends to indicate that intimate partner sexual violence develops mainly in relationships already marked by violence. It appears to be co-occurring with physical and psychological violence by the partner elsewhere in the relationship, but also simultaneously with the abuses. Intimate partner sexual violence is repetitive and has multiple expressions: their reality extends beyond intimate partner rape. They seem to be associated with unique deleterious effects for the victims, and could be an indicator of the severity of the overall situation of intimate partner violence, with increased post-traumatic and depressive symptomatology, as well as a greater number of deaths by suicide and homicide. However, they are still perceived as less serious than sexual violence by a non-partner or a stranger, both by society and by the women affected. This discrepancy between the seriousness of sexual violence between partners and its global and individual perception is to put into perspective with the dysfunctional dynamics of sexual consent in violent relationships. However, the research is scarce, and more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the numerous aspects of intimate partner sexual violence. ConclusionsThe clinical reality of intimate partner sexual violence is both worrying and poorly understood. It must be recognized and addressed in treatment because of its traumatic potential and its power regarding psychological confusion for the victims. The current state of knowledge indicates that asking women who have experienced violence from their partner about sexual violence is an essential part of practice. The professionals in contact with this public must be properly trained to be able to provide adequate responses.

THEORETICAL-EXPLANATORY MODEL OF THE CARE PROVIDED TO WOMEN IN SITUATIONS OF VIOLENCE IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a theoretical-explanatory model of the care provided to women in situations of intimate partner violence in the context of Primary Health Care. Method: a study with a qualitative approach, whose theoretical-methodological contribution adopted was the updated Straussian strand of the Grounded Theory. Between February and December 2019, individual interviews were conducted with 31 professionals who worked in Family Health Units in the Health District of a capital from northeastern Brazil, members of the minimum team (first sample group) and of the Expanded Family and Primary Care Health Center (second sample group). The data were organized using an analytical tool called Paradigmatic Model, consisting of three components: condition, action-interaction and consequences. Results: the theoretical-explanatory model of the phenomenon called “enabling the empowerment of women in situations of intimate partner violence” allowed understanding the meanings attributed by the professionals to the care offered to women in situations of intimate partner violence within the scope of the Family Health Strategy. Conclusion: the model of care provided to women in situations of intimate partner violence, based on identification of the problem and intervention in the cases, is limited due to the characteristics of the organization of the services. In this sense, the study points to the importance of managerial actions to achieve favorable outcomes for female empowerment and consequent confrontation of violence.

Social support networks for women in situation of intimate partner violence.

to analyze the possibilities of support that the social support network offers to women in situations of intimate partner violence. qualitative research anchored in Sanicola's social network framework. A total of 21 women attended at a specialized social assistance service in Porto Velho-Rondônia, Brazil, participated in a semi-structured interview. the analysis of network maps showed that the secondary social support network mobilized had a central character in the lives of women in situations of violence. These women sought the third sector's secondary network, the churches, from which they received emotional-affective and spiritual support. understanding the social network setting and the type of support offered can contribute to improving care for women and strengthening interpersonal and institutional ties that help in the search for breaking the situation of violence.