Interrupted Lines Research Articles

The Management of Railway Operations during the Planned Interruption of Railway Infrastructure

A planned interruption of railway infrastructure is a situation where the operation of the track line or the operation of railway transport is limited. If there is also a restriction on the railway infrastructure, it means there will be complications not only for passengers but, above all, for railway undertakings operating freight transport. However, because of the planned railway infrastructure interruption, the quality of services provided not only to passengers but also to freight transport is decreasing. The aim of this paper is to propose effective planned maintenance works based on the analysis and evaluation of the processes performed during the planned railway infrastructure interruption or restriction. The research describes the process of affected railway infrastructure from technical, cost, and safety points of view. A methodological procedure is proposed under the condition of the Czech infrastructure manager. The main method is the calculation of the costs for the railway infrastructure manager and railway operator during the infrastructure interruption. The application part is undertaken using two interrupted lines according to the established alternative timetable in the area of České Budějovice.

Tanshinone ⅡA Ameliorates Cartilage Degeneration in Ovariectomized Rats by Regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/MMPs Signaling Pathway

To investigate the ameliorative effect of tanshinone ⅡA (Tan) on osteoarticular degeneration in ovariectomized rats (a postmenopausal estrogen deficiency model) and the mechanisms involved. Eight-week-old female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups (n=10 each), including a Sham operation group (Sham), an ovariectomy group (OVX), and low, medium, and high-dose Tan groups. Eight weeks after bilateral ovariectomy, the rats in the low, medium, and high-dose Tan groups were treated with Tan at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg for a duration of 28 days. Evaluation of the rat articular cartilage was performed using X-ray imaging, anatomical observation, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and toluidine blue staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), phosphorylated-smad2 (p-Smad2), type Ⅱ collagen (CⅡ), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and MMP-13 in the cartilage tissue. The knee joints of the OVX rats exhibited narrowed joint spaces, osteophyte formation, cartilage erosion or even localized cartilage cracks, faded methylene blue staining on the cartilage surface, disordered arrangement of chondrocytes, unclear or interrupted tidal line, and increased Kellgren-Lawrence grading, Pelletier grading, Mankin grading, and OARSI scores compared to those of the Sham group (P<0.01), as revealed by X-ray imaging, anatomical observation, and histological examination results. Tan ameliorated the degenerative changes in the knee joint caused by OVX in a dose-dependent manner while improving Kellgren-Lawrence grading, Pelletier grading, Mankin grading, and OARSI scores. Immunohistochemistry findings showed that TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and CⅡ expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.01), while MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the articular cartilage of the Tan group compared to those of the OVX group, with all these effects being dose-dependent. Tan mitigates articular cartilage degeneration in ovariectomized rats, which may be related to the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad2/MMPs signaling pathway.

Reciprocity relations in a biologically inspired nanomagnonic system with dipolar coupling

Magnetosome chains in magnetotactic bacteria present ideal nanomagnonic model systems for studying collective resonance modes of dipolar-coupled single domain particles in relation to their spatial arrangement. Using microresonator-based ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and micromagnetic modeling, we here provide insights into the complex magnonic activity within a single magnetosome chain. While the angular dependence of its FMR spectrum is dominated by twofold symmetry features due to the uniaxial anisotropy of linear chain segments, we also observed an unexpected behavior such as interrupted lines and flat bands due to the intricate geometrical details of this particular chain, such as a cross-like structural anomaly where a pair of particles is oriented perpendicular to the main axis of the chain and thus breaks the prevailing axial dipolar coupling symmetry. Such a cross junction formed by four particles exhibits interesting magnonic network properties. Notably, we observe reciprocity in the sense that the spectral response of one particle to an excitation of another one is identical to the response of the latter given an excitation of the former. Furthermore, we have identified that magnonic coupling between A and B can be facilitated via a dark state, as in magnonic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, and that this dark-state coupling can be made non-reciprocal between A and B by breaking the symmetry of the spatial arrangement of the four particles.

#342 : Asherman’s Syndrome Attributed to Genital Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Background: Asherman’s syndrome is a rare pathology secondary to intrauterine adhesion formation characterized by menstrual disorders and reproductive dysfunction. Although the cause intrauterine adhesion is thought to be associated with vigorous curettage or previous uterine surgery, other causes such as tuberculosis or schistosomiasis leading to intrauterine adhesion, are particularly important in developing countries. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old, multiparous woman, has applied for care to our hospital after 6 months of secondary amenorrhea. Other than occasional untreated heavy vaginal discharge, she had no past medical history nor prior uterine surgical procedure. No one in her family was treated for tuberculosis. Previously she was given combination oral contraceptive pills for 2 months, with no desirable outcome. On June 2022, we conducted a transvaginal ultrasound, with several features suggestive of uterine synechiae i.e. interrupted endometrial line in sagittal plain, small focal cystic areas within endometrium, and hyperechoic lesion with and without posterior shadowing. We decided to perform a hysteroscopy, with findings of mottled endometrium across the fundus and corpus of the uterus. Adhesiolysis was performed. An intrauterine foley catheter was inserted to prevent the reformation of adhesions. The specimen from this procedure were collected for pathology testing, with positive result for endometrial tuberculosis with caseous necrosis. The patient was treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs for 9 months. Upon completion of her tuberculosis treatment, she received combination oral contraceptive pills for endometrial restoration. She had her first period on May 2022, but only scanty bleeding occurred. On July 2022, she had two days of period with heavier blood flow. She is still closely observed. Conclusion: Asherman’s syndrome attributed to genital tuberculosis may emerge in otherwise healthy individual especially in countries where tuberculosis is prevalent. Although the results of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis in Asherman’s syndrome are encouraging, unfortunately, women with Asherman’s syndrome due to genital tuberculosis have poorer prognosis for restoration of menstrual function as there is usually complete destruction of endometrium by the mycobacterial disease. Well-designed clinical trials are needed to determine the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

Algorithmic linearization improves Syringe-based extrusion in elastic systems using Hydrogel-based materials

Accuracy and precision are essential in extrusion-based material handling such as three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. However, the elasticity of components, backlash, variability of nozzle and cartridge shapes, etc. can lead to unpredictable printing results, which is further complicated by the wide range of rheologically diverse materials and complex sample designs.To address this issue, we present an algorithmic approach to compensate for the discrepancies between piston motion and material extrusion in syringe-based extrusion systems. This approach relies on cyclical, iterative optimization through rapid piston movements, which are adjusted based on extrusion analysis.In this work we establish a general theoretical framework for extrusion and link the rheological properties of prepared hydrogels with shear rates in a typical bioprinting process. The determined properties are compared with the success of the developed algorithm to modify machine instructions for precise material deposition of short, interrupted lines, as well as multi-layered scaffold structures.Overall, our approach provides a means of improving the accuracy and precision of complex extrusion-based bioprinting systems, without prior knowledge of set-up or material properties, making it highly versatile and suitable for a wide range of applications, particularly when the combined set-up and material properties are too complex for solely predictive approaches.

Diagnostic value of pulmonary ultrasound in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study

BackgroundTo evaluate the value of the pulmonary ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in emergency departments (EDs). Materials and methodsBetween January 2018 and December 2019, patients admitted to the ED of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital for suspected AECOPD were prospectively included in this study. Pulmonary ultrasound was performed using a linear transducer. The pulmonary ultrasound findings were evaluated for further discrimination for patients with AECOPD. Then, the diagnostic performance of pulmonary ultrasound was estimated and calculated. The clinical characteristics between groups with and without pneumonia were compared. ResultsA total of 53 patients with AECOPD were included in the final analysis. For diagnosis of AECOPD due to pneumonia, ultrasound findings, such as consolidation, slightly rough pleural line, or irregular and interrupted pleural line had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 86.7%. For diagnosis of AECOPD complicating pulmonary fibrosis, fringed pleural line had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.5%. In addition, patients with pleural effusion (n=19) or pneumothorax (n=1) were correctly identified and wavy or bulging pleural lines were common in patients with AECOPD (58.5%, 31/53). ConclusionUltrasound findings could offer further discrimination for AECOPD complications and other pathological conditions, such as pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax in EDs.

Diagnostic value of pulmonary ultrasound in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study

BackgroundTo evaluate the value of the pulmonary ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in emergency departments (EDs). Materials and methodsBetween January 2018 and December 2019, patients admitted to the ED of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital for suspected AECOPD were prospectively included in this study. Pulmonary ultrasound was performed using a linear transducer. The pulmonary ultrasound findings were evaluated for further discrimination for patients with AECOPD. Then, the diagnostic performance of pulmonary ultrasound was estimated and calculated. The clinical characteristics between groups with and without pneumonia were compared. ResultsA total of 53 patients with AECOPD were included in the final analysis. For diagnosis of AECOPD due to pneumonia, ultrasound findings, such as consolidation, slightly rough pleural line, or irregular and interrupted pleural line had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 86.7%. For diagnosis of AECOPD complicating pulmonary fibrosis, fringed pleural line had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.5%. In addition, patients with pleural effusion (n=19) or pneumothorax (n=1) were correctly identified and wavy or bulging pleural lines were common in patients with AECOPD (58.5%, 31/53). ConclusionUltrasound findings could offer further discrimination for AECOPD complications and other pathological conditions, such as pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax in EDs.

Case Study About Resistance Projection Welding of Aluminized Steel Parts

Resistance projection welding is a non-polluting mechanized process used to obtain an assembly between similar or dissimilar metallic materials. The main advantages of this welding process are the possibility to achieve many different welded points at the same time and the long life of the electrodes compared to the spot-welding process. The paper analyses the effects of thin aluminium coating existing on mild steel parts of on the correct formation of welding points when assembling moulds for the manufacture of baking bread. From optical and electron microscopy analyses it resulted that some adjacent welded points show an interrupted fusion line, sprinkled with elongated islands of aluminium-rich compounds. The paper presents the effect of changing the values ​​of the welding parameters on the weld spot size, in correlation with the Al-rich inclusions that appear on the weld fusion zone. The best results have been obtained when the welding parameters values were the follows: electrode pressure of 2.6 bar, welding power of 19.18kVA and welding time of 7ms. The problems that occur when electric resistance welding of parts with aluminium coating have been highlighted, being useful for specialists who make products using this welding process.

A New Species of Photonectes from the Pacific Ocean off Oahu, Hawaii with a Revised Identification Key for the Genus (Teleostei: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae)

A new species of scaleless black dragonfish, Photonectes klepadloae, new species, is described on the basis of a single specimen collected in the central north Pacific Ocean off the Hawaiian Islands. The new species is readily distinguished from all congeners by the postorbital organ shifted forward to below eye, by the presence of the blue luminous tissue on the body arranged in two widely spaced interrupted lines between IV photophores and a streak-like patch on each side above 10th to 12th PV photophores, and by the structure of the mental barbel lacking a bulb, but having the long unpigmented distal appendage without a terminal swelling, and a pair of enlarged stalked photophore-like structures on the distal extremity of the stem. A revised key of the known species of Photonectes is presented.

A Dermoscopic Study of Cutaneous Warts and Its Utility in Monitoring Real-Time Wart Destruction by Radiofrequency Ablation.

Context:Cutaneous warts can affect up to 7–12% of the general population. Usually diagnosed clinically, there may be diagnostic dilemmas in atypical presentations or immunocompromised patients. Radiofrequency ablation is a common method of treatment of warts, but recurrences occur due to incomplete removal. Dermoscopy has been used in the diagnosis of various infectious dermatoses including warts.Aims:The study aimed to assess dermoscopic features of various types of viral warts and its efficacy in monitoring the treatment response following radiofrequency ablation.Settings and Design:Prospective non-comparative descriptive study in a tertiary care centre.Subjects and Methods:A prospective study was conducted comprising 60 patients with clinically diagnosed, previously untreated warts, including common warts, plane warts, palmar and plantar warts. Dermoscopic features of a representative lesion were evaluated in terms of definition, background color, vascularity, surrounding halo, dermatoglyphics, and presence of hemorrhage or crust. It was done at baseline and immediately after radiofrequency ablation of the wart to observe for complete removal of wart.Results:Most common dermoscopic features observed were presence of papillae surrounding haloes (61.67%), vascularity (dots>globules>linear vessels>loops; 58.33%), interrupted skin lines (51.67%), and brown colored background (48.3%). Nine cases (15%) demonstrated incomplete removal of the wart that was not visible with the naked eye and picked up only on dermoscopy. On follow up, at 6 months there were four recurrences (6.67%).Conclusion:Dermoscopy shows consistent features in the examination of warts. This can be a quick clinical aid in distinguishing it from close differentials. It is also valuable in reviewing the lesion real time after any ablative procedure to check if it has been removed in its entirety.

Josephson radiation from nonlinear dynamics of Majorana zero modes

Josephson radiation is a powerful method to probe Majorana zero modes in topological superconductors. Recently, Josephson radiation with half the Josephson frequency has been experimentally observed in a HgTe-based junction, possibly from Majorana zero modes. However, this radiation vanishes above a critical voltage, sharply contradicting previous theoretical results. In this work, we theoretically obtain a radiation spectrum quantitatively in agreement with the experiment after including the nonlinear dynamics of the Majorana states into the standard resistively shunted junction model. We further predict two new structures of the radiation spectrum for future experimental verification: an interrupted emission line and a chaotic regime. We develop a fixed-point analysis to understand all these features. Our results resolve an apparent discrepancy between theory and experiments, and will inspire reexamination of structures in radiation spectra of various topological Josephson junctions.

Hyphessobrycon rheophilus, a new species from rapids of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Characiformes: Characidae: Stethaprioninae).

A new species from rapids of Rio Aripuanã, Rio Madeira basin, in Brazil, and from the same type of habitat in the upper Rio Negro and upper Rio Orinoco basins in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela is described and assigned to the genus Hyphessobrycon. The new species presents an interrupted lateral line plus a single perforated scale on caudal peduncle and a small dark blotch on dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays, features not found in the other species of Hyphessobrycon. Comments on the phylogenetic position of the new species, its rheophilic habits, and the biogeographic implications of its distribution are presented.

Imaging features of computed tomography examination of subacute gallbladder perforation

Objective To investigate the imaging features of computed tomography (CT) examination of subacute gallbladder perforation. Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The clinical data of 24 patients with subacute gallbladder perforation who were admitted to the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2013 and January 2018 were collected. Patients underwent abdominal plain scan and enhanced scan in the arterial phase and portal venous phase of CT, and received percutaneous cholecystostomy, cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, T-tube drainage according to their conditions. Observation indicators and evaluation criteria: (1) CT examination situations. Barrier lake sign is defined as presence of obvious or occult crevasse in the discontinuous gallbladder wall, with interrupt line seen in the portal venous phase and without crevasse enhancement. There is patchy effusion circled by annular wall around crevasse of gallbladder, shape like lake, appearing as oval, semicircle, circular sector, triangle, etc. Annular wall consists of abscess wall, liver margin or both of them. With smooth inner wall of the abscess and irregular outer wall, abscess wall may be complicated with inflammatory exudation and strip shadow, showing intense enhancement in the venous phase. (2) Treatment and follow-up situations. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect complications after discharge up to January 2018. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). Results (1) CT examination situations. ① Completion status and primary diseases: of 24 patients, 2 underwent abdominal plain scan, 22 underwent abdominal plain scan combined with enhanced scan in the arterial phase and portal venous phase. The primary disease of all the 24 patients was biliary stone, including 18 located in gallbladder cavity, 4 located at gallbladder neck and 2 combined with gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones. The maximum diameter was 2.0 cm (range, 0.3-2.5 cm) in the 24 patients. ② Crevasse of subacute gallbladder perforation: perforations were detected at the bottom of gallbladder in 11 patients, at body of gallbladder in 7 patients (1 with multiple perforations), at gallbladder neck in 1 patient, at bottom and body of gallbladder in 2 patients, and perforation spot was unable to judge in 3 patients. The maximum diameter of occult crevasses was <0.2 cm in 2 patients and maximum diameter of crevasses was 0.5 cm (range, 0.2-1.0 cm) in other 22 with defined perforation spot. ③ Imaging manifestations of barrier lake sign : 24 patients had manifestation of barrier lake sign . Annular wall consisted of abscess wall, liver margin or both of them was found in 15, 3, 6 patients respectively. Gallbladder was partially or totally wrapped by abscess in 21 and 3 patients respectively. ④ Gallbladder situation: of 24 patients, 23 and 1 had gall bladder volume increased significantly and decreased slightly, with a maximum diameter of 10.0 cm (range, 6.0-13.0 cm) and thickness of hydropic gallbladder wall as 0.5 cm (range, 0.3-1.3 cm). ⑤ Other effusion signs: 24 patients had increased fat interval density around gallbladder, partly showing cord-like and line-like changes. (2) Treatment and follow-up situations: of 24 patients, 10 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 6 underwent open cholecystectomy, 4 underwent cholecystectomy+ choledocholithotomy+ T-tube drainage, 1 was converted to open cholecystectomy+ choledocholithotomy+ T-tube drainage after laparoscopic exploration, 3 underwent cholecystectomy at 2 months after percutaneous cholecystostomy combined with anti-inflammatory treatment. Of 24 patients, 22 were followed up for 6-31 months with a median time of 11 months. During the follow-up, 2 patients were detected residual stones at fossa for gallbladder and end of the common bile duct, 2 were detected cholangitis with stones, 1 died of tumor, and other 17 survived well without recurrence of calculus or other complications. Conclusion The barrier lake sign is a typical feature of CT examination of subacute gallbladder perforation, which provides timely and accurately differential diagnosis and clinical treatment. Key words: Subacute gallbladder perforation; Abscess; Barrier lake sign; Tomography, X-ray computed

A Fast-Switching (1.35-μs) Low-Control-Voltage (2.5-V) MEMS T/R Switch Monolithically Integrated With a Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT).

This paper describes the design and fabrication of an electrostatic MEMS switch that can be co-fabricated on the same substrate with a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) as a transmit/receive (T/R) switch. The structure of the switch is modified from a single CMUT cell. An interrupted transmission line is defined across the center of the cell with control electrodes on both sides to pull a movable plate down. The plate has an insulation layer underneath and a metal bump is formed on the insulation layer and aligned to the transmission line gap, so that the switch could be turned on by pulling down the plate with electrostatic force and making the metal bump close the gap in the transmission line. The switch was designed using a finite-element model (FEM) and fabricated on a glass substrate using anodic bonding. A static characterization was first performed on a switch test structure, which shows the dc switching voltage was 68 V and the on-resistance was 50 Ω. The RF in and RF out isolation was measured as approximately 66 dB and insertion loss was approximately 4.5 dB for frequency range commonly used for medical ultrasound imaging. Then we performed the dynamic characterization in immersion. By setting the dc bias at 67 V, we found that the switch could be operated with a control-voltage as low as 2.5 V. The switching and release times are related to the rise time and the fall time of the control signal, respectively. The minimum switching time was measured as 1.34 μs with a control signal rise time of 300 ns, and the minimum release time was measured as 80 ns with a control signal fall time of 20 ns. We further demonstrated that a 1-kHz control signal with the optimized rise and fall times can be used to conduct and block a sinusoidal signal with 1-MHz frequency and 300-mV pp amplitude, as well as unipolar pulses with 5-V pp amplitude, 500-ns pulse width, and 2-kHz repetition rate. The presented MEMS switch could potentially eliminate the high-voltage process requirement for the on-chip front-end electronics of a CMUT-based ultrasound imaging system and thus improve the overall system efficiency.

Curvature Integration in a 5D Kernel for Extracting Vessel Connections in Retinal Images.

Tree-like structures, such as retinal images, are widely studied in computer-aided diagnosis systems for large-scale screening programs. Despite several segmentation and tracking methods proposed in the literature, there still exist several limitations specifically when two or more curvilinear structures cross or bifurcate, or in the presence of interrupted lines or highly curved blood vessels. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on multi-orientation scores augmented with a contextual affinity matrix, which both are inspired by the geometry of the primary visual cortex (V1) and their contextual connections. The connectivity is described with a 5D kernel obtained as the fundamental solution of the Fokker-Planck equation modeling the cortical connectivity in the lifted space of positions, orientations, curvatures, and intensity. It is further used in a self-tuning spectral clustering step to identify the main perceptual units in the stimuli. The proposed method has been validated on several easy as well as challenging structures in a set of artificial images and actual retinal patches. Supported by quantitative and qualitative results, the method is capable of overcoming the limitations of current state-of-the-art techniques.

Discrete/Continuous: Music and Media Theory after Kittler

Research Article| April 01 2017 Discrete/Continuous: Music and Media Theory after Kittler Alexander Rehding, Alexander Rehding Convenor ALEXANDER REHDING is Fanny Peabody Professor of Music at Harvard University. He is the author of Hugo Riemann and the Birth of Modern Musical Thought (Cambridge University Press, 2003), Music and Monumentality (Oxford University Press, 2009), and a monograph on Beethoven's Ninth Symphony for OUP's Oxford Keynotes series (forthcoming in 2017). He is editor-in-chief of the Oxford Music Handbooks Online series, and was awarded the 2014 Dent Medal. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gundula Kreuzer, Gundula Kreuzer GUNDULA KREUZER is Associate Professor of Music at Yale University. Her monograph Curtain, Gong, Steam: Wagnerian Technologies of Nineteenth-Century Opera is forthcoming from the University of California Press. Other publications include her award-winning Verdi and the Germans: From Unification to the Third Reich (Cambridge University Press, 2010) and her edition of Verdi’s chamber music for The Works of Giuseppe Verdi (University of Chicago Press, 2010). She has served as reviews editor for Opera Quarterly and in 2015–16 was an Italian Academy Fellow at Columbia University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Peter McMurray, Peter McMurray PETER McMURRAY is a musicologist and media artist. He is currently a Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows, where he is completing a book and film project on sound and Islam in Turkish Berlin. He is coeditor of a special issue of Twentieth-Century Music on magnetic tape recording (Spring 2017). Other research interests include histories of sound technology, the physiology of hearing, and the current refugee crisis. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Sybille Krämer, Sybille Krämer SYBILLE KRÄMER is Professor of Theoretical Philosophy at the Free University of Berlin, specializing in questions of media. She is a founding member of the Hermann von Helmholtz Center for Cultural Techniques, and is especially known for her work in the research group “Image—Writing—Number.” She is the author of numerous books, including Medium, Messenger, Transmission (Amsterdam University Press, 2015). A member of the German and European Research Councils and of the Berlin Wissenschaftskolleg, she holds an honorary doctorate from the University of Linköping (2016). Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Roger Moseley Roger Moseley ROGER MOSELEY is Assistant Professor of Music at Cornell University. He is the author of Keys to Play: Music as a Ludic Medium from Apollo to Nintendo (University of California Press, 2016) and of articles on topics ranging from eighteenth-century keyboard improvisation to contemporary technologies of musical recreation. He is also active as a collaborative (forte)pianist. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Musicological Society (2017) 70 (1): 221–256. https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2017.70.1.221 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Alexander Rehding, Gundula Kreuzer, Peter McMurray, Sybille Krämer, Roger Moseley; Discrete/Continuous: Music and Media Theory after Kittler. Journal of the American Musicological Society 1 April 2017; 70 (1): 221–256. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2017.70.1.221 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search At first blush, the pair discrete/continuous seems to take us far from the concerns of musicology and place us firmly in the realm of statistics, data analysis, and number crunching. Put graphically, “discrete data” translates into dots or interrupted lines, while “continuous data” implies a curve. This would mean counting and measuring—how can these activities be relevant to music? Our initial association might be with computers, but it is not necessary to invoke that squishy entity called the “digital humanities” here.1 We fare better if we think of the discrete/continuous pair in the context of a different and seemingly outmoded approach to music aesthetics. Going back in time, beyond the influential Kantian tradition, we return to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) of almost a century earlier, the great rationalist and mathematician who invented calculus from his Hanover home at the same time as Newton in Cambridge. Leibniz understood music as... Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Valid Path Searching of an Interrupted Urban Rail Transit Network

AbstractA valid path searching method was applied in an interrupted urban rail transit network line to determine a rapid, accurate, and easy path for evacuating stranded passengers. The method is based on the established urban rail transit network model and considers the characteristics of interrupted rail networks. Valid paths were redefined with constraint conditions, such as fault points, maximum transfer times, and generalized cost. The depth-first algorithm was also improved, and the valid path searching model for interrupted urban rail transit network lines was established. The model was validated in Shanghai Metro Network, an interrupted urban rail transit, by using the C# programming language. Results show that when People Square station is interrupted, five valid paths can be searched between Shanghai West Railway station and Pudong International Airport station with constraints.

Stopping criterion for anisotropic image diffusion

Coherence-enhancing diffusion filtering is a striking application of the anisotropic diffusion in image processing. The technique deals with the problem of completion of interrupted lines and enhancement of flow-like features in fingerprint images. However, an anisotropic diffusion process is an iterated process, initializes with a poor quality image, and converges at the end towards a completely blurred image, with no structure surviving at the end. In anisotropic diffusion, one important question is how to find boundary between the under-smoothing and over-smoothing regions of the anisotropic diffusion process. The entropy change is found to be one such measure to describe that boundary adequately and thus provides a reasonable stopping rule for anisotropic diffusion. Numerical experiments with test pattern images confirm the desirable qualities of gap-closing and flow-enhancing qualities, along with the identification of frontier of useful smoothing. The proposed scheme is evaluated with the help of simulated images, and compared with other state of the art schemes using an objective criterion.

Diagnostic anténatal des placentas accreta : apport de l’échographie et de l’IRM dans une population à risque

Main objective was to compare accuracy of ultrasonography and MRI for antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta. Secondary objectives were to specify the most common sonographic and RMI signs associated with diagnosis of placenta accreta. This retrospective study used data collected from all potential cases of placenta accreta (patients with an anterior placenta praevia with history of scarred uterus) admitted from 01/2010 to 12/2014 in a level III maternity unit in Strasbourg, France. High-risk patients beneficiated antenatally from ultrasonography and MRI. Sonographic signs registered were: abnormal placental lacunae, increased vascularity on color Doppler, absence of the retroplacental clear space, interrupted bladder line. MRI signs registered were: abnormal uterine bulging, intraplacental bands of low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, increased vascularity, heterogeneous signal of the placenta on T2-weighed, interrupted bladder line, protrusion of the placenta into the cervix. Diagnosis of placenta accreta was confirmed histologically after hysterectomy or clinically in case of successful conservative treatment. Twenty-two potential cases of placenta accreta were referred to our center and underwent both ultrasonography and MRI. All cases of placenta accreta had a placenta praevia associated with history of scarred uterus. Sensibility and specificity for ultrasonography were, respectively, 0.92 and 0.67, for MRI 0.84 and 0.78 without significant difference (p>0.05). The most relevant signs associated with diagnosis of placenta accreta in ultrasonography were increased vascularity on color Doppler (sensibility 0.85/specificity 0.78), abnormal placental lacunae (sensibility 0.92/specificity 0.55) and loss of retroplacental clear space (sensibility 0.76/specificity 1.0). The most relevant signs in MRI were: abnormal uterine bulging (sensitivity 0.92/specificity 0.89), dark intraplacental bands on T2-weighted images (sensitivity 0.83/specificity 0.80) or placental heterogeneity (sensitivity 0.92/specificity 0.89). Association of two sonographic or MRI signs had the best sensitivity/specificity ratio. Ultrasonography and RMI represent two interesting and complementary diagnostic tools for antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta. Because of its cost and accessibility, ultrasonography remains the first in line to be used for diagnosis. Use of an analytical grid for diagnosis of placenta accreta could be helpful.

The Characteristics and Causes of Push-off During Screw Rotor Manufacture, and its Compensation by Multi-axis Machine Path Calculations

When grinding helical components, errors occur at the beginning and end of the contact path between the component and grinding wheel. This is due to the forces on the component changing as the grinding wheel comes into and out-of full contact with the component. In addition, shaft bending may add depth changes which vary along the length. This may result in an interrupted contact line and increased noise from the rotors. Using on-board scanning, software has been developed to calculate a compensated grinding path, which includes the adjustments of head angle, work rotation and infeed. This grinding path compensates not only lead errors, but also reduces the profile errors as well. The program has been tested in rotor production and the results are shown.