Intestinal Obstruction In Dogs Research Articles

Mango Seed Causing Acute Intestinal Obstruction in Dogs: A Case Series

Mango Seed Causing Acute Intestinal Obstruction in Dogs: A Case Series

Online Instructional Module Improves Student Ability to Evaluate for Radiographic Small Intestinal Obstruction in Dogs.

Radiographic diagnosis of mechanical small intestinal obstruction in dogs is a common and important skill for the small animal practitioner; however, developing skills in this area is challenging. Feedback and practice are both essential to increasing accuracy in interpretation, which can be maximized with focused, self-paced training. We aimed to characterize the efficacy of a self-paced, online module in improving student skill and confidence in interpretation of radiographic small intestinal obstruction in dogs. An instructional module was developed using a series of abdominal radiographs of dogs with and without small intestinal mechanical obstruction; the module allows students to form a diagnosis and then provides feedback on each case. Before and after using the module, 32 veterinary students completed a survey and 20-case abdominal radiograph quiz. This quiz presented 20 abdominal radiograph cases and asked if each radiographic series demonstrated small intestinal mechanical obstruction and the student's confidence level in the diagnosis. Prior to completing the module, average quiz accuracy was 64%; this accuracy increased to 83% after completing the module. Student confidence in their diagnosis also increased post-module completion. On surveys, students had a low initial confidence in their ability to accurately interpret normal versus small intestinal obstruction via abdominal radiographs; confidence improved on the post-module survey. Students made positive comments regarding the module and reviewed it positively as a learning experience. This instructional module appears to be a successful way to teach and reinforce radiographic interpretation skills for small intestinal obstruction in dogs.

Is radiography or ultrasonography superior at detecting intestinal obstructions in dogs with acute abdominal signs?

PICO question In dogs with acute abdominal signs is radiography or ultrasonography superior at detecting surgical patients with intestinal obstructions? Clinical bottom line Category of research Diagnosis. Number and type of study designs reviewed Six relevant studies were identified and reviewed, all diagnostic validity studies. Four had cross sectional designs in place and two have a prospective cohort study design. Strength of evidence Moderate. Outcomes reported All studies showed that ultrasound and radiography were useful in the diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction in dogs. One study with moderate evidence showed that ultrasound is superior to three-view abdominal radiography for diagnosing small intestinal mechanical obstructions in dogs with acute vomiting (p = 0.013). Most of the studies suggested that ultrasound might be more accurate than radiography at detecting surgical patients with intestinal obstructions, but no sufficient evidence was reported. In some studies, the results are too similar for a statistically significant difference to be claimed without further investigation. All studies suggest that the experience of the person who performs or estimates the diagnostic imaging studies can affect the accuracy of each technique, but no statistical comparisons were made to support this hypothesis. Conclusion The results of these studies suggest that both techniques are helpful in the diagnosis of small intestinal obstructions in dogs. There are limitations on each technique and factors that can affect accuracy, like the level of training and expertise but more studies are needed to estimate that. Future studies should focus on the comparison of results when ultrasonography is performed in a general practice setting and knowledge base rather than specialists. The majority of studies included in this summary suggest that ultrasound is generally superior if only one modality can be used, but this is mostly based on weak evidence and further investigations to confirm statistical significance are needed. Considering that all studies were performed by diagnostic imaging experts, the only conclusion that can be safely made is that abdominal ultrasound is superior to three-view abdominal radiographs for diagnosing small intestinal mechanical obstructions in dogs with acute vomiting. Additionally it suggests this modality combined with a good level of training on ultrasonography interpretation or, if possible, cooperation with an expert to get the most out of this tool while treating future patients with relevant issues. How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.

Clinical and Radiographical Evaluations of Different Methods for Intestinal Obstruction in Dogs

The present experimental study was aimed to Describe, evaluate and compare between different techniques of experimental intestinal obstruction in dogs. The present study was performed on 12 healthy mongrel dogs aging (9 months to 24 months) and weighing (12 to 15 kg). All dogs were subjected to full physical and clinical examination which includes; body temperature, Respiratory rate and Pulse rate. Four types of techniques were used: A. Intestinal obstruction on the level of lumen (3 dogs were used), B. Intestinal obstruction on the level of lumen with fixed knot (3 dogs were used), C. Intestinal obstruction on the level of lumen with ligation of blood vessels (3 dogs were used), D. Experimental intussusception (3 dogs were used). Dogs’ recoevery from anasethesia was smooth with no complications. The wounds showed no signs of infection and the sutures were removed after 8 days. Soft food was introduced after one day of resolution of the obstruction with close observation of appetite, urination and defecation. On conclusion: Intestinal obstruction techniques were almost the same in application with the exception of the intussusception which was the most complicated procedure. Time consumed during the procedures was higher in case of intussusception and in case of intestinal obstruction on the level of lumen with ligation of blood vessels. Clinical signs were almost the same with no significant variation within the four applied techniques. The effect on intestinal loop and intestinal viability considered to be prominent when blood vessels were included as in case of obstruction on the level of lumen with ligation of blood vessels and in intussusception where a large portion of intestinal loop is resected and then reanastmosed.

Ultrasonography of small intestinal obstructions: a contemporary approach

To assess the accuracy of intestinal ultrasound for diagnosis of intestinal obstruction in dogs and cats. A prospective clinical study was performed. Inclusion criteria were dogs and cats with clinical signs suggestive of gastrointestinal obstruction. Animals with no obstruction detected on ultrasound were excluded if they could not be monitored for 48 hours to confirm absence of obstruction. Sonographic diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction was based on identification of at least two findings suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Ninety-two patients suspected of having intestinal obstruction were included. Correct diagnosis of intestinal obstruction was made in 21 cases (23%), and in 68 (74%) this diagnosis was excluded. Interpretation of the images on prospective analysis had sensitivity, positive predictive, specificity and negative predictive values of 100%, 87.5%, 95.8% and 100%, respectively. Ultrasonography is an excellent method for investigation of animals with gastrointestinal disorders, and is particularly useful for excluding obstructive processes.

One Stage Functional End‐to‐End Stapled Intestinal Anastomosis and Resection Performed by Nonexpert Surgeons for the Treatment of Small Intestinal Obstruction in 30 Dogs

To describe stapled 1-stage functional end-to-end intestinal anastomosis for treatment of small intestinal obstruction in dogs and evaluate outcome when the technique is performed by nonexpert surgeons after limited training in the technique. Case series. Dogs (n=30) with intestinal lesions requiring an enterectomy. Stapled 1-stage functional end-to-end anastomosis and resection using a GIA-60 and a TA-55 stapling devices were performed under supervision of senior residents and faculty surgeons by junior surgeons previously trained in the technique on pigs. Procedure duration and technical problems were recorded. Short-term results were collected during hospitalization and at suture removal. Long-term outcome was established by clinical and ultrasonographic examinations at least 2 months after surgery and from written questionnaires, completed by owners. Mean±SD procedure duration was 15±12 minutes. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in 25 dogs. One dog had anastomotic leakage, 1 had a localized abscess at the transverse staple line, and 3 dogs developed an incisional abdominal wall abscess. No long-term complications occurred (follow-up, 2-32 months). Stapled 1-stage functional end-to-end anastomosis and resection is a fast and safe procedure in the hand of nonexpert but trained surgeons.

Clinical, blood picture and pathomorphological studies on experimental intestinal obstruction in dogs.

Summary The clinical manifestations, blood picture, blood chemistry and pathomorphological changes are reported in dogs with experimental intestinal obstruction of the duodenum or the ileum. Body temperature and pulse rate revealed a moderate increase. The most obvious clinical signs were abdominal pain, depression, vomiting, dehydration, shivering and ataxia, followed by collapse, coma and death. Haemoconcentration and leucocytosis were manifested by the increased values of R. B. Cs., HB., P. C. V., M. C. H. C. and leucocytes. M. C. V. showed a slight fall while M. C. H. showed a slight change. There was a marked neutrophilia with a decrease in the number of the other types of leucocytes. Variations in the level of serum electrolytes occurred throughout the survival period of the animals. There was a progressive hypoglycaemia throughout the post-operative days in both groups. At first, the level of total serum proteins increased and then finally it declined until death. A marked increase was found in the values of N. P. N., B. U. N., blood creatinine and serum indican in both groups. Marked toxaemic lesions were seen post mortem. Zusammenfassung Klinik, Hamatologie, Biochemie und Pathomorphologie bei experimenteller Darmobstruktion bei Hunden Bei der ersten Versuchstiergruppe wurde das Duodenum bei einer zweiten Versuchstiergruppe das Ileum ligiert. Die experimentellen Darmobstruktionen hatten folgende Effekte: Erhohung der Korpertemperatur und der Pulsfrequenz, Abdominalschmerz, Depression, Erbrechen, Dehydratation, Muskelzittern, Ataxie, Kreislaufkollaps, Koma mit nachfolgendem Tod. Die Bluteindickung fuhrte zur Erhohung folgender Parameter: Erythrozytenzahl, Hamoglobingehalt, Hamatokritwert, mittlere erythrozytare Hamoglobinkonzentration, Leukozytenzahl. Das mittlere Erythrozytenvolumen (MCV) zeigte eine leichte Verminderung und der Farbekoeffizient (MCH) eine leichte Erhohung. Die Zahl der neutrophilen Granulozyten erhohte sich signifikant wahrend die Zahl der anderen Leukozytenarten abnahm. Die Konzentrationen der Serumelektrolyte schwankten wahrend der Uberlebensperiode. Bei beiden Versuchstiergruppen trat postoperativ eine progressive Hypoglykamie auf. Der Gehalt an Serumproteinen erhohte sich vorerst, fiel aber vor dem Tode wieder ab. Die folgenden Blutparameter erhohten sich in beiden Versuchsgruppen: Reststickstoff (NPN), Harnstoffstickstoff, Kreatinin und Indikan. Bei der Sektion wurden deutliche toxamische Veranderungen gefunden. Resume Clinique, hematologie, biochimie et pathomorphologie dans l'obstruction intestinale experimentale chez des chiens Le duodenum dans un premier groupe d'animaux d'experience et l'ileum dans nun secod furent ligatures. Les obstructions intestinales ont eu les consequences suivantes: elevation de la temperature corporelle et de la frequence du pouls, douleur abdominale, depression, vomissements, deshydratation, tremblements musculaires, ataxie, collapsus circulatoire, coma et mort. L'epaississement sanguin conduisit a l'elevation des parametres suivants: nombre d'erythrocytes, taux d'hemoglobine, valeur de l'hemocrite, concentration moyenne de l'hemoglobine erythrocytaire, nombre des leucocytes. Le volume erythrocytaire moyen (MCV) diminua legerement et le coefficient de coloration (MCH) augmenta legerement. Le nombre des granulocytes neutrophiles augmenta de facon significative alors que le nombre des autres leucocytes diminua. Les concentrations des electrolytes seriques oscillerent durant la periode de survie. Une hypoglycemie progressive est intervenue dans les deux groupes apres l'operation. Le taux des proteines seriques augmenta tout d'abord pour tomber a nouveau avant la mort. Les parametres sanguins suivants augmenterent dans les deux groupes: azote restant (NPN), azote de l'uree, creatinine et indican. Des lesions nettement toxemiques furent trouvees a l'autopsie. Resumen Clinica, hematologia, bioquimica y patomorfologia de la obstruccion intestinal experimental en perros En el primer grupo de animales de ensayo se ligo el duodeno, mientras que en el segundo grupo el ileon. Las obstrucciones intestinales experimentales ocasionaban los efectos siguientes: elevacion de la temperatura corporal y de la frecuencia del pulso, dolor abdominal, depresion, vomitos, deshidratacion, temblores musculares, ataxia, colapso circulatorio, coma y muerte. El espesamiento de la sangre conducia al aumento de los parametros siguientes: numero de eritrocitos, tasa de hemoglobina, valor del hematocrito, concentracion media de la hemoglobina eritrocitaria y numero de leucocitos. El volumen eritrocitario medio (VEM) mostraba una disminucion ligera y el coeficiente de coloracion (CC) un aumento somero. El numero de granulocitos neutrofilos aumentaba de forma significativa, mientras que disminuia el numero de los otros tipos de leucocitos. Las concentraciones de los electrolitos sericos oscilaban durante el periodo de supervivencia. En los dos grupos de animales de ensayo aparecia tras la operacian una hipoglucemia progresiva. Por lo pronto, aumentaba la tasa de proteinas sericas, pero disminuia de nuevo antes de llegar la muerte. En los dos grupos aumentaban los parametros sanguineus siguientes: nitrogeno remanente (NPN), nitrogeno ureico, creatinina e indican. Durante la autopsia se hallaron modificaciones toxemicas manifiestas.

FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES OF ANESTHESIA ON EXPERIMENTAL INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN DOGS

Experiments were performed to make comparison between the influence of Halothane (H-I) and Ether (E-I) inhalation anesthesia on experimental intestinal obstruction (upper occlusion) in dogs, at the same time intact Halothane (H-N) and Ether (E-N) inhalation anesthesia for control anesthesia were carried out.Comparison was made of clinical findings, blood pressure, blood gases and acid-base balance, blood components and body fluid.The results were as follows:1) After 96 hours of intestinal obstruction, decrease of body fluid and plasma chloride which were caused by a vomiting, at the same time increase of pulse rate, blood concentrate, hypotonia and a mild acidemia were recognized.2) In E-I group, delay of time of the laryngo-pharyngeal reflexes were observed, and 2 heads of E-I group died without a completely awaking.3) Body temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate resulted similar effects in all groups (H-N, E-N, H-I, E-I) .4) Arterial blood pressure depressed in intestinal obstruction groups (H-I, E-I) .5) Halothane anesthesia groups (H-N, H-I) exhibited respiratory acidosis, and Ether anesthesia groups (E-N, E-I) showed mixed acidosis. Furthermore, intestinal obstruction groups (H-I, E-I) were more aggravating than control groups (H-N, E-N), particularity, E-I group maintained after the end of anesthesia.6) Ht, Hb, plasma electrolytes and osmotic pressure did not change in all groups (H-N, E-N, H-I, E-I) .7) Body fluid volume were not difference between H-I and E-I group.From these results, it is presumed that use of Halothane inhalation anesthesia was better than Ether inhalation anesthesia on intestinal obstruction in dogs.

A study of bacteria and lethal factors in fluids from experimental intestinal obstruction in dogs.

A study of bacteria and lethal factors in fluids from experimental intestinal obstruction in dogs.

Demonstration of Kinins in Intestinal Obstruction in Dogs

IN the course of an investigation into the cause of death in intestinal obstruction in dogs, we have examined material obtained from dogs with isolated loops prepared by the technique of Harper and Blain1. Such material is known to be toxic when injected intravenously in small quantities into healthy dogs2–4. In attempting to define the nature of the toxic substance, we have examined its effect on isolated smooth muscle. Peritoneal fluid and loop contents from some dogs caused slow contractions of smooth muscle which were not abolished by atropine, mepyramine or lysergic acid diethylamide. Material was diluted 10–100 times and was applied directly to a guinea pig ileum preparation at 35° C. Contractions were slow in onset and reached a maximum in about 1 min. On changing the fluid in the tissue bath the muscle relaxed within 1–2 min. Similar, but less potent, activity was also shown by intestinal contents of normal dogs.

Intestinal Obstruction in Dog

Intestinal Obstruction in Dog

EXPERIMENTAL INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN DOGS WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CAUSE OF DEATH AND THE TREATMENT BY LARGE AMOUNTS OF NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION

In an investigation into the cause of death following a high intestinal obstruction in dogs,1we were able to exclude, as causal factors, an invasion of the blood and organs by bacteria, and any influence due to the absorption of food residues in the stomach or intestine at the time the obstruction was produced. It was also determined that dogs would live under these circumstances for periods of ten days, provided no strangulation was present, and they were given normal salt solution, subcutaneously, while life was considerably shorter than this when a strangulation existed or the saline was withheld, and they received water only by mouth. At autopsy there was constantly found a more or less marked degeneration of the kidney and liver cells, often going on to actual necrosis, and the intestinal mucosa above the obstruction showed an exfoliation of the lining cells, a round-cell infiltration and a