Intervention Staff Research Articles

Exploring the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Dental Team: Preparedness, Psychological Impacts and Emotional Reactions.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed increased demands on clinical staff in primary dental care due to a variety of uncertainties. Current reports on staff responses have tended to be brief enquiries without some theoretical explanation supported by developed measurement systems.Aim: To investigate features of health and well-being as an outcome of the uncertainties surrounding COVID-19 for dentists and dental health professionals in primary dental care and for those in training. In addition, the study examined the well-being indices with reference to normative values. Finally a theoretical model was explored to explain depressive symptoms and investigate its generalisability across dentists and dental health professionals in primary dental care and those in postgraduate training.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of dental trainees and primary dental care staff in Scotland was conducted in June to October 2020. Assessment was through “Portal,” an online tool used for course bookings/management administered by NHS Education for Scotland. A non-probability convenience sample was employed to recruit participants. The questionnaire consisted of four multi-item scales including: preparedness (14 items of the DPPPS), burnout (the 9 item emotional exhaustion subscale and 5 items of the depersonalisation subscale of the MBI), the 22 item Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and depressive symptomatology using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Analysis was performed to compare the levels of these assessments between trainees and primary dental care staff and a theoretically based path model to explain depressive symptomology, utilising structural equation modelling.Results: Approximately, 27% of all 329 respondents reported significant depressive symptomology and 55% of primary care staff rated themselves as emotionally exhausted. Primary care staff (n = 218) felt less prepared for managing their health, coping with uncertainty and financial insecurity compared with their trainee (n = 111) counterparts (all p's < 0.05). Depressive symptomology was rated higher than reported community samples (p < 0.05) The overall fit of the raw data applied to the theoretical model confirmed that preparedness (negative association) and trauma associated with COVID-19 (positive association) were significant factors predicting lowered mood (chi-square = 46.7, df = 21, p = 0.001; CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.03). Burnout was indirectly implicated and a major path from trauma to burnout was found to be significant in primary care staff but absent in trainees (p < 0.002).Conclusion: These initial findings demonstrate the possible benefit of resourcing staff support and interventions to assist dental staff to prepare during periods of high uncertainty resulting from the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

Serious Mental Illness in Nursing Homes: Roles and Perceived Competence of Social Services Directors

ABSTRACT Providing nursing home psychosocial care to persons with serious mental illnesses (SMI) requires understanding of comorbidities and attention to resident rights, needs and preferences. This quantitative study reports how 924 social service directors (SSDs) taking part in the National Nursing Home Social Service Director survey identified their roles and competence, stratified by the percentage of residents with SMI. More than 70% of SSDs, across all categories of homes, reported the social services department was “always” involved in conducting depression screening, biopsychosocial assessments and PASRR planning. SSDs in homes with lower concentrations of residents with SMI reported less involvement in anxiety screening. Those employed in homes with higher concentrations of residents with SMI reported lower involvement conducting staff interventions for resident aggression or making referrals. More than one-fifth of SSDs lacked confidence in their ability to compare/contrast dementia, depression, and delirium or to develop care plans for residents with SMI. SSDs’ perceived competence in developing care plans for residents with SMI was associated with education and involvement in care planning. About one-quarter of social services directors reported not being prepared to train a colleague on how to develop care plans for residents with SMI. Training in SMI could enhance psychosocial care.

Building Community in the HIV Online Intervention Space: Lessons From the HealthMPowerment Intervention.

Mobile health platforms can facilitate social support and address HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) stigma but pose challenges for intervention design and participant engagement. Giddens's structuration theory, that individuals are shaped by-and shape-their communities through rules and resources that give them power to operate within these environments, provides a useful analytic framework for exploring these dynamic intervention spaces. Data were drawn from an online randomized controlled trial intervention (HealthMpowerment) for young Black men who have sex with men to reduce condomless anal intercourse. We applied a conversational analysis informed by structuration theory to 65 user-generated conversations that included stigma content. We aimed to understand how the interdependent relationship between the intervention space and participants' contributions might contribute to behavior change. Thirty five intervention participants contributed to the analyzed conversations. Our analysis identified three types of conversational processes that may underlie behavior change: (1) Through intervention engagement, participants established norms and expectations that shaped their discussions; (2) participants used anecdotes and anonymity to reinforce norms; and (3) intervention staff members sought to improve engagement and build knowledge by initiating discussions and correcting misinformation, thus playing an integral role in the online community. The lens of structuration theory usefully reveals potential behavior change mechanisms within the social interactions of an online intervention. Future design of these interventions to address HIV stigma should explicitly characterize the context in which individuals (study staff and participants) engage with one another in order to assess whether these processes are associated with improved intervention outcomes.

Intelligent Cable Joint Quality Management System Based on RFID Technology

Intelligent workshop production is based on the stable implementation of the enterprise production plan, the use of the Internet of Things technology to achieve the visual management and services of the enterprise, improve the control of the production process of the enterprise, reduce the manual intervention of the production staff of the enterprise, to build a user-friendly production workshop with real-time information and visual production process. This paper mainly studies the intelligent cable joint quality management system based on RFID technology. This paper designs a data acquisition and monitoring scheme for RFID in the workshop site and material warehouse. Taking the RFID reading process in the workshop site as an example, the communication process between the bottom layer and the upper computer is described in detail to provide data support for the control and control of the industrial site. This paper studies the tag conflict prevention algorithm in THE RFID system when the materials are out of storage. The algorithm divides the tag conflict into several independent and small-scale optimal sub-structures according to the number of conflict slots.

Results of a factor analysis of items regarding COVID-19 pandemic-specific workload among medical staff in Germany

IntroductionEpidemics lead to an increase in occupational stress and psychological strain among medical staff (cf. Mulfinger et al. 2020). However, there are no validated questionnaires to measure stress caused by an epidemic such as Covid-19, instead self-constructed questions are used frequently.ObjectivesThe aim was to develop items for the assessment of specific workload in epidemics which can be used to obtain longitudinal data.MethodsA sample of N=8078 persons working in the health care sector in Germany participated in the VOICE, EviPan online survey addressing the burden of Covid-19 pandemic during the 2nd quarter of 2020. We used 15 self-constructed items to examine whether these items can represent Covid-19 specific topics. A total of N=7549 (24% males) had complete data to run a confirmatory factor analysis using SEM procedure in Stata 14.2.ResultsFive factors were identified a priory: Factor (F) 1: Workload due to Covid-19 pandemic (4 items; Cronbachs’ alpha (α))=0.740); F 2: Fear, uncertainty of SarsCoV-2infection (self and others) (3 items; α= 0.741); F 3: Patient safety (3 items; α=0.533; F 4: Perception of protection concepts (2 items; α=0.590); F 5: Dysfunctional coping strategies (3 items; α=0.447). Fit-Indices: χ²(73)= 1373.849, p&lt;.001, CFI=.946, TLI=.923, RMSEA=.0049, SRMR=.037)ConclusionsWe identified 5 factors associated with problems occurring during the Covid-19 pandemic with acceptable to good internal consistency. Most of the constructed items could therefore be used in further surveys to monitor stress, as a basis for recommendations in the area of stress prevention and interventions for medical staff during epidemics.

Implementation fidelity of an Integrated Healthy Lifestyle Service: a process evaluation

Aims:The current study aimed to evaluate implementation fidelity of an Integrated Healthy Lifestyle Service (IHLS).Methods:A pragmatic sample of 28 individual interviews and 11 focus groups were conducted. This resulted in a total of 81 (22 male) individuals comprising key stakeholders (n = 18), as well as intervention staff across senior management (n = 4), team lead (n = 14) and practitioner (n = 11) roles, and intervention clients (n = 34).Results:A mixed degree of implementation fidelity was demonstrated throughout the five a priori fidelity domains of study design, provider training, intervention delivery, intervention receipt, and enactment. Stakeholders, staff and clients alike noted a high degree of intervention receipt across all services offered. Contrastingly, practitioners noted that they received minimal formal operational, data systems, clinical, and curriculum training as well as a lack of personal development opportunities. Consequently, practitioners reported low confidence in delivering sessions and collecting and analysing any data. A top-down approach to information dissemination within the service was also noted among practitioners which affected motivation and overall team morale.Conclusion:Results can be used to conceptualise best practices as a process to further strengthen the design, delivery and recruitment strategies of the IHLS.

A local report of a psychiatric intervention at a covid-19 clinical site: An intervention for patients and front-line medical staff

A local report of a psychiatric intervention at a covid-19 clinical site: An intervention for patients and front-line medical staff

Effects of a multi-component alcohol prevention intervention at sporting events: a quasi-experimental control group study.

Alcohol intoxication among spectators and related problems are common at sporting events. This study estimated the impact a multi-component community-based alcohol prevention intervention, implemented at Swedish Premier Football (soccer) League matches, had on intoxication levels among spectators and refusal rates of alcohol service to, and arena entry of, obviously intoxicated spectators. A quasi-experimental controlled study using a repeated cross-sectional design. Spectators and sport arenas in Stockholm and Gothenburg, Sweden. The intervention was implemented in Stockholm and consisted of community mobilisation and collaboration, training of staff and improved enforcement and policy work. Gothenburg was the comparison area and received usual care. Primary outcomes were spectators' mean breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), proportion of spectators with high intoxication levels, (defined as BrAC ≥0.1%), overserving at licensed premises inside arenas and refused arena entry of obviously intoxicated spectators. Baseline data were collected during 2015 and follow-up during 2016 and 2017. BrAC assessments (n=10 188), arena entry attempts (n=201) and alcohol purchase attempts at premises inside arenas (n=495) were collected. There was evidence that the refusal rates of alcohol purchase at premises inside arenas improved differently between study areas and over time (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.28, 95% CI=0.07, 1.06, P=0.060, Bayes factor [BF]=8.60). In both study areas, the arena entry refusal rates improved over time (aOR=5.87, 95% CI=1.16, 29.83, P=0.033, BF=17.7), but evidence that the rates improved differently between study areas and over time was equivocal (aOR=0.57, 95% CI=0.09, 3.56, P=0.543, BF=1.2). Mean BrAC levels decreased over time in both study areas (β=-0.032, 95% CI=-0.050, -0.015, P<0.001), and differently (β=0.104, 95% CI=0.061, 0.146, P<0.001), but evidence for an interaction effect was equivocal (β=-0.002, 95% CI=-0.022, 0.018, P=0.868, BF=1.0). Evidence was equivocal regarding whether the proportion of spectators with high intoxication levels decreased differently between study areas and over time (aOR=1.17, 95% CI=0.91, 1.50, P=0.220, BF=2.2). A multi-component community-based alcohol prevention intervention at sporting events may have increased staff intervention toward obviously intoxicated spectators. It was not clear whether this translated into a reduction in intoxication, which can be explained by improvements in the comparison area.

The \u2018Eat Well @ IGA\u2019 healthy supermarket randomised controlled trial: process evaluation

BackgroundSuccessful implementation and long-term maintenance of healthy supermarkets initiatives are crucial to achieving potential population health benefits. Understanding barriers and enablers of implementation of real-world trials will enhance wide-scale implementation. This process evaluation of a healthy supermarket intervention sought to describe (i) customer, retailer and stakeholder perspectives on the intervention; (ii) intervention implementation; and (iii) implementation barriers and enablers.MethodsEat Well @ IGA was a 12-month randomised controlled trial conducted in 11 Independent Grocers of Australia (IGA) chain supermarkets in regional Victoria, Australia (5 intervention and 6 wait-listed control stores). Intervention components included trolley and basket signage, local area and in-store promotion, and shelf tags highlighting the healthiest packaged foods. A sequential mixed-methods process evaluation was undertaken. Customer exit surveys investigated demographics, and intervention recall and perceptions. Logistic mixed-models estimated associations between customer responses and demographics, with store as random effect. Supermarket staff surveys investigated staff demographics, interactions with customers, and intervention component feedback. Semi-structured stakeholder interviews with local government, retail and academic partners explored intervention perceptions, and factors which enabled or inhibited implementation, maintenance and scalability. Interviews were inductively coded to identify key themes.ResultsOf 500 customers surveyed, 33%[95%CI:23,44] recalled the Eat Well @ IGA brand and 97%[95%CI:93,99] agreed that IGA should continue its efforts to encourage healthy eating. The 82 staff surveyed demonstrated very favourable intervention perceptions. Themes from 19 interviews included that business models favour sales of unhealthy foods, and that stakeholder collaboration was crucial to intervention design and implementation. Staff surveys and interviews highlighted the need to minimise staff time for project maintenance and to regularly refresh intervention materials to increase and maintain salience among customers.ConclusionsThis process evaluation found that interventions to promote healthy diets in supermarkets can be perceived as beneficial by retailers, customers, and government partners provided that barriers including staff time and intervention salience are addressed. Collaborative partnerships in intervention design and implementation, including retailers, governments, and academics, show potential for encouraging long-term sustainability of interventions.Trial registrationISRCTN, ISRCTN37395231 Registered 4 May 2017.

Tourist Behavior Predicts Reactions of Macaques (Macaca fascicularis and M. nemestrina) at Sepilok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Centre, Sabah, Malaysia

Conservationists continue to grapple with the practical risks that accompany ecotourism initiatives, where access to threatened ecosystems is exchanged for financial support for both protected areas and local communities. One of the most practical ways to mitigate the potentially harmful effects of an increasing number of visitors is to identify problematic human behaviors and attempt to limit them through education or staff intervention. We observed the behavior of both visitors and macaques in a hybrid group (Macaca fascicularis × M. nemestrina) at Sepilok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Center in Sabah, Malaysia over a period of 10 months to better understand patterns in tourist-directed aggression. We witnessed 307 encounters between macaques and tourists but intense aggression was absent. Overall rates of minor visitor-directed aggression were low, with only 0.71 bouts observed per hour. Eye contact between tourists and macaques was associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing minor human-directed aggression, such as an open mouth threat. Taking a picture, however, was associated with reduced odds of experiencing aggression from the macaques. Tourists were not able to provision the animals, which may help explain the lower rates of intense aggression compared to those at other tourist sites. Although improved education signs and staff supervision could further reduce visitor-directed aggression at Sepilok, these results are promising because they highlight the role that relatively simple policies (such as those that forbid provisioning by tourists) can play in reducing unwanted behavior by both humans and nonhuman primates at ecotourism locations.

Using RE-AIM to examine the potential public health impact of an integrated collaborative care intervention for weight and depression management in primary care: Results from the RAINBOW trial.

BackgroundAn integrated collaborative care intervention was used to treat primary care patients with comorbid obesity and depression in a randomized clinical trial. To increase wider uptake and dissemination, information is needed on translational potential.MethodsThe trial collected longitudinal, qualitative data at baseline, 6 months (end of intensive treatment), 12 months (end of maintenance treatment), and 24 months (end of follow-up). Semi-structured interviews (n = 142) were conducted with 54 out of 409 randomly selected trial participants and 37 other stakeholders, such as recruitment staff, intervention staff, and clinicians. Using a Framework Analysis approach, we examined themes across time and stakeholder groups according to the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework.ResultsAt baseline, participants and other stakeholders reported being skeptical of the collaborative care approach related to some RE-AIM dimensions. However, over time they indicated greater confidence regarding the potential for future public health impact. They also provided information on barriers and actionable information to enhance program reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance.ConclusionsRE-AIM provided a useful framework for understanding how to increase the impact of a collaborative and integrative approach for treating comorbid obesity and depression. It also demonstrates the utility of using the framework as a planning tool early in the evidence-generation pipeline.

Future scenarios and opportunities for interventional radiology in the post COVID-19 era.

Pandemic outbreak has led health systems worldwide into a rapid reorganization in response to coronavirus infections, forcing interventional radiology units to adapt. Interventional procedures have evolved in number, type and setting and have arguably been optimized as a direct consequence of this pandemic; a result that will undoubtedly lead to radical change within the specialty. This paper explores the future of interventional radiology from various perspectives, and forecasts the new opportunities that will be presented, from the adaptation of the interventional radiology staff and angiography suite, to the immunological environment, and through to digital medical education. We analyze the economic impact and the future relationship we can expect with the rest of the medical industry.

Burnout and Its Relationship With Depressive Symptoms in Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China.

ObjectiveThe large-scale epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered unprecedented physical and psychological stress on health professionals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of burnout syndrome, and the relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms among frontline medical staff during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.MethodsA total of 606 frontline medical staff were recruited from 133 cities in China using a cross-sectional survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to assess the level of burnout. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression (PHQ-9).ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, 36.5% of the medical staff experienced burnout. Personal and work-related factors were independently associated with burnout, including age (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52–0.89, p = 0.004), family income (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53–0.99, p = 0.045), having physical diseases (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.42–3.28, p < 0.001), daily working hours (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.77, p = 0.033), and profession of nurse (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.12–4.10, p = 0.022). The correlation coefficients between the scores of each burnout subscale and the scores of depressive symptoms were 0.57 for emotional exhaustion, 0.37 for cynicism, and −0.41 for professional efficacy (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the prevalence rate of burnout is extremely high among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is associated with other psychological disorders, such as depression. Psychological intervention for medical staff is urgently needed. Young and less experienced medical staff, especially nurses, should receive more attention when providing psychological assistance.

Open Science and Intervention Research: a Program Developer's and Researcher's Perspective on Issues and Concerns.

Open Science practices bear great promise for making research in general more reproducible and transparent, and these goals are very important for preventive intervention research. From my perspective as a program co-developer, I note potential concerns and issues of how open science practices can be used in intervention research. Key issues considered are in the realms of pre-registration (making pre-registration a living document; providing rewards for hypothesis-generating research, in addition to hypothesis-testing research), data archiving (resources for data archiving of large datasets; ethical issues related to need for strong de-identification), and research materials (intervention manuals and materials, and characteristics, training and supervision of intervention staff). The paper focuses on easier-to-address and considerably harder-to-address issues and concerns in these three areas.

Differences in School Staff Attitudes, Perceptions, Self-Efficacy Beliefs, and Intervention Likelihood by Form of Student Victimization

AbstractObjective: Staff intervention is critical for the prevention of peer victimization in school settings. However, the likelihood that staff will intervene may depend on the form of victimizat...

Mental health, well-being and support interventions for UK ambulance services staff: an evidence map, 2000 to 2020.

Background:Prior to COVID-19 there had been a renewed policy focus in the National Health Service on the health and well-being of the healthcare workforce, with the ambulance sector identified as a priority area. This focus is more important than ever as the sector deals with the acute and longer-term consequences of a pandemic.Aim:To systematically identify, summarise and map the evidence regarding mental health, well-being and support interventions for United Kingdom ambulance services staff and to identify evidence gaps.Method:Evidence mapping methodology of published and grey original research published in English from 1 January 2000 to 23 May 2020 describing the health risk, mental health and/or well-being of UK ambulance services staff including retired staff, volunteers and students. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and AMED databases, plus EThOS, Zetoc, OpenGrey and Google, were searched, alongside hand-searching of grey literature and bibliographies. Information was extracted on study aims, sample, design and methodology, funding source, country and key findings. Included studies were categorised into seven a priori theme areas.Results:Of 1862 identified articles, 45 peer-reviewed studies are included as well as 24 grey literature documents. Peer-reviewed research was largely observational and focused on prevalence studies, post-traumatic stress disorder or organisational and individual social factors related to health and well-being. Most grey literature reported the development and testing of interventions. Across all study types, underpinning theory was often not cited.Conclusion:To date, intervention research has largely been funded by charities and published in the grey literature. Few studies were identified on self-harm, bullying, sleep and fatigue or alcohol and substance use. Theoretically informed intervention development and testing, including adaptation of innovations from other countries and 24-hour workforces, is needed. This evidence map provides important context for planning of staff well-being provision and research as the sector responds to and recovers from the pandemic.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42018104659.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Translation into Action in K12 Education Settings

Movements toward trauma-informed approaches in K12 education settings represent a critical example of how research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been translated into policy and practice. The proliferation of attention to research on the impact of childhood trauma has increased awareness of the connections between student life experiences and educational outcomes. However, the overall body of research on the translation into K12 education settings is nascent, with the past decade of work characterized by focus on increasing school staff awareness and intervention specific to those students exhibiting trauma symptoms. Work is just beginning to translate this knowledge to a system approach, meaning integrating multiple intersecting components to trauma-informed care in school policies and practices across tiers of service delivery. In this article, we summarize ACE research with focus on manifestation in K12 education research and practice to date, and describe gaps that have emerged in this translation. Finally, directions for future school-based work are explored toward integration of trauma-informed care with whole child, culturally responsive, and healing-centered approach.

Adaptative vital signs monitoring system based on the early warning score approach in smart hospital context

AbstractChanges in vital signs are an important indicator of physiological decline and provide opportunities for early recognition and intervention. The collected vital signs data can be evaluated using several approaches such as the Early warning score (EWS) approach to predict the risk level of patients. By exploring the Internet of things (IoT), vital signs monitoring solutions are automated based on various medical devices and sensors. However, there is a lack of efficient tools that enable an adaptative monitoring depending on the patient situations. This article explores the IoT technologies to provide an EWS system in smart hospital situation. The proposed solution presents an adaptative configuration of the vital signs monitoring process depending on the patient’s health status variation and the medical staff decisions. Also, an intelligent notification mechanism that reduces the delay of the medical staff intervention in the case of risk detection is proposed.

Cluster randomised controlled feasibility study of HENRY: a community-based intervention aimed at reducing obesity rates in preschool children

BackgroundCommunity-based obesity prevention interventions are often commissioned despite the limited evidence base. HENRY (Health, Exercise, Nutrition for the Really Young) is a programme delivered to parents of preschool children across the UK. Early evidence suggests that it may be effective, but a robust evaluation has not been conducted. We initiated a systematic evaluation of HENRY by studying the feasibility of conducting a multi-centre definitive trial to evaluate its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to prevent obesity. Objectives were to assess the feasibility of recruiting local authorities, centres and parents; test processes and time required to train and certify intervention staff; explore HENRY commissioning processes; identify potential sources (and associated impact) of contamination; and consider the feasibility of trial procedures.MethodsWe conducted a multi-centre, open labelled, two group, prospective, cluster randomised, controlled, feasibility study, with embedded process evaluation and pre-defined criteria for progression to definitive trial. We sought to recruit 120 parents from 12 children’s centres, across two UK local authority (government) areas. Within each local authority, we planned to randomise three centres to HENRY and three to ‘standard care’ control. Our plan was to collect data in family homes at baseline and 12 months, including parent and child height and weight, and parent-reported questionnaires on self-efficacy, feeding, eating habits, quality of life and resource use. Contamination, implementation and study acceptability were explored using parent interviews.ResultsWe recruited two local authorities and 12 children’s centres within eight months. One hundred and seventeen parents were recruited (average 3.9 parents per programme) and follow-up data were collected from 85% of participants. Process data from 20 parents and 24 members of staff indicate that both would benefit from more detail about their involvement as participants, but that methods were acceptable. Contamination was likely, though the impact of this on behaviour was unclear.ConclusionOur findings indicate that a cluster RCT of HENRY to assess its effect on childhood obesity prevention is feasible. This study has allowed us to design a pragmatic definitive trial with minimal bias, taking account of lessons learnt from conducting evaluation research in public health settings.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03333733 registered 6th November 2017.

Tools and tactics for postdischarge medication management interventions.

To identify interventions for organizational pharmacist-leaders and frontline pharmacy staff to optimize peri- and postdischarge medication management. An evidence-based toolkit was systematically constructed on the basis of findings of 3 systematic overviews of systematic reviews. The interventions were reviewed by a technical expert panel and categorized as either tools or tactics. The identified tools are instruments such as diagrams, flow charts, lists, tables, and templates used in performing a distinct operation, whereas identified tactics reflect broader methods (eg, reduced dosing frequency). Tools and tactics were chosen on the basis of their potential to improve postdischarge medication management, with a focus on interventions led by pharmacy staff that may reduce hospital readmissions among older, sicker patients. Overall, 23 tools and 2 tactics were identified. The identified tools include items such as education, text messaging, and phone calls. The tactics identified are dose simplification and monetary incentives. Practical information has also been provided to facilitate implementation. Several tools and tactics are available to optimize peri- and postdischarge medication management. Organizational pharmacist-leaders and frontline pharmacy staff can implement these interventions to improve patient outcomes.