Intersubjective Space Research Articles

The Nature of Culture: Rites of Interaction Between Ukrainian Refugees and Latvian Society (2022)

The article deals with the challenge in migration studies to find a solution to the problem of how to analyse the rapidly emerging and increasing immigration of Ukraine war refugees, which started in 2022 in Latvia as well as in other European Union countries. This topic is important in migration studies to provide national and municipal decision-makers with a scientific perspective and rationale for informed decisions. In Latvia, the humanities, including philosophy, have not yet been used to understand migration processes, although they do supply a wider context, which is necessary to understand the culture, attitudes, values, and peculiarities of an immigration group. The task of integrating and including the immigrant group presupposes knowledge and recognition of its uniqueness, which is best researched with the methods of the humanities, and significantly complements the approaches of economics, sociology and human geography. Thus, the research presented in this article uses a wide range of social science research findings, ritual phenomenology, topological hermeneutics, and solutions from micro-group sociology as data sources to complement the understanding of migration as an object with a perspective that also includes human experience and the intersubjective space in which people meet to create community. The objective of the study is to explore the research hypothesis, based on previous studies and daily observations, that a new social reality is emerging that can be called the newly emerged community of Ukraine in Latvia. This means that communication and reciprocity between most of Latvian society and refugees from the Ukrainian war has been, and is being, established. The article analyses to what extent Latvian society was ready for the reception and inclusion of refugees from the Ukrainian war; how the inclusion of the concept of place can help to address the issue of the formation of new communities; how rituals reveal a new step towards the creation of communion on both sides of the newly formed community; and how rituals and interactivity interact in rituals involving micro-groups and micro-group forming rituals. Thus, factors affecting the genesis of the Ukraine in Latvia community were discovered in the analysis of the interactive rituals that confirm the existence of a social reality aimed at integration and inclusion. Thus, the study reveals the perspectives on the use of resources rooted in culture at the national and municipal levels.

Norwegian ECEC teachers’ play practices with children aged 2-3 years

ABSTRACT The present study investigated early childhood education and care (ECEC) teachers’ practices when they were engaged in play with children aged 2 to 3 years old. Both in a Norwegian context and internationally the number of younger children in ECEC is increasing, and there is a need for knowledge about what characterizes high-quality teacher practices at play. Eighteen Norwegian teachers were filmed interacting with small groups of two to five children (a total of 54 children, mean age 35 months; range 28–41). The video data (18 play situations; total = 4 hours) were transcribed and analyzed using the theoretical framework of intersubjective space, emphasizing the sematic, material, and social dimensions of the interactions between the teachers and children. The results revealed three main characteristics of teachers’ play practices: creating connections in play, expanding play, and regulating play. Although these characteristics were present in many observations, our analysis revealed variations between the teachers in terms of creating connections, expanding, and regulating. These variations can be decisive for play to continue, develop, or end. In addition, teachers’ practices appear to be crucial for some children to be included in play.

What Is it That Insists? Polaroids of a Night in Tunisia with Adrienne Harris

ABSTRACT Adrienne Harris´ “You Must Remember This” is a propeller to re-encounter the notion of “aprés coup,” a concept that continues to defy analysand’s and analyst’s archetypical constructions. Taking Harris’ invitation to stroll between Tangiers and Casablanca, this piece offers a voyage from the landscape of personal stories to the possibilities within relational clinic, using the savvy of music, film, literature, and philosophy, coalesced in a couple of psychic polaroids. The first polaroid frames the enigmatic presence and movement of memory, the issue of what is it that insists in session. The second, snapshots the bending movements of time and space in liminal experiences at inter-subjective spaces (session-treatment), which demands the analyst to go beyond its own “I” to maintain liminal spaces open for radical alterity to manifest. Finally, the author focuses on the notion of emptiness to create new paths, which may demand the analyst to disown its omnipotence.

Silent suasions: interpersonal mediation in Thai meditation

AbstractDiscourse is the typical modus operandi for persuasive practices, but silence also has an important role to play in many religious contexts. In this essay, I examine how silence works as a mechanism of persuasion in Thailand, where Buddhist logics of meditation permeate social life. Through a close analysis of a meditative retreat at Wat Pradhatu Sri Chom Thong Voravihan in Northern Thailand, I suggest three ways that silence comes to create its persuasive effects: it works in contrastive relation to speech; it is symbolic of moral personhood; and it points to interpersonal corporeal attunement. Attention to the corporeal aspect of silence is especially significant, I argue, because it is through the body that the practice in Thailand acts to alter intersubjective space. Such an approach to silence as disciplinary practice, rather than attention just to its supposed effects, allows us to see how religious forms of silent persuasion can be seen as a particularly powerful force for personal and political change.

The Growth of Desire in Intersubjective Space

ABSTRACT Contrasting the work of French child psychoanalyst Françoise Dolto with that of American Relational theorist Jessica Benjamin yields significant shared sensibilities, notably regarding what was in Dolto’s context a radical assertion of the small child as subject who needed to be considered as such, and the role of the parent’s relating and communications in nurturing both subjectivity and agentic desire. However, Benjamin’s writing makes clear not only that the parent’s subjectivity is central to the child’s affective experience, but the waysthe child’s subjectivity takes shape in response to the mix of attunement, rupture, acknowledgment and repair. This makes parenting both riskier and more intimate; children can experience recognition that is inherently mutual, but are also more vulnerable to parental failures of both responsiveness and self-regulation. Relational perspectives are also considered regarding conscious and unconscious parental transmissions as they influence the development of a child’s desire.

Logic as a Science of Patterns?

I propose that logic may be seen as a science of patterns—however, not in the sense in which mathematics is a science of patterns, but rather in the sense in which physics is. The proposal is that logic identifies, explores, and fixes the inferential patterns which de facto govern our argumentative practices. It can be seen, I argue, as picking up the patterns and working from them toward the state of reflective equilibrium, where the laws it aims at are explicitly articulated. Due to the normativity of logic, this process is not quite the same as that in which a natural science works its way from data to its laws; however, there is no reason why it should be seen as proceeding via a mysterious "a priori analysis.” Instead, it should proceed in the intersubjective space in which the sciences are practiced.

A infância e a adolescência na política de saúde mental: uma análise por meio dos conselheiros e conferências de saúde

Abstract This qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory documentary and field research aimed to analyze how children and adolescents are included in the formulation of public mental health policies. The document analysis database consisted of reports from Health Conferences (national, state, and municipal), minutes of meetings of the Health Council (national, state, and municipal), and memories of the Thematic Commission on Mental Health (state and municipal). Nine counselors or former health counselors participated in this study through an individual interview with a semi-structured script. Furthermore, the theoretical framework for the analysis of this research was based on the communicative action of Jürgen Habermas. The themes that emerged from the documentary research included the guidelines for intersectoral processes, as well as the expansion of beds for children and adolescents. In addition, the interviews indicated the lack of discussion on the subject, predominance of the punitive perspective, and need for a broader debate. The lack of intersubjective spaces for democratic listening compromises communicative action, resulting in the invisibility of children and adolescents in the policy formulation process and reduced opportunities for participation and social control.

Childhood and adolescence in mental health policy: an analysis through health counselors and conferences.

This qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory documentary and field research aimed to analyze how children and adolescents are included in the formulation of public mental health policies. The document analysis database consisted of reports from Health Conferences (national, state, and municipal), minutes of meetings of the Health Council (national, state, and municipal), and memories of the Thematic Commission on Mental Health (state and municipal). Nine counselors or former health counselors participated in this study through an individual interview with a semi-structured script. Furthermore, the theoretical framework for the analysis of this research was based on the communicative action of Jürgen Habermas. The themes that emerged from the documentary research included the guidelines for intersectoral processes, as well as the expansion of beds for children and adolescents. In addition, the interviews indicated the lack of discussion on the subject, predominance of the punitive perspective, and need for a broader debate. The lack of intersubjective spaces for democratic listening compromises communicative action, resulting in the invisibility of children and adolescents in the policy formulation process and reduced opportunities for participation and social control.

Evliya’s Song: Listening to the Early Modern Ottoman Court

Abstract This article discusses the relationship between music, sound, writing, and power in the early modern Ottoman Empire. It focuses on a description of a musical gathering at the court of Murad IV (r. 1623–40) in the Seyahatnâme (Book of travels), written by the courtier and musician Evliya Çelebi (1611–ca. 1685). The article draws on literature from historical anthropology, sound studies, and Ottoman cultural history to produce a multilayered reading that underscores the importance of music and other sonic practices in Ottoman courtly culture. Shifting between micro and macro perspectives, the article discusses the role of ceremonial music, Qur’anic recitation, the call to prayer, and patronage networks in the projection of imperial power. It then discusses the social implications of debates about the religious permissibility of music and the distinction between elites and commoners. Elite music-making is situated within a larger context of kin relations, patronage networks, and intimate male companionship. Themes of sensual pleasure, intoxication, and eroticism are discussed as poetic and philosophical tropes that are embodied in the intersubjective space of musical performance. Finally, the article highlights the role of textual practices in the construction of Ottoman music as a discursive formation. A situating of Evliya’s writing practices within the larger textual archive of Ottoman music raises methodological and epistemological questions about the relationship between aural experience and inscription, and about notions of historiographic and ethnographic truth. These questions are connected to current disciplinary debates about writing, sound, and power, particularly in the context of empire.

BARGAINING POWER, ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE, DECISION MAKING: CASE STUDY OF WOMEN INFORMAL WORKERS THROUGH PHILOSOPHER JOHN STUART MILL

The scope of this research is at the level of experience of women informal workers in Pasar Besar Palangka Raya. This experience speaks of bargaining power, empowerment in terms of decision-making, economic independence, body and future authorsity and freedom of expression. Nevertheless, the authors found the imprisonment of double burden in the lives of 3 research subjects. The purpose of this study is to show the extent to which the narrative leads them to live the values of equality through informal work. The research method used is qualitative research with interviews., then the authors recorded, transcribed, made a factual solid and then classified into themes that are close to this research. The results of the research through the experiences of women informal workers in Pasar Besar show that women are found to be empowered over assets, time and in decision-making. On the other hand, both empowerment and imprisonment of women's double burden make John Stuart Mill's philosophical lens dialogue in it when talking about marriage as friendship and not as property or slavery. Mill's intersubjective space becomes a buffer in the narrative of women's experiences of informal workers. In addition, the authors finds that gossiping as a negative stigma by society becomes erroneous when confronted with the daily life practices of women informal workers. Gossip/ngerumpi is able to make women's space a place of self-development, self-protection and self-promotion when women are hit by a flood of fatigue, boredom in terms of waiting for the arrival of buyers.

"You would think she would hug me": Micropractices of Care Between First-Generation College Students and Their Parents During Covid-19.

The Covid-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted the education of first-generation college students (first-gens)-those whose parents did not complete a college degree. With campuses closed, activities canceled, and support services curtailed, many first-gens have increasingly relied on their parents for mental, emotional, and logistical support. At the same time, their parents face compounding stresses and challenges stemming from the prolonged effects of the Covid pandemic. We examined the role that relational dynamics between first-gens and their parents played in how they weathered the first 2 years of the Covid pandemic together. We draw upon journals submitted by self-identified first-gens and parents of first-gens to the Pandemic Journaling Project between October 2021 and May 2022 as part of a pilot study of first-gen family experiences of Covid-19, along with a series of interviews conducted with three student-parent dyads. We argue that what we term the micropractices of care-the "little things," like a kind word, small gift, or car ride, that were regularly exchanged between parents and students-played a key role in mental wellness and educational persistence. We find that when there is synchrony between practices offered by one dyad member and their reception by the other, mental wellbeing is preserved. When there is asynchrony, mental health is destabilized. These findings reflect the strategies on which first-gen families have creatively relied to maintain shared mental wellness and student success during a time of crisis. We show how everyday mental wellness is forged in the intersubjective space between two people engaged in achieving shared life goals.

Restoring the links in countertransference

Psychoanalytic theory and practice consider both transference and countertransference as cornerstones for understanding those complicated psychological phenomena which psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy bring to light. The relationship between a patient and a psychoanalyst has been the crucial point on which our attention and interest is focused. In the intersubjective space of psychoanalytic psychotherapy, all interactions between the patient and the analyst are considered to mutually influence each participant of the analytic dyad. Together with patients, clinicians get involved in ambiguous, uncanny and unavoidable enactments. The understanding of the latter requires from a psychoanalyst not only to contain the patient's anxiety and reflect on the patient's inner feelings but also to stay open to the gamut of feelings, anxieties and conflicts that arise from the professional's experience. I suggest that accomplishing the complicated task of understanding both the patient`s and his own feelings and experience leads the analyst to the necessity of restoring links with himself. By means of clinical material, I make an attempt to show how the process of understanding an uncanny enactment becomes for the therapist a process of restoring the links in countertransference which, in turn, enables the therapist to interpret the patient's specific difficulties.

“Ma palun saatke mulle üks erakiri…” Intersubjektiivsus Jaan Saalvergi kirjades Jakob Hurdale

Letters are a means of communication with people who are far away. As such, letters are always intended to create intersubjective space common to the sender and receiver of the letter. The intersubjectivity can be created in different ways; for example, alluding to shared memories, using shared idioms or inserting direct addresses into the letters. Ideally the exchange of letters is symmetrical, but the reality tends to be nonideal – letters go missing, one partner is more passive and there can be a hierarchical relationship between the sender and the receiver. This asymmetricity, however, does not diminish the potential intersubjectivity of any particular letter. The article focuses on intersubjectivity in the letters sent by a farmer and folklore collector Jaan Saalverk (1874–1932) to Jakob Hurt. In 1888 Hurt started widespread folklore collecting campaigns; he published appeals in several newspapers and with the help of these hoped to build up a dense network of local collectors. The campaign lasted until Hurt’s death in 1907, and during this time about a thousand people stepped in. Saalverk participated in the campaign in 1896–1905 and he was one of the most prolific co-workers of Hurt from Jüri parish. As in most cases the organizers of the campaigns and the local collectors did not meet in person, the collecting campaigns can be considered as epistolary events – people who participated had to be able to use the postal system and know how to address other people in epistolary exchanges. In this article I do not cover everything that was sent by Saalverk to Hurt but, taking a narrower focus, study one special genre – the letters sent by him. Letters were not an obligatory part of collecting campaigns and there were collectors who never sent a letter to Hurt. However, most of the collectors wrote letters on several occasions. Some were added to collected materials and commented on them, some were sent in between collections; most of the letters dealt with collecting activity, but there were plenty of those that addressed other issues. The folklore collecting campaigns provide quite a special epistolary context. One aspect to be noted is social hierarchy – Hurt was a parson and had a university degree, while most of the collectors were farmers, that is, had considerably lower social standing. Besides, the communication took place on the borderline between private and public spheres – letters sent by collectors were private, but Hurt often quoted them in his public reports. This context of epistolary communication was marked by asymmetry – collectors always wrote more than Hurt. In his letters to Hurt, Saalverk touches upon several issues that can be found in the letters of other collectors as well. He writes about the importance of collecting for the nation and for himself, about his concerns over the value of his contribution and the prejudices that people from his area have towards folklore collecting. While he dwells on the importance of collecting, he seems to feel empowered by perceiving it as part of the modern world (opposed to drinking and fighting as non-modern ways to spend one’s free time); but considering the prejudices of local people he seems to be puzzled and not so confident anymore. A special trait of Saalverk’s letters is the devices he uses to create an intersubjective space between himself and Hurt. He does not use the most common device of folklore collectors – metaphorical language that Hurt employs in public texts about folklore collecting. Saalverk relies on direct addresses – in most of his letters, there is a plea for Hurt to send him a private letter and explain to him the importance of folklore collecting so that Saalverk could cite these ideas to refute the prejudices of local people. These pleas are connected to two different intersubjective spaces at once. On the one hand, they try to break the substantial asymmetry of the communication in this context, on the other hand Saalverk seems to hope that if he succeeds in creating real intersubjectivity between himself and Hurt, it would help him to solve problems he is having in the intersubjective space between himself and people around him.

Le Praecox Feeling : présentation historique du concept et aspects épistémologiques

ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to explore the multiple aspects of the « Praecox Feeling » as introduced and developed by the Dutch Psychiatrist H.C Rümke in 1941 and re-assessed over the following years by its peers. MethodsWe present a historical review of this subject from the first description to the most recent research and proposed related notions like typification processes and gut feeling. ResultsThe Praecox Feeling, as presented by Rümke, may be considered as the most sensible tool in order to diagnose schizophrenia. This phenomenon appears in the in-between of the clinical encounter (i.e. the intersubjective space). It may be felt by the clinician as an experience of bizarreness during the interaction with a patient suffering from schizophrenia. Those feelings suggest fundamental aspects of schizophrenia that can be recognized as a peculiar form of embodiment. Rümke finally concludes that schizophrenia is not diagnosed by strictly examining patients’ symptoms, but psychiatrists’ own feelings. The recognition of such feelings remains hard to describe explicitly, since it takes place in a very basic (« pre reflexive ») state. However, numbers of researchers tried to explore praecox feeling more accurately. A phenomenological approach, with Minkowski, Binswanger or Tellenbach among others, developed several related terms: “Diagnostic by intuition”, “Diagnostic by penetration” or “Atmospheric diagnosis”. Although the precocity of the diagnosis is mentioned in Rümke's original paper, it does not precisely define the Praecox Feeling, contributing to the misunderstanding of the Rümke's original formulation. The very notion of Praecox Feeling in terms of psychiatric diagnoses fell into disuse with the development and the widespread diffusion of criteriological approaches, with the risk of an impoverishment of the clinical diagnosis. However, the study of specific subjective perspectives showed a renewed interest over the last decade, especially with the contribution of cognitive and social neurosciences. Furthermore, studies on psychiatrists’ daily-practice suggest that the Praecox Feeling is still relevant. Moreover, “the subjective tool” represented by the Praecox Feeling remains as used today as it was fifty years ago, in a pre-DSM III era. Temporal aspects have, nevertheless, lead to several studies suggesting that many clinical indices are identified during the first minutes of a clinical interview, especially for schizophrenia. In order to specify this very intuitive pathway, authors developed and worked on the typifications processes that lead to such feelings, involving diagnosis through prototypes. The passive synthesis of such subtle clinical clues may induce for the clinician a “pattern recognition” phenomenon that reminds a “gestaltic” diagnosis. This specific aspect of typification may not be specific of psychiatry. The “Guts Feeling” is a notion first developed by Dutchs physicians, particularly in General medicine but also among other medicals disciplines, theoretically very close from the notion of intuitive typification. It may allow benefits in term of diagnoses, reassurance or alarm sense. It suggests that clinical experience added to criteriology provides risks reductions. The crucial role of clinical experience in the diagnosis decision making tends to be underexplored, but still represents a crucial aspect of the evidence-based medicine as firstly described.

:Estranging the Novel: Poland, Ireland, and Theories of World Literature

Charles Maturin’s Melmoth the Wanderer (1820) and Jan Potocki’s Rękopis znaleziony w Saragossie (The Manuscript Found in Saragossa) (1804–47) are an inspired pairing. Both works “solicit belief in the unreal” and trouble the moral claims made for fiction (38). Showing how Maturin’s paratext deliberately muddies the relationship between the real and the fictional by emphasizing the plausibility of its bizarre occurrences, the chapter uncovers an uneasy and surprising strain of truthfulness in the Gothic novel. These narratives exemplify the persistent appeal of literary “wonder,” thus complicating the “rise” of the realist novel, but they also allow Bartoszyńska to reframe the scope of the nineteenth-century novel.3 Mapping the profusion of baroque tales of exotic travel, supernatural powers, superstition, religious alterity, love, and desire, the discussion reveals the nineteenth-century novel not as costively national, but as unnervingly global. These novels assemble mysterious narratives to produce “the image of a vast, interconnected realm, an intersubjective space that is co-created by the various people within it” (44). This, she argues, is an instance of what Alexander Beecroft calls entrelacement, a formal corollary of the “paranoiac interconnectedness of life in a globalized era.”4 The Gothic approach to fictionality is strikingly modern.

КОММУНИКАТИВНО-АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД В РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ МУЗЫКАЛЬНО-ТЕАТРАЛЬНОГО ТВОРЧЕСТВА

The object of research — musical theatricalization, acting as a genre class, which has stable and mobile genre features (the axial are musical and theatrical beginning, the synthesis of which may appear in different forms, changing the ratio of musical and theatrical means of expression); subject — communicative-axiological aspects of the implementation of musical and theatrical creativity; purpose — development of communicative-axiological approach to the study of musical theatricalization. Methodological approaches used in the study: conceptual, systematic, integrated. Scientific novelty is due to the introduction of an original methodology, allowing a new approach to the study of the phenomena of musical theatricalization, both past and present. Communicative-axiological approach is based on the conjugation of the concepts of communicative and axiological approaches in the same research field. The totality of research methods leads to the study of certain communicative situations in which, as a result of the interaction of communicants in the aesthetic and socio-cultural space there is a transfer of information from one subject to another and the field of different values, due to social, professional and personal factors is formed. Communicative-axiological approach implies a comprehensive study of the phenomena of creative activity, focused on identifying aesthetic and anthropological value. The approach unfolds within the receptive dialogic paradigm, according to which in the process of realization of musical theatricalization there is perception of the figurative plan of events of a specific situation and simultaneously processing and translation of the already updated content. In this way, «effective experience» is carried out and initially subjective meanings penetrate into intersubjective space, thereby determining the process of formation of the value orientations of the individual.

Erosion of the ‘ethical’ doctor-patient relationship and the rise of physician burn-out

This paper examines the topic of physician burn-out from a philosophical lens. We explore the question of how the rise of physician burn-out may be related to an underlying erosion...

Philosophical underpinnings of intersubjectivity and its significance to phenomenological research: A discussion paper.

Intersubjectivity is the proposition that human experience occurs in a world of shared and embodied understandings, mediated by culture and language. Nursing is fundamentally relational, and nursing research stems from an exchange between participants and researchers and indeed around the transaction of the patient and the nurse in the intersubjective space of clinical settings. Through the philosophical standpoints of Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger, and Gadamer we examine these differing philosophical constructs of intersubjectivity and the contribution of these positions to phenomenological nursing inquiry. Particular framings of intersubjectivity should influence the way researchers interact with their participants and data so that the chosen philosophy sits coherently within a research plan and methodology. This exploration of philosophical standpoints is extended through examples of, and reflections upon, the authors' experiences of intersubjectivity in our published phenomenological nursing studies and through dynamic interactions that characterise interpretive activities within a research team.

Donna Orange: Sistemas intersubjetivos, Filosofía y Ética

In this paper we examine Donna Orange's contribution to ethics within the psychoanalytic clinic, from the perspective of the theory of intersubjective systems and the critique of the Cartesian isolated mind. Above all, she says we must place a radically asymmetrical relationship, of infinite responsibility to the other person. The ethical approach proposed by Orange derives from the ideas of Emmanuel Levinas, regarding the curvature of the intersubjective space and the total asymmetry before the face of the other, which we cannot take as an object of knowledge, and, later, that of the Danish philosopher, Knud Ejler Løgstrup, also a huge defender of that asymmetry: a person is a debtor because he or she exists and has received his life as a gift. We criticize this absolutism of moral obligation that is based on “debt”, concept very close to “guilt”, and not from “joy”. We criticize this proposed absolutism of the moral obligation that is based on "debt", close to "fault", and not from joy, and which poses what we consider a moral egocentrism. Ultimately, who is the subject of the moral mandate?

Personality lives in the intersubjective space between people: Comment on Miskewicz et al. (2022).

Comments on the original article by Miskewicz et al. (see record 2021-98114-001) regarding personality traits and personality processes. The authors want to be clear that they are not advocating for the retention of a categorical diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Rather, they are advocating for the possibility that the BPD construct, all along, has captured an essential and core "process" associated with personality pathology that has to do with how an individual manages the self in relation to others. Here, they urge Miskewicz et al. (2022) along with others (Fleeson et al., 2019; Hopwood, 2018) to go beyond redescription of traits-that is, defining the core process of personality pathology through a simple stimulus-response (trigger-symptom) lens. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).