Intestinal Nematodes In Dogs Research Articles

INTESTINAL NEMATODES IN DOGS AND CATS IN BANJA LUKA, REPUBLIKA SRPSKA

Some intestinal nematodes of dogs and cats show zoonotic potential, and therefore theyare of public-health significance. In the territory of the city of Banja Luka, 149 samples wereexamined (131 of dogs and 18 cats), with 40 samples of dog feces collected from two public areasin the city. Parasitological examination (saturated zinc sulfate floatation and determination of larvaeand adult parasites in feces) resulted in the following data: Toxocara canis (9.16%),Ancylostomatidae (5.34%), Trichuris vulpis (7.63%), Toxascaris leonina (1.52%), Toxocara cati(33.3%), Trichuris spp. (5.5%) and Hydatigera taeniaeformis (5.5%). On the basis of the obtainedresults we can conclude that the intestinal nematodes are more widespread than is generallyassumed and therefore represent a health problem for dogs and cats in the territory of Banja Luka.

Monitoring of Intestinal Nematodoses of Dogs in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and the Test Results of the New Drug Avertfen Powder

In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the most common nematodes are toxocarosis, ankylostomosis, uncinariosis, toxoascariosis, which occur in dogs with an EI of 50-100%. The goal is to monitor intestinal nematodes in dogs in Kabardino-Balkaria and to test the effectiveness of the new drug Avertfen powder in mixed invasion of intestinal nematodes in dogs. Studies have shown that intestinal nematodoses of dogs in the form of mono and mixed invasions are widespread in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic with a total EI of 78.6%. Associative invasion caused by a tetrade of intestinal nematodes (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum. Toxascaris leoninae, Uncinaria stenocephala) was observed mainly with EI = 38,0% with an intensity of 169.7; 132.5; 94.8; 147,3ekz. /head. In the group of dogs infected with the mixed invasion Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum., Toxascaris leoninae, Uncinaria stenocephala, the new drug Avertfen powder in a dose of 15mg/kg body weight had EE and IE - 100%. At the same time, on the 7th day, deworming of eggs and larvae of intestinal nematodes was not detected in feces. This dose of Avertfen powder should be recognized as an effective therapeutic dose.

Risk factors and prevalence of toxocariasis in pregnant women and diabetic patients compared to healthy adults in Ilam province, western Iran.

Toxocara is one of the common intestinal nematodes in dogs and cats and is the agent of tissue migratory larvae in humans. Customarily, the prevalence of human toxocariasis hovers around 15.8 % in Iran. Furthermore, other research outcomes demonstrated a tendency for an outbreak of toxocariasis in Iran. Therefore, we carried out a cross-sectional study and assessed the seroprevalence of toxocariasis humans in Ilam Province, western of Iran. A total of 539 serum samples were collected between September 2017 and March 2018 from patients referred to the Health Centers of Ilam province, Iran. Serum samples were investigated for the presence of Toxocara using IgG antibodies, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit. Risk factors such as contact with cats and dogs, living in rural areas were investigated among the study population. Out of 539 total samples collected, 97 cases (17.99 %) were positive for anti-toxocara IgG antibodies. These antibodies were recovered from serum samples of otherwise healthy adults (15.54 %, 49/296), pregnant women (21.16 %, 40/189) and diabetic patients (14.81 %, 8/54). This study showed significant relationship between toxocariasis and contact with animal pets in all studied groups (P value ≤ 0.05) and a significant relationship between toxocariasis and living in rural areas among pregnant women (P value ≤ 0.05).

PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRENDS OF INTESTINAL NEMATODES INFECTION IN DOGS IN UPPER EGYPT

The study was carried out to determine the clinical course and epidemiological pattern of intestinal nematodes in dogs in Upper Egypt, and their impact on various hematological and biochemical parameters. A total number of 120 dogs (Age =1 month to 3 year), both sex and of different breed’s size (small and large) were included in the present study. Parasitological, clinical, hemato-biochemical and epidemiological examinations were conducted. Microscopic analysis of fecal samples (n=120) revealed three types of intestinal nematodes: Toxocara canis (n= 28), Toxascaris leonina (n =5), Ancylostoma caninum (n = 4) and mixed infection of Toxocara canis and Dipylidium caninum (n =2) with an overall infection rate 32.5% (39/120). Toxocara canis was predominate type of nematodal parasite infection in the studied population (23.3%). Puppies (0- 0.05) on infection rate of intestinal nematodes but season had high impact on nematodal infection The infection rate showed significant (P 0.05) in erythrocytic parameters (RBCs, Hb, PCV) and platelets count in infected group, whereas group differences for TWBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils were non-significant high. Biochemical data generated revealed significant decrease (P>0.01) in the value of serum total protein in infected group. Liver enzymes showed significant increase (P>0.01) in serum AST, ALT and ALP in infected group compared with healthy one. In conclusion, intestinal nematode in dogs was common in Upper Egypt with infection rate of 32.5% and Toxocara canis was the most common nematode infection (23.3%). They have significant effects on hematological and biochemical parameters suggesting their importance as a health problem in dogs.

Zoonotic intestinal nematodes in dogs from public parks in Yucatán, México

Dogs represent a potential public health risk because of the natural transmission of zoonotic parasitic infections. To estimate the frequency and to determine factors associated with the presence of intestinal nematode eggs in dog feces collected in public parks of Mérida,Yucatán, México. A total of 100 dog fecal samples collected from 20 public parks in two areas of Mérida were analyzed. Samples were processed by the centrifugation-flotation and the McMaster techniques to confirm the presence and to quantify the excretion of intestinal nematode eggs per gram of feces. The factors associated with the presence of nematode eggs were identified using the chi square univariate analysis. We found an 11% frequency of fecal samples positive for intestinal nematode eggs. Eggs of three species of parasites were identified: Ancylostoma caninum was the most common (10%), followed by Toxocara canis (10%), and Trichuris vulpis (1%). Most positive samples were infected with only one intestinal nematode (10%), and only 1 % was positive for a mixed infection by A. caninum andT. vulpis. The presence of stray dogs in public parks was an associated factor (p=0.046) with a higher number of fecal samples positive for intestinal nematode eggs. The frequency of intestinal nematodes in dog feces with zoonotic potential was high in parks of Mérida, Yucatán, México; samples from parks where there were stray dogs had a higher possibility of being positive.

Efficacy of afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewable tablets against naturally acquired intestinal nematodes in dogs

The efficacy of oral afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime combination chewable tablets (NexGard Spectra®, Merial) against naturally acquired intestinal nematode infections in dogs was evaluated in six negative control, blinded studies including a total of 114 dogs. Dogs were selected based on a pre-treatment fecal examination indicating patent infections with hookworms (two studies), Toxocara or Toxascaris ascarids (one study each) or Trichuris whipworms (two studies).In each study, dogs were assigned to blocks of two animals each, based on decreasing pre-treatment body weight and were randomly allocated to one of two groups consisting of eight, nine or 10 dogs: untreated (control) or treated with the combination chewable tablet formulation. Chewable tablets were combined to provide doses of actives as close as possible to the minimum effective dose of afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime, i.e., 2.5mg/kg body weight and 0.5mg/kg body weight, respectively, once on Day 0. For parasite recovery and count, dogs were euthanized humanely and necropsied seven or eight days after treatment.A single treatment with afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewable tablets provided 94.8% and 90.9% efficacy against adult Ancylostoma braziliense and A. caninum, respectively, 97.8% and 99.4% efficacy against adult Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, respectively, and ≥98.3% efficacy against adult Trichuris vulpis. Compared to untreated controls, nematode counts of the treated dogs were significantly reduced (F-test; p<0.002). In addition, analysis of the pooled data across studies revealed that treatment with afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewable tablets reduced adult Uncinaria stenocephala burdens by 74.9% (p=0.002). All dogs tolerated the treatment well based on clinical observations post-treatment and daily clinical observations. No adverse experiences or other clinical problems related to the treatment were observed throughout the studies.The results of this series of controlled studies demonstrated high efficacy and excellent acceptability and safety of the afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewable tablets when administered for treatment of a broad range of canine intestinal nematode infections.

Mini-FLOTAC, a new tool for copromicroscopic diagnosis of common intestinal nematodes in dogs

BackgroundThe most common intestinal nematodes of dogs are Toxocara canis, hookworm and Trichuris vulpis. The present study was aimed to validate a new copromicroscopic technique, the Mini-FLOTAC and to compare its diagnostic efficiency and sensitivity with four other copromicroscopic techniques: direct smear, tube flotation, Wisconsin method and the FLOTAC dual technique.FindingsTwo experiments were performed. In the first, faecal positive samples collected from 59 stray asymptomatic dogs, of which 21 were naturally infected with ancylostomidae, 13 naturally infected with T. canis and 25 naturally infected with T. vulpis were used to validate the Mini-FLOTAC technique. The second experiment was performed on faecal samples randomly selected from 38 stray asymptomatic dogs to compare the diagnostic efficiency and sensitivity of the different techniques. Samples were fixed with 5% formalin; sodium chloride and zinc sulphate were used for flotation solutions because they performed best for detecting and quantifying intestinal nematode eggs in dogs. Mini-FLOTAC and FLOTAC were the most efficient and sensitive techniques and they gave higher EPG and higher numbers of positive samples in both the experiments, for all three parasites.ConclusionsAs Mini-FLOTAC does not require centrifugation it is a very promising technique for counting helminth eggs in dog faeces.

Cross-reactivity between sera from dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis and crude extract of Toxocara canis.

This study was performed to investigate whethere there is cross-reactivity between Dirofilaria immitis and three intestinal nematodes of dogs. In ELISA, D. immitis-infected dog sera obtained at the 4th molting stage (9-11 weeks) and microfilaremic stage (25-30 weeks) were shown to be highly reactive with crude extract of T. canis. In immunoblotting, some antigenic fractions, 44, 57, 88, 100 kDa of crude extract of T. canis, were found to be positive reaction with sera of dogs infected with D. immitis. However, little or no cross-reaction were observed between sera of D. immitis-infected dogs and crude extract antigen of T. vulpis or A. caninum. These result suggest that there are partial cross reaction between sera of D. immitis-infected dogs and the antigen of T. canis.

Surveys on the prevalence of intestinal nematodes in dogs and cats in the Netherlands

Surveys on the prevalence of intestinal nematodes in dogs and cats in the Netherlands

Use of Thiabendazole-Medicated Feed for Prophylaxis of Four Common Roundworm Infections in Dogs

Use of Thiabendazole-Medicated Feed for Prophylaxis of Four Common Roundworm Infections in Dogs