Intestinal Parasitic Infections In Patients Research Articles

Intestinal parasitic infections in patients with aids in northeast Brazil: an historical series from 2017 to 2022

Opportunistic infections are a major cause of death in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) may aggravate the clinical condition of immunosuppressed patients and they may increase the risk of death. The goal of the present study was to determine the epidemiological profile of patients with AIDS and IPIs who visited a reference hospital for contagious diseases in Northeast Brazil from 2017 through 2022. It was an observational, transverse, descriptive, and analytical study. Medical records were assessed, epidemiological questionnaires were administered to identify risk factors for IPI, and coproparasitological examinations were performed to detect IPI. Of the 248 patients included in this study, 30.6% (76/ 248) tested positive for IPI. Entamoeba histolytica/ dispar (16.5%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (14.4%) were the most prevalent protozoa and helminths identified. Diarrheic consistency was observed in 25.8% of the feces samples, and mucus or blood were present in 19.4%. Analysis of the sociodemographic profiles of patients with IPIs showed that most were female, lived in small cities, earned up to two minimum wages, had an incomplete primary education, and were single. We conclude that to control parasite transmission in patients with HIV/AIDS, public policies related to human and environmental health, routine coproparasitological exams, and acceptance of antiretroviral therapy are necessary. KEY WORDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; opportunistic infections; intestinal parasite infections; public health.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients with diabetes are at an increased risk of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs). We evaluated the pooled prevalence and OR of IPIs in patients with diabetes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol for studies reporting IPIs in patients with diabetes through 1 August 2022. The collected data were analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software version 2. Thirteen case-control studies and nine cross-sectional studies were included in this study. The overall prevalence of IPIs in patients with diabetes was calculated to be 24.4% (95% CI 18.8 to 31%). Considering the case-control design, the prevalence of IPIs in case (25.7%; 95% CI 18.4 to 34.5%) was higher than controls (15.5%; 95% CI 8.4 to 26.9%) and a significant correlation was observed (OR, 1.80; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.97%). Moreover, a significant correlation was seen in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. (OR, 3.30%; 95% CI 1.86 to 5.86%), Blastocystis sp. (OR, 1.57%; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.22%) and hookworm (OR, 6.09%; 95% CI 1.11 to 33.41%) in the cases group. The present results revealed a higher prevalence of IPIs in patients with diabetes than in controls. Therefore, the results of this study suggest a proper health education program to preventing measures for the acquisition of IPIs in patients with diabetes.

Intestinal parasitic infections in patients attending a tertiary care centre

Intestinal parasitic infections in patients attending a tertiary care centre

The distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in patients of attending to university hospital in Eskisehir/Turkey from 1980 to the day

The distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in patients of attending to university hospital in Eskisehir/Turkey from 1980 to the day

Comparison of parasitological techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections in patients with presumptive malabsorption.

Intestinal parasitic infections still remain a public health problem, overall in tropical and subtropical regions. Frequently, patients with malabsorption syndrome can be infected with intestinal parasites, independent that they could be the etiological agents. To compare three coproparasitological techniques Paratest®, Ritchie and direct wet mount for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections in patients with suspected malabsorption syndrome. A descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out in 82 patients with presumptive symptoms of intestinal malabsorption. Three consecutive stool samples were collected from every patient and they were analyzed by three coproparasitological techniques. The degree of agreement was almost perfect when all parasitological techniques were compared for all protozoan infections. Nevertheless, the agreement between Paratest® and Ritchie's methods was slightly lower because this last method was superior for intestinal infections with commensals. The technique of Ritchie showed 100% of sensitivity for protozoa infections in general. However, the direct wet mount and the Paratest®, showed lower sensitivity. When all techniques were compared only for infections with no pathogenic protozoa, the Paratest® had the lowest sensitivity, and less predictive value for negatives. Ritchie's method showed a higher superiority than Paratest® for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa infections in this group of patients. We would recommend the evaluation of new techniques in local conditions before to decide the introduction in the public health network of laboratories.

Molecular appraisal of intestinal parasitic infection in transplant recipients.

Background & objectives:Diarrhoea is the main clinical manifestation caused by intestinal parasitic infections in patients, with special reference to transplant recipients who require careful consideration to reduce morbidity and mortality. Further, molecular characterization of some important parasites is necessary to delineate the different modes of transmission to consider appropriate management strategies. We undertook this study to investigate the intestinal parasitic infections in transplant recipients with or without diarrhoea, and the genotypes of the isolated parasites were also determined.Methods:Stool samples from 38 transplant recipients comprising 29 post-renal, two liver and seven bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients presenting with diarrhoea and 50 transplant recipients (42 post-renal transplant, eight BMT) without diarrhoea were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by light microscopy using wet mount, modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining for intestinal coccidia and modified trichrome staining for microsporidia. Genotypes of Cryptosporidium species were determined by multilocus genotyping using small subunit ribosomal (SSUrRNA), Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) as the target genes. Assemblage study for Giardia lamblia was performed using triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) as the target gene. Samples were also screened for bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens.Results:The parasites that were detected included Cryptosporidium species (21%, 8/38), Cystoisospora (Isospora) belli (8%, 3), Cyclospora cayetanensis (5%, 2), G. lamblia (11%, 4), Hymenolepis nana (11%, 4), Strongyloides stercoralis (3%, 1) and Blastocystis hominis (3%, 1). Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium species at SSUrRNA, COWP and DHFR loci could detect four isolates of C. hominis; two of C. parvum, one of mixed genotype and one could not be genotyped. All the C. hominis isolates were detected in adult post-renal transplant (PRT) recipients, whereas the C. parvum isolates included a child with BMT and an adult with PRT. Clostridium difficle, cytomegalovirus and Candida albicans were found in 2, 3 and 2 patients, respectively.Interpretation & conclusions:In the present study, C. hominis was observed as an important parasite causing intestinal infections in transplant recipients. Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium species could detect four isolates of C. hominis; two of C. parvum, one of mixed genotype and one could not be genotyped. Genotyping of G. lamblia revealed that assemblage B was most common.

Intestinal parasitic infections in patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A case-control study

Introduction: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of certain infections; however, little is known about the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in them. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of intestinal parasitic infections in patients with DM in comparison with a healthy control group. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 118 patients with DM and 118 healthy people as control group from April to September 2014. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hemoglobin A1c level were checked, and checklists including risk factors for parasitic infections were filed for all participants. Three stool samples and one scotch tape were obtained. Samples were examined by direct wet smear, formol-ether concentration, Kinyoun acid-fast staining, and modified trichrome stain. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results: The rate of parasitic infection was significantly more in the patients (26.3%) than the controls (6.8%) (P < 0.050). The most detected infection was Blastocystis hominis (n = 14) followed by Endolimax nana (n = 10) and Giardia lamblia (n = 5). Infection with B. hominis was significantly more in the DM patients (9.3%) than in the controls (2.5%) (P < 0.050). DM [odds ratio (OR) = 3.6], female gender (OR = 3.0), and the presence of symptoms (OR = 9.900) were the risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections (P < 0.050).Conclusion: Patients with DM might be at an increased risk of infection with intestinal parasites specifically B. hominis as an opportunistic infection, and routine stool examination should be considered for them.

Pattern of intestinal parasitic infections in patients visiting to rural tertiary care teaching hospital in Pune

Aim: To determine the predominant intestinal parasitic infections among all age group of patients attending tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials & methods: A total of500 stool samples were collected from all age groups and examined by routine naked eye and microscopic examination. Results: 62(12.40%) Stool samples showed presence of ova/cysts of protozoa or helminths. Protozoal cysts or trophozoites were found in (64.51%) while helminthic eggs were found in 22(35.38%) of positive samples. In protozoal infection, Entaetaemoeba histolytica was found 55% followed by Giardia lamblia.63.63 % samples were positive for Anchylostoma duodenale Presence of parasitic infection was predominantly seen in adults. Conclusion: Entaetaemoeba histolytica is a predominant protozoal infestation and the Anchylostoma duodenale amongst the helminthes. Low positivity of the specimen as compare to other study indicate improved awareness of hygiene in the society. Positivity was seen more in male (15.4%) patient than female (10%).

Prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasite infection in HIV positive population of central India region

Intestinal parasitic infections are major cause of public health problems and mortality and morbidity in tropical countries. However, everyone is suscepti-ble to parasitic infections but HIV/AIDS patients having lower immune status are at greater risk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients living with HIV/AIDS. A total of 244 consecutively sampled HIV/AIDS patients from Peoples College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal were included in the study. Prior con-sent of every subject was taken before collecting the stool and blood sample of every volunteer for microscopic examination and CD4 cells count. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 31.5% among HIV/AIDS pa-tients. Maximum Isospora belli infection (n=27; 35%) were observed. Para-sitic density was higher among the patients having lower CD4 T cells counts (&lt;200/μL). Also, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was decreas-ing with improvement in CD4 cell count. Considering the outcome of present study, stool examination of every HIV positive individual should also be man-datorily done to identify intestinal parasitic infections, if present and treated accordingly.

Prevalence of parasitic infections in HIV-positive patients in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Intestinal parasitic infections are a major public health burden in tropical countries. Although all HIV/AIDS patients are susceptible to parasitic infections, those having lower immune status are at greater risk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients living with HIV/AIDS. This was a facility-based cross-sectional study. A total of 343 consecutively sampled HIV/AIDS patients from the HIV care clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital were included. Subjects were interviewed for demographic variables and diarrheal symptoms using structured questionnaires. Stool examinations and CD4 cells counts were also performed. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 47.8% among HIV/AIDS patients; single helminthic infection prevalence (22.7%) was higher than that the prevalence of protozoal infections (14.6%). About 54% of study participants had chronic diarrhea while 3.4% had acute diarrhea. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients with chronic diarrhea was significantly higher than in acute diarrhea (p <0.05). Non-opportunistic intestinal parasite infections such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia spp., and hookworm were commonly found, regardless of immune status or diarrheal symptoms. Opportunistic and non-opportunistic intestinal parasitic infection were more frequent in patients with a CD4 count of <200/mm(3) (OR=9.5; 95% CI: 4.64-19.47) when compared with patients with CD4 counts of ≥500 cells/mm(3). Intestinal parasitic infections should be suspected in HIV/AIDS-infected patients with advanced disease presenting with chronic diarrhea. Patients with low CD4 counts should be examined critically for intestinal parasites, regardless of diarrheal status.

Frequency of opportunistic and other intestinal parasitic infections in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Bangladesh

ObjectiveOne of the major health problems in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is superimposed infections due to reduced immunity. It has long been recognized that the interactions between HIV and other infective agents, including parasites, significantly influence the health status of people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This study attempted to detect enteric parasites in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with diarrhea. Materials and MethodsStool samples were collected and examined for enteric parasites by light microscopy, modified acid fast stain, and modified trichrome stain methods. ResultsIntestinal parasitic pathogens were detected in 77.14% of patients infected with HIV and they were found to be significantly associated with opportunistic infections. Major pathogenic populations identified are Cryptosporidium spp. (47.14%), Blastocystis hominis (44.28%), Entamoeba histolytica (37.14%), Hymenolepis nana (30%), Isospora belli (28.57%), Giardia lamblia (25.71%), Cyclospora species (24.29%), Ascaris lumbricoides (22.85%), and Trichuris trichiura (18.57%). ConclusionCryptosporidium spp. prevailed in HIV-positive patients with diarrhea, and interestingly, polyparasitic infections were demonstrated in chronic cases with a low CD4 count. Therefore, regular antienteric parasitic prophylactic trials are recommended in for patients with low CD4 cell count.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients referred to health centers of Qom 2007-2009

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients referred to health centers of Qom 2007-2009

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Brazil

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and to investigate the possible associations of clinical status and laboratory findings with the different parasites found in stool samples. Methods: Each patient was provided with one standard fecal collection vial containing 10% formalin for detecting ova, larvae, and cysts. To detect Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli, the acid-fast Kinyoun stain and fluorescent auramine-rhodamine stain were used. Results: A total of 200 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome participated in this study; 40% were infected with at least one pathogenic species. The total prevalence of parasites was 16% for Giardia lamblia, 13% for Entamoeba coli, 7% for Cryptosporidium parvum, 3.5% for Endolimax nana, 2.5% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 2.5% for Strongyloides stercoralis, 2% for Isospora belli, and 0.5% for Blastocystis hominis. Results showed that diarrhea was significantly associated with cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and isosporiasis. However, no association was observed between the CD4+ cell counts and the manifestation of any particular parasite. Conclusions: The data support the value of standard fecal examinations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, even in the absence of diarrhea, since these examinations easily can be performed, with low costs, and frequently disclose treatable conditions.