Intersection Representation Research Articles

Non-orthogonal unicast and multicast transmission with IRS-assisted Rate-Splitting Multiple Access in multiuser MISO systems

Abstract. In MISO systems, novel communication technologies such as NOMA and multicast transmission have attracted widespread attention to meet the diverse needs of users. However, traditional NOMA and multicast transmission schemes have certain limitations in dynamic interference management and resource allocation. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a RSMA scheme assisted by phase quantized Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) for downlink MISO systems with nonorthogonal transmission of unicast and multicast signals. In this scheme, through reconfiguring unicast and multicast signals and combining them into a super-common stream and partial unicast messages, RSMA achieves dynamic interference management of multi-user while effectively separating unicast and multicast streams. To maximize the weighted sum rate(WSR), we put forward an alternating optimization(AO) algorithm that utilizes Weighted Minimum Mean Square Error (WMMSE) estimation and convex set intersection representation, which jointly optimizes the equivalent beamforming matrix,rate allocation and phase shift matrix. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed single-layer RSMA exhibits performance closer to that of DPC encoding compared to traditional NOMA and MULP schemes. Furthermore, we extensively investigate the relationship between the WSR of RSMA and system parameters, providing important guidance for practical engineering applications.

Streaming Diversité: Exploring representations within French-language scripted series on Canadian SVOD services.

Canadian subscription-video-on-demand (SVOD) services have commissioned French-language 'original' content to attract local audiences. ICI TOU.TV, Club Illico and Crave have indeed commissioned more than a hundred French-language scripted series, mostly produced in the Quebec province. However, the current state of research only marginally documents these services. Even in Canada, most research focus on US-owned streaming giants such as Netflix and Amazon, thus providing little information on Canadian national SVOD services, and their affordances in terms of storytelling and representation. Current research also completely overlooks French-language original content. This paper therefore discusses the results of the very first research project to specifically focus on the production of original French-language series for Canadian streaming services. After reviewing all original (scripted and unscripted) French-language content available on Canadian-owned SVOD services, a textual analysis of more than 40 scripted series has been conducted, which led to intricate insights regarding prevailing narrative trends and characteristics of main and secondary characters. In so doing, the objective was also to determine the level of diversity included within this so-called original content. In a context characterized by an unprecedented proliferation of scripted series, it indeed becomes crucial to ascertain whether a greater quantity of productions necessarily leads to a greater diversity in representation, that is, the inclusion of a 'multiplicity of forms', and an equitable plurality of cultural expressions and identities. This research produced several findings that testify to a significant inclusion of sexual, gender, and racial diversity, as well as a noticeable trend towards intersectional representation. Yet, the analysis also led to identify persistent issues, such as the qualitative marginalization of non-normative characters (queer, BIPOC, with disability, etc.), as they mostly are relegated to supporting roles. These findings therefore call for a nuanced assessment of the 'progress' in representation on streaming services.

Intersec2vec-TSC: Intersection Representation Learning for Large-Scale Traffic Signal Control

Intersec2vec-TSC: Intersection Representation Learning for Large-Scale Traffic Signal Control

Gendered experiences in professional military education: Implications for diversity, equity, and inclusion

AbstractThis multi‐year, cross‐sectional qualitative study investigates gendered experiences of students and faculty at one master's degree‐granting military education institution in the United States. Findings from a grounded theory exploration into institutional climate using focus groups and classroom observations include themes of underrepresentation, tokenization, and dismissal during class conversations, and mischaracterization of diversity of thought. The studied institution responded to these findings by adopting a new gender‐blind class assignment process for students. The authors examined the resultant changes in the learning environment with regards to gender representation in classrooms that had zero, one, two, or three women. A next round of findings reflects students' conformance to gender norms, the prevalence of gatekeeping in class discussion, and the creation of affinity groups as a coping mechanism for underrepresented students. Findings also indicate the burden of intersectional representation falls disproportionately on women students; 73% of women students reflected two or more underrepresented‐group identities compared to just 7% of men students. Encompassing 114 h of classroom observations and 47 interviews with faculty and students, this research represents a rigorous and unprecedented cross‐sectional empirical inquiry into gendered experiences of a master's degree‐granting professional learning environment and has implications for scholars and practitioners working in male‐dominated organizations.

Recognizing geometric intersection graphs stabbed by a line

In this paper, we determine the computational complexity of recognizing two graph classes, groundedL-graphs and stabbable grid intersection graphs. An L-shape is made by joining the bottom end-point of a vertical (|) segment to the left end-point of a horizontal (−) segment. The top end-point of the vertical segment is known as the anchor of the L-shape. Grounded L-graphs are the intersection graphs of L-shapes such that all the L-shapes' anchors lie on the same horizontal line. We show that recognizing grounded L-graphs is NP-complete. This answers an open question asked by Jelínek & Töpfer (Electron. J. Comb., 2019).Grid intersection graphs are the intersection graphs of axis-parallel line segments in which two vertical (similarly, two horizontal) segments cannot intersect. We say that a (not necessarily axis-parallel) straight line ℓ stabs a segment s, if s intersects ℓ. A graph G is a stabbable grid intersection graph (▪) if there is a grid intersection representation of G in which the same line stabs all its segments. We show that recognizing ▪ graphs is NP-complete, even on a restricted class of graphs. This answers an open question asked by Chaplick et al. (Order, 2018).

Framing the Intersectional Representation of the Landless Workers’ Movement on Instagram

Framing the Intersectional Representation of the Landless Workers’ Movement on Instagram

Classes of intersection digraphs with good algorithmic properties

AbstractWhile intersection graphs play a central role in the algorithmic analysis of hard problems on undirected graphs, the role of intersection digraphs in algorithms is much less understood. We present several contributions towards a better understanding of the algorithmic treatment of intersection digraphs. First, we introduce natural classes of intersection digraphs that generalize several classes studied in the literature. Second, we define the directed locally checkable vertex (DLCV) problems, which capture many well‐studied problems on digraphs, such as (Independent) Dominating Set, Kernel, and ‐Homomorphism. Third, we give a new width measure of digraphs, bi‐mim‐width, and show that the DLCV problems are polynomial‐time solvable when we are provided a decomposition of small bi‐mim‐width. Fourth, we show that several classes of intersection digraphs have bounded bi‐mim‐width, implying that we can solve all DLCV problems on these classes in polynomial time given an intersection representation of the input digraph. We identify reflexivity as a useful condition to obtain intersection digraph classes of bounded bi‐mim‐width, and therefore to obtain positive algorithmic results.

What is needed for eating disorder prevention for transgender and gender diverse young adults? Findings from asynchronous online focus groups

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) young adults face higher risk of eating disorder (ED) symptoms than cisgender peers. Evidence-based ED prevention programs exist but must be adapted to meet the needs of diverse TGD populations. We conducted eight asynchronous online focus groups in 2019 with 66 ethnically and gender diverse TGD young adults (18–30 years) living in the United States. Participants were recruited online; groups took place over four consecutive days. We conducted inductive thematic analysis of participant responses to three prompts about ED prevention needs and advice for program developers. Findings fell into three domains. In Domain 1: Developing Program Content, themes included (1.1) need to address multiple dimensions of gender; (1.2) intersectional representation matters; (1.3) limitations of ED research; (1.4) being responsive to trauma. Domain 2: Program Delivery Considerations, included preferences for (2.1) group composition, (2.2) intervention modality, and (2.3) program leadership. Domain 3: Cultivating Affirming Spaces included themes addressing the need for programs to (3.1) create judgment-free environments and (3.2) center lived experience. TGD young adults in this study described a range of needs and recommendations for ED prevention content and delivery, with relevance to clinicians, program designers, and ED prevention advocates.

The Girl in the Hijab

The image of a young girl wearing a hijab can be seen to be an iconic representation of the complex intersection between feminism on the one hand, and religion and culture on the other. While the hijab is a visible marker of traditional gender norms in some Islamic communities, many modern Muslim women and girls have reclaimed it as a symbol of faith, identity, and choice. In keeping with contemporary feminist dialogue, we seek to understand and respect these nuanced perspectives.

(Post-)Modernism and Cyborg Writing in George Egerton’s “The Regeneration of Two” (1894)

(Post-)Modernism and Cyborg Writing in George Egerton’s “The Regeneration of Two” (1894)

ANOCRITICISM: THEORIZING AND DISCOVERING INTERSECTIONS OF AGE AND GENDER

Abstract This paper presents historical research on the theoretical foundations and application of ‘anocriticism’ as a method to trace portrayals of female aging in American literary texts to understand what it means to be “aged by culture” (Gullette 2004). Originally developed in the 1990s in context of American Studies as an analytical framework for the analysis of cultural representations of intersections of age and gender in literature, anocriticism brings together the feminist tradition of Elaine Showalter’s (1985) “gynocriticism” – a study of women writers and of the history, styles, themes, genres and structures of writing by women – through analysis of narratives and Germaine Greer’s (1992) use of “anophobia” (from Latin “anus” for “old woman”) to describe the fear of old women. The paper presents examples of anocriticism in practice in age studies and gerontology and highlights its potential for future multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary application.

#RepresentationMatters on TV: a critical textual analysis of intersectional representation at work on NBC’s Superstore

ABSTRACT Television often depicts narratives reinforcing whiteness, cisheteronormativity, classism, and masculinity, particularly in organizations. This essay joins calls for #RepresentationMatters and feminist media scholarship on intersectional representation of difference at work. We analyze NBC’s Superstore, whose characters receive media praise for diverse representations of retail work while simultaneously depicting problematic portrayals. Our critical textual analysis reveals three themes of intersectional representation: (1) meta-representation of difference, (2) silencing intersectional voices, and (3) managing intersectional identities. We theorize difference at work on TV and invite future scholarship.

Intersectional representation in online media discourse: reflecting anti-discrimination position in reporting on same-sex partnerships

The theory of intersectionality has been broadly used in various research but we notice a persistent gap in reflecting its application to media analysis. In our study, we focus on the concept of “representational intersectionality” which Kimberlé Crenshaw uses to illustrate the dynamics between different discourses. Taking the example of online media reporting on same-sex partnerships in Slovenia, we analyze how power relations are reinforced when one type of media discourse fails to acknowledge the importance of other discourses. Our media discourse analysis based on Norman Fairclough demonstrates that the discourses that advocated equality between heterosexual and same-sex couples in Slovenia did not recognize the importance of specifying the different contexts of social exclusion of same-sex couples and that this non-recognition weakened their power and strengthened the discourses directed against them. The main contribution of our study is to show how the theory of intersectionality, focusing on representation and social location, can be useful within critical discourse analysis, specifically to reflect the anti-discrimination position in media reporting.

Brand approaches to diversity: a typology and research agenda

PurposeDespite increased emphasis on diversity marketing, much remains unknown about how brands should approach diversity. This paper aims to understand what constitutes a brand’s approach to diversity (BATD), establish a categorisation of such approaches, outline the effects on audience connectedness and establish a future research agenda.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper draws on critical theory and practical exemplars to present a conceptualisation of BATD.FindingsUsing two determinants, depth of diversity integration and order of entry, it is possible to categorise BATD into four types: transformative, adaptive, passive and performative. Early adoption and greater depth of diversity approaches (i.e. multidimensional to an intersectional representation of identities) provide optimal opportunities for evoking connectedness.Research limitations/implicationsThe conceptual typological framework for BATD helps delineate how varying levels of diversity depth and order of entry influence audience connectedness. A detailed agenda for further research can guide ongoing diversity research.Practical implicationsCreating a typology reduces complexity and helps marketers recognise the differing components, manifestations and effects of their diversity approach. To increase connectedness and reduce audience scepticism, marketers must seek deeper-level diversity integrations and adopt approaches earlier.Originality/valueThis study offers a novel conceptualisation of BATD by defining it, distinguishing it from related research themes and moving beyond single diversity dimensions and marketing mix elements. Further, audience connectedness is positioned as a critical consequence as it can instigate desirable brand outcomes, benefit those identities represented and promote a more inclusive society.

Building Neurodiversity-Inclusive Postsecondary Campuses: Recommendations for Leaders in Higher Education.

Building Neurodiversity-Inclusive Postsecondary Campuses: Recommendations for Leaders in Higher Education.

Brief Research Report: "Nothing About Us, Without Us": A Case Study of the Outer Sanctum Podcast and Trends in Australian Independent Media to Drive Intersectional Representation.

Alternative and independent sports media platforms create custom content that reflects a diversity of voices and representation of athletes, sports and issues that are not covered in meaningful ways in traditional sports media. While these new media outlets often set out to redress the lack of diversity and intersectional approaches to traditional sports media, they are also seeking ways to drive even more change. This in an interesting and important movement to interrogate as these platforms are not only predominantly unfunded, passion projects created by those marginalized groups. This brief research report provides a case study into this emerging alternative media space and its impact in driving change in an ever-evolving sports media landscape. We also discuss the problematic nature of intersectional-redressing work falling on those who still occupy the margins. This report uses a case study of an independent Australian rules football platform, The Outer Sanctum podcast, to focus on these key areas. The case study investigates how this outlet has worked to increase the visibility and profile of marginalized and underrepresented voices discussing football in new ways. It follows their journey as they have taken steps to improve their own diversity, enacting their mantra “nothing about us, without us,” and proactively becoming more intersectional in their content producing journey. This research report will present key findings from the work of this media outlet to drive change and point to the learnings mainstream media can adopt to meaningfully embed intersectional approaches to sports media as core business.

Death in DC

The local political implication of Black maternal mortality raises questions about the extent to which city leaders, especially Black females, can influence policies to improve outcomes for Black expectant mothers. The case of Mayor Muriel Bowser, the second Black female mayor of Washington, DC, is examined to demonstrate the connection between intersectional identities and substantive representation through an examination of how she has attempted to reduce Black maternal mortality in the district. Data including press releases from her office, newsletters, accountability reports, and budget proposals are assessed. Other data including news reports from nonprofit organizations as well as local media are examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of how stakeholders in the community have reacted to actions taken by the Bowser administration. Currently serving her second term as mayor, Bowser has pursued actions that attempted to reduce this racial health disparity. Solutions pursued by Mayor Bowser have ranged from symbolic proclamations to substantive legislation as well as programs created through executive agencies as part of her administration. It is also worth noting that some of her actions appear to be in response to legislation approved by the city council. Bowser’s racial/ethnic, gender, and partisan identities strongly align with the actions she and her administration have taken to address Black maternal mortality in Washington, DC.

Do Quotas In Two Dimensions Improve Social Equality? Intersectional Representation & Group Relations

Do Quotas In Two Dimensions Improve Social Equality? Intersectional Representation & Group Relations

Computing maximum independent set on outerstring graphs and their relatives

A graph G with n vertices is called an outerstring graph if it has an intersection representation with a set of n curves inside a disk such that one endpoint of every curve is attached to the boundary of the disk. Given an outerstring graph representation of G with s segments, a Maximum Independent Set (MIS) of G can be computed in O(s3) time (Keil et al. (2017) [22]).We examine the fine-grained complexity of the MIS problem on some well-known outerstring representations (e.g., line segments, L-shapes, etc.), where the strings are of constant size. We show that computing MIS on grounded segment and grounded square-L representations is at least as hard as computing MIS on circle graph representations. Note that no O(n2−δ)-time algorithm, δ>0, is known for computing MIS on circle graphs. For the grounded string representations, where the strings are y-monotone simple polygonal paths of constant length with segments at integral coordinates, we solve MIS in O(n2) time and show this to be the best possible under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis. For the intersection graph of nL-shapes in the plane, we give a (4⋅log⁡OPT)-approximation algorithm for MIS (where OPT denotes the size of an optimal solution), improving the previously best-known (4⋅log⁡n)-approximation algorithm of Biedl and Derka (WADS 2017).

Intersectional Representation Between Gender, Religion, and Nationality

Immigrants who came to Europe in recent decades (work immigrants and/or refugees) grapple with intersectional identities, such as religion, nationality and gender, yet current political research addresses these issues only in part. To address these omissions, I conducted a content analysis of all parliamentary questions Muslim representatives raised in their parliamentary activities in three Western countries. I also investigated whether the representatives' invisibility pertains only to their descriptive representation or whether it affects their substantive representation by analyzing five research hypotheses for differences in the content of the parliamentary questions. I found that male and female Muslim representatives ask parliamentary questions about Muslim men and women. In addition, I developed an Intersectional Representation Index to measure and demonstrate the complexities Muslim representatives face in Western countries. The index shows that such representatives have several identities, some of which have become invisible, as previous studies indicated.