Intersection Of Multiple Identities Research Articles

An intersectional perspective on the sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing the status of not in Education, Employment, or training (NEET) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).

High rates of Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) are seen in people with first episode of psychosis (FEP). Sociodemographic and clinical factors were reported to be associated with NEET status in FEP patients. This study follows Intersectionality to examine the independent and additive effects, and most importantly the intersections of sociodemographic and clinical variables concerning NEET status in FEP patients. It was hypothesized that NEET status in FEP patients would be described by the intersection between at least two predictor variables. Secondary analyses with chi-square tests, multiple logistic regression and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analyses were performed on 440 participants with FEP. Chi-square tests indicated that patient socioeconomic status and negative symptom severity were significantly and independently associated with their NEET status. Multiple logistic regression suggested additive effects of age (odds ratio = 1.61), patient socioeconomic status (odds ratio = 1.55) and negative symptom severity (odds ratio = 1.75) in predicting patients' NEET status. CHAID detected an intersection between patients' negative symptom severity and socioeconomic status in shaping their NEET status. This study explored how the NEET status of patients with FEP was explained not only by the separate effects of negative symptom severity and socioeconomic status but also by the unique intersections of their clinical and social identities. Findings indicated that functional outcomes of patients appear co-constructed by the intersections of multiple identities. Crucial clinical implications of complementing care for negative symptom severity with vocational resources to improve functional outcomes of patients are discussed.

Gender and Other Inequalities in Secondary Education in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone: Exploring the Experiences and Outcomes of Girls in Schools

This study extends limited research on understanding gender and education in post-conflict contexts. The study goes beyond the descriptive analysis of equality in terms of numbers but rather focuses on the gendered processes and conditions of learning (i.e., The content of what girls learn and how they learn). It gives an account of how schooling experiences produce and reproduce inequalities in secondary education. This critical analysis utilizes the intersectionality framework to illustrate how the intersection of multiple identities such as gender, social class, sexuality, culture, and location influences girls' learning experiences and outcomes in secondary school in post-conflict Sierra Leone. I particularly draw on girls’ explanations of these issues as they negotiate and are affected by them. Therefore, a detailed qualitative ethnographic study was conducted in a secondary school from the south region of Sierra Leone to explore gendered experiences and their intersecting inequalities in everyday schooling. This is to understand the gendered institutional life of the school and as far as possible do this through the voices and perspectives of those within the school, especially the girls. What this research does is to broaden the in-school research knowledge by focusing on investigating the gendered process of learning, everyday formal and informal in-school interactions, cultures and practices and the intersection of gender with other social identities like sexuality, Socioeconomic status (SES), Location and Traditions. I also tracked how these new directions of knowledge influence girls' performance, retention, and attainment. This study adopted a qualitative research method using an ethnographic approach to examine the pupils’ and teachers' detailed secondary schooling experiences. This was achieved by using in-depth interviews to explore students’ individual personal experiences of secondary schooling. The studied participants were purposively selected based on the established parameters for this study. The findings of this study revealed a highly gendered school environment, and that the intersection of multiple identities, such as gender, social class, sexuality, culture, and location, exacerbates inequalities in secondary education and influences girls' learning experiences. Additionally, the study highlighted the impact of societal factors, such as early marriage and teenage pregnancy, on girls' educational outcomes, especially in a post-conflict context like Sierra Leone.

Toward understanding developmental complexities of religiously minoritized youth

Fluid socio-cultural ecologies that reflect historical events and their actors have led to particular religious groups being promoted or persecuted. This article explores how religiously minoritized youth are identified considering local and global contexts. I apply a phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST) to understanding regularities and variations in development through a person-centered, relational, holistic lens that considers the intersection of multiple identities. Relatedly, I outline broad conceptual tools that center on how orientations to in-group vs out-group religious and intersecting identities and related experiences align with a range of research methods to reflect such complexity. I suggest ways to study religious and spiritual influences of religiously minoritized youth that are specific to the faith tradition and particular youth’s circumstances in a holistic manner when these issues are a focal area of study, and when they emerge as relevant to other inquiries. Finally, I consider how understanding religiously minoritized youth, their peers, and mentors can be applied to educational, health care, and community settings to inform equitable practice and policy.

EXPLORING INTERSECTIONALITY IN SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCES DURING DISEASE OF OLDER ADULTS AND CAREGIVERS

Abstract Spirituality is known to be an important contributor to older adults’ and caregivers’ psychological and physical well-being. Despite this significance, their spiritual aspects are often overlooked within the context of treating and managing disease. Moreover, limited evidence exists regarding what specific intersectional identities of older adults and caregivers have the potential to cause disparities in their spiritual well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which intersectionality has been considered within the literature concerning factors associated with the spiritual aspects (defined as spiritual needs, spiritual support, and spiritual well-being) of older adults and their caregivers. Consequently, a five-stage integrative review was conducted using the protocol proposed by Whittemore and Knafl. This process yielded a total of 543 articles identified in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science in March 2023. Following the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 18 articles were selected for data extraction. Finally, four themes related to intersectional considerations were found: 1) The potential role of intersecting multiple identities in differences in spiritual experiences; 2) Older adults and caregivers, the pre-existing identities, that intensify the likelihood of intersectionality leading to disparities in spiritual experiences; 3) The importance of spiritual perspective in addressing challenges derived from the intersections of multiple identities; 4) Recommendations for professionals to consider potential intersectional factors in research and clinical contexts to improve inclusiveness. Findings highlight the necessity of adopting an intersectional lens within both research and clinical domains to prevent overlooking any resulting variations in spiritual experiences.

Redefining global cardiac surgery through an intersectionality lens

Although cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, six billion people lack access to safe, timely and affordable cardiac surgical care when needed. The burden of...

English Learner as an Intersectional Identity

ABSTRACT English learners’ (ELs’) opportunity gap in U.S. K–12 schools is well known. While many of us in the field of applied linguistics are committed to achieving greater parity for ELs, the field as a whole has a propensity to approach this opportunity gap by addressing ELs’ linguistic needs. This response, however, is siloed in nature, resulting in tunnel vision that reduces ELs into a single identity—that is, language learners—when in fact they are also at the intersection of multiple identities, such as students of color, low-income students, and students with disabilities. By applying an intersectionality lens to three examples from research and practice to illustrate how ELs’ intersectional identities create inequalities beyond language barriers, we urge those in the field of applied linguistics to collaborate with educators, policymakers, and researchers in other fields to address the linguistic and nonlinguistic barriers that ELs face in their educational journey.

The Relationship Between Intersectional Oppression and Affirmation and Latino Sexual Minority Men's Mental Health.

Purpose: Latino sexual minority men (LSMM) may experience oppression based on their ethnicity, sexual orientation, and migratory status, yet scientific literature is only beginning to explore the intersection of these experiences. This study examined mental health (MH) in relation to LSMM's experiences of intersectional oppression and affirmation. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from a cohort study examining LSMM's (n = 290) health care engagement in Miami, FL, from February to September 2020. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified classes based on self-reported multiple identity discrimination (e.g., race, ethnicity, and skin color), sexual orientation stigma/affirmation, and migration-related stress. Logistic and linear regressions examined associations between class membership and anxious, depressive, post-traumatic stress, somatic symptoms, and overall MH burden. Results: The LCA revealed a three-class solution: (1) affirmed LSMM (73.8%), (2) LSMM with intersectional oppression (21.7%), and (3) LSMM with immigration stress (4.5%). The three classes varied in terms of multiple identity discrimination, sexual orientation stigma/affirmation, and migration-related stress. Compared with Class 1, Class 2 had greater conditional probabilities of reporting clinically significant depressive (p = 0.033) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (p = 0.031), and at least one MH concern (p = 0.018). Greater depressive symptoms (p = 0.007), post-traumatic stress symptoms (p = 0.049), somatic symptoms (p = 0.024), and clinically significant MH concerns (p = 0.018) were found among Class 2 than among Class 1. Conclusion: Findings identified three groups of LSMM based on their experiences of intersectional oppression and affirmation. Discrimination at the intersection of multiple identities, sexual orientation stigma/affirmation, and migration-related stress were associated with LSMM's MH outcomes, particularly among immigrants.

Iranian women, e-learning, and experience of motherhood in the age of COVID-19: An analysis of mothers’ lived experience of their children's e-learning

The present study aimed to explore the lived experience of Iranian mothers about the process of e-learning for their children by way of a qualitative approach and phenomenological study. Semi-structured telephone interviews were held with 28 mothers residing in Tehran (the capital of Iran) in the second half of 2021. Maximum variation sampling was carried out to recruit a variety of interviewees, and theoretical sampling was performed to reach conceptual saturation. The interview data were encoded by thematic analysis. The themes were classified into the three categories of basic, organizing, and global themes. The research findings showed that Iranian mothers have been faced with multiple challenges, burdens, and inequalities with respect to their children's e-learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Family-centered and mother-centered e-learning, motherhood at the intersection of multiple identities, mothers’ multiple fears and concerns, and gender inequality in parental duties constituted a major part of the lived experience of Iranian mothers during the pandemic. In total, the findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the multiple responsibilities of women, especially about their children, and has delegated a double burden of education responsibilities to mothers.

Intersectionality and access to visual rehabilitation services: Experiences of people with low vision, a qualitative study

Low vision is a condition of visual impairment, generated by an underlying pathology that affects visual functioning and the development of daily activities. In the field of visual impairment, the developments in the analysis of access to rehabilitation services are scarce and incipient. The study approaches the understanding of the experiences of people with low vision in Medellín, Colombia, in their search for visual rehabilitation services. Ethnographic collective case study was conducted. Intersectionality was adopted to explore people’s experiences with low vision management health services. Five women and four men with low vision who attended the healthcare center participated in the study. Twenty-nine interviews and 16 participant observation exercises were carried out. Three categories emerged in the study: (1) I had never heard of low vision services; (2) Interaction with the health system: A path of struggles; and (3) Barriers that are exacerbated by the intersection of multiple identities and systems of oppression. The Colombian health system acts as an axis of structural oppression that interacts with the economic condition, educational level, and geographical location to generate greater difficulties for the identification of low vision management options, which also interact with the multiple and dynamic identities of each subject.

The Intersection of Multiple Identities and Emotions : Demon Slayer and the Reception of Manga/Anime in Korea

The Intersection of Multiple Identities and Emotions : Demon Slayer and the Reception of Manga/Anime in Korea

Beyond the Gates: Teaching Race and Politics in Brazil in a Prison Education Program

The project of liberatory education is fraught with complications in a Small Liberal Arts College or SLAC environment. Authors bell hooks and Paulo Freire look to an ethics of care, love, and mutual restoration of humanity through teaching openly and freely. My initial teaching experiences as an assistant professor revealed that this liberatory aim could not be fulfilled at the college campus, so I taught in a prison college education program. The goals of this article are: 1) to elucidate the complicated relationship that a woman faculty of color at the intersections of multiple identities has in adjusting to the SLAC environment; 2) to expound upon my weekly exit from campus and entry into prison education as a vehicle to advance institutional goals for outreach and social justice; 3) to interrogate prison education epistemologies and describe the counternarratives and practical strategies developed in a course on Race and Politics in Brazil to decolonize the curriculum; and 4) to express the realities of teaching a Black-centered, intersectional course in an all-male maximum security prison setting. It was through this practical prison teaching experience that I stretched the limits of my practice of education and found a temporary home in which to do so.

Intersectionality of whiteness, racism, and homophobia among agriculture students

ABSTRACT This study looks to unearth bigoted ideas among White students in education classes at a large land-grant University. This research utilises Critical Whiteness in a narrative format to elicit 14 White education students’ history of bigotry and its effect on their behaviour. Their stories highlight how White families and their friends talk about people of colour and members of the LGBTQ community in their White circles. While Whiteness studies traditionally focus on the discrimination against people of colour, this study found that many White students also talk about sexuality, class, and gender as necessary components to their White identity development. The strong bigoted views against members of the LGBTQ community by many of the students’ families and even themselves warrant discussion of Whiteness as an intersection of multiple identities.

Intersectional stereotyping in policing: an analysis of traffic stop outcomes

ABSTRACT Identity-based stereotyping often operates on perceptions about the intersection of multiple identities. Intersectional stereotyping predicts that certain combinations of attributes lend themselves more readily to perceived suspicion than others. In this paper, I test the way that suspicion-evoking stereotypes affect police-citizen interactions. Through the use of traffic stop data from Illinois spanning ten years and amounting to more than 20 million observations, I am able to produce accurate estimates for the relative degree of targeting that individual drivers face based on their racial, gender, age, and class-based perceived identities. Overall, I find both theoretical and methodological support for the necessity of intersectional analyses of identity-based profiling.

Communicatively Managing Multiple, Intersecting Identities Among Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs

Immigrant women comprise one of the fastest growing groups of business owners in the United States and other urban economies; however, a greater proportion of immigrant women business owners shut down their business within a year compared with their nonimmigrant peers. In an attempt to address this challenge, the study reported here explores the communication strategies adopted by immigrant women entrepreneurs as they manage key identities (gender, ethnicity, religion, and immigrant status) that may influence their success. Drawing on a structurational model of multiple identities and linking that with intersectionality research, this study examines the experiences of 60 immigrant women entrepreneurs from 30 different countries in New York City as they (dis)connect with their various identities. In addition to insights about each separate identity, we identify three tensions at the intersection of multiple identities, business sector, and sociocultural and historical context: visible versus invisible, expressive versus silent, and revealing versus concealing. Furthermore, we show how strategic communication practices are adopted to negotiate these tensions, and hence secure and/or increase business opportunities and business survival.

A dialogue on somatic practices

112 hanu kapil and jonah mixon-webster are poets who write into the interstices between genres and bodies. In their books, both writers build worlds that feel at once fragmentary and replete—full of ellipses, yet dense with creaturely life—and explore notions of home, resistance, and monstrosity. For Kapil, who is British Indian and splits her time between England and the United States, the long, essayistic prose-poem is a space free from fictitious borders and colonial logic. Like the characters she favors— who exist often at the intersection of multiple identities and even species—each of Kapil’s six books proposes new ways to shirk the invisible strictures of grammar and nationality. Language is a similarly fluid medium for Mixon-Webster, whose poemsandessaysoftentakehisnativeFlint,Michiganasbothsubject conversation Bhanu Kapil and Jonah Mixon-­Webster A dialogue on somatic practices B and setting; his debut collection, Stereo(TYPE) (2018) exposes numerous axes of systemic racism—physical and economic violence, public health crisis, the literature of white supremacy—through a kaleidoscopic array of modes. Weaving from poetic dialogues and “FAQs” to erasures and dream sequences, his work, like Kapil’s, offers a radically hybrid alternative to state-sanctioned categories. For this special issue, Kapil and Mixon-Webster—mutual admirers of one another’s work—exchanged letters on a Google doc about family, linear time, and somatic practices. —the editors from: bhanu kapil to: jonah mixon-­ webster Dear Jonah, I moved house today, in England, and my body feels like a fox body or a tree body, something not different from the outside of this apartment complex at the edge of a wood. I’ve been texting with my friend Aaron Brown in California all week. He wanted to know how I handle what he calls “the affective visceral lapse” that happens in conversation when the person you’re talking to changes the subject abruptly. And how this happens, in particular, when the conversation approaches a difficult topic, the history of racialized violence, for example. My computer charge is about to run out, but it’s what I want to make a note of here. To think about. Perhaps you could tell me a story from the in-­ between? I’m so tired tonight, as this full moon rises over the fens. (Though now it’s morning.) Just came in from an early walk with my mother. We watched the sun come up; she said: “Bhanu, you went mad for poetry when you were a baby.” She recalled my nursery teacher, Mrs. Anderson, beckoning her just as class was about to end. “What has Bhanu done now?” asked my mother. “Something horrible ?” “On the contrary, Mrs. Kapil,” said my teacher, “look…” At JONAH MIXON-­WEBSTER | 113 Asha Kapil in Cambridge, UK, September 21, 2020. the age of five, I was standing on a table reciting improvised poems about the sun to a class of about twenty other children, occasionally pausing to ask them questions. Mrs. Anderson took out her guitar to accompany me and…well, here we are. I took a photograph of my mother telling me this story as the sun rose this morning. Perhaps for me there never was an in-­ between; perhaps it was always like this. At the same time, I feel impacted, in the last few years, by a kind of disillusionment with the avant-­ garde or experimental communities where I found a welcome when I first began to write and publish in the United States. I feel sick when I think about some of the things that happened in contexts I finally found the strength to step out of. I want to find a way to be with others in a new way. We’ll see. I feel as if I have been in service to whiteness, and that: must stop. I’m curious about other ways to be with others, and with poetry. What feeling hopeful again, about poetry, might look like/be like. What is it like for you? from: jonah to: bhanu Hello, Bhanu! Whatagloriousimageyou’vecaptured.It’sstunningandstarlight-­ falling all over over there, and as I sit on a bench beneath a peach tree in the backyard of my new residence in St. Louis, the...

Introduction to the Special Section on Bisexual Health: Can You See Us Now?

Despite comprising the largest proportion of the "lesbian, gay, and bisexual" population, research focusing on the unique health concerns and needs of bisexual individuals is relatively scarce. While health disparities are increasingly well documented among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals relative to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts, gaps remain in our basic understanding of how health status, behaviors, and outcomes vary within these groups, especially bisexual individuals. The lack of specified research on bisexual health is even more curious given that, when separated from both heterosexual and gay/lesbian individuals, bisexual individuals consistently report higher rates of a wide range of negative health outcomes, including mood and anxiety disorders, substance use, suicidality, as well as disparities related to healthcare access and utilization. Indeed, in scientific research, mass media, and in public health interventions, bisexual individuals remain relatively invisible. This Special Section represents an effort to shed light on a new generation of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research studies that examine health-related concerns, outcomes, and intervention opportunities specifically among diverse samples of bisexual individuals from a variety of social and cultural contexts. The research herein focuses on intersections of multiple identities, the development of new measures, the use of large national data sets, and diverse groups of self-identified bisexual men (who tend to be least visible in health research). Findings from these studies will significantly advance our knowledge of factors associated with health disparities, as well as health and well-being more generally, among bisexual individuals and will help to inform directions for future health promotion research and intervention efforts.

Managing hypervisibility: An exploration of theory and research on identity shifting strategies in the workplace among Black women

Black women who are tokenized in the workplace experience race and gender-based discrimination and thus, may shift their identities to mitigate the negative outcomes associated with discrimination. Identity shifting is the conscious or unconscious process of shifting one's language, and/or cultural behaviors. In this conceptual paper, we briefly examine three major identity shifting theories – identity negotiation theory, cultural contract paradigm, and the phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory – summarizing the tenets and applications of these models and highlighting the ways in which intersecting identities can shape Black women's experiences in the workplace. Building upon previous research, we also offer recommendations for further development of identity shifting theories that integrate how the intersection of multiple identities (e.g., race and gender), respectability politics, tokenism, and racialized gendered socialization can influence motivations and pressures to engage in identity shifting in the workplace. Finally, recommendations are provided for managers and employers seeking to foster an inclusive workplace, and for researchers and theorists wanting to further the understanding of the complexities of identity shifting among individuals with multiple stigmatized identities.

Cortisol profiles differ by race/ethnicity among young sexual minority men

Much of the extant scientific research examining hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis functioning is conducted among White heterosexuals. Very little research examines HPA-axis functioning between different minority groups. Individuals who identify as both sexual and racial minorities may experience increased stigma and discrimination that can affect HPA-axis functioning. In the current study, we examined diurnal cortisol rhythm in young White gay men (WGM) compared to young Black gay men (BGM). The sample consisted of 70 healthy gay men (mean [SD] age=22.9 [3.2]: 68% White and 38% Black) who collected four saliva samples daily for five days. Repeated measures analysis of covariance and post-hoc tests revealed that BGM had higher cortisol levels than WGM in the evening. Secondary analyses revealed no significant group differences for the cortisol awakening response or systemic output throughout the day. However, BGM compared to WGM had a lower drop from peak (morning) to lowest (evening) cortisol concentrations. Taken together, these findings reveal a flatter diurnal cortisol rhythm among BGM compared to WGB. The functional significance of these preliminary findings must be explored further with assessment of psychosocial factors among sexual minorities at the intersection of multiple identities. In summary, we expand health disparities research aimed at delineating sexual minority and race/ethnic variation in stress physiology.

Why do Americans dislike publicly funded health care? Examining the intersection of race and gender in the ideological context

What explains individuals’ support to government social policy provision? Many scholars consider economic factors, such as income and risk, as the key determinants of social policy preferences. However, economic self-interest is not the solo determinant of policy preference, particularly in the health care domain. The social identity approach of policy preferences argues one's social identification shapes her policy preferences. We recognize the strength of the social identity literature, but view its lack of consideration for the intersection of multiple identities as a shortcoming. Using an intersectional approach and data from the 2012 General Social Survey, we examine how political ideology colors the effects of two ascriptive identities – race and gender – in shaping individuals’ health care preferences. Findings suggest that neither race nor gender independently explains health care attitudes. Instead, connecting ideology with the intersection between race and gender offers a more comprehensive account of how sub-population groups differ in their attitudes toward the role of government in health care. This timely analysis captures the complexity of Americans’ health care attitudes and brings the intersectionality approach to the social policy literature.

“Nowhere for me to go:” Black Female Student-Athlete Experiences on a Predominantly White Campus

Black female student-athletes are often compared to Black men or White women; however, they stand at the intersection of multiple identities and encounter challenges related to being Black, female, and student-athletes (Howard-Hamilton, 2001). This is an in-depth case study of one Division I women's basketball team at a predominantly White university on the west coast. Nine phenomenological interviews with Black female student-athletes, their coaches, and select athletics administrators were conducted. The main themes identified were a concern over the lack of campus diversity, wanting more coaches and staff of color, changing racial dynamics, feelings of isolation, and wanting support for their non-athlete identities. Implications for policy and practice are suggested from the participants' own perspectives.