Interrelated Responses Research Articles

Influencing factors on drivers’ support for traffic safety laws in Canada

Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in the road engineering, which along with the implementation of safety laws and regulations, has improved the overall road safety. However, traffic accidents and road injuries are still a leading global cause of death. The propensity of traffic violations and risky behaviors among drivers is closely linked to their perception of the threat associated with them, and the level of support for regulations. This study investigates the various components of drivers’ perceptions and their impact on the drivers’ support of safety laws through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Additionally, factor analysis is employed to categorize interrelated responses into distinct factors. The findings indicate that drivers’ perception of social disapproval of risky driving behaviors and their awareness of safety problems significantly influence the drivers’ personal disapproval of risky driving behaviors. Notably, drivers' disapproval directly correlates with their support for laws prohibiting these behaviors. In light of these findings, this study suggests increasing public awareness and driver education regarding the risks associated with dangerous driving behaviors, particularly not-wearing seat belt and texting while driving. This recommendation aims to improve Canada’s traffic safety culture through the influence of social norm and understanding of the safety issues on the drivers’ personal perceptions and, subsequently, their support for traffic safety regulations.

Forests, Coca, and Conflict: Grass Frontier Dynamics and Deforestation in the Amazon-Andes

Population growth with weak economic development can promote tropical deforestation, but government infrastructure investment can also open new frontiers and thus increase deforestation. In the Andean region of South America, population growth has been a leading explanation for both deforestation and coca cultivation, but coca generates armed conflict and attracts counter-drug measures, obscuring the differences between population-driven and frontier-opening models of deforestation. Using a 15-year panel from Colombia, we model deforestation, coca cultivation, and conflict victims as interrelated responses with a suite of covariates encompassing land cover, land cover changes, population, population changes, counter-drug measures, and government infrastructure spending. Infrastructure spending suppresses coca, coca and eradication by aerial fumigation both increase conflict, and conflict promotes deforestation and is associated with depopulation. But the strongest predictor of deforestation is pasture growth, which covaries with coca. While these models show that infrastructure spending can help reduce coca, and coca’s influence on deforestation is indirect and mediated by conflict, the models also reveal the most important challenge to forest conservation is neither coca nor conflict, but an insatiable appetite for land that expresses itself through pasture growth.

Ramy odniesienia w analizie transakcyjnej

The presence of reference frameworks in psychology is complemented by the existence of this concept in transactional analysis. In their current understanding, they are the structure of interrelated responses from the integrated ego-state to specific stimuli. Reference frameworks provide an individual with the opportunity to develop a general perceptual, intellectual and emotional system that influences his behaviour. They constitute a system used to define oneself, other people and the world. The system of reference is present in the individual’s script, his psychological games and transactions. As far as transactions are concerned, they are often tangential, blocking, or refracted. Apart from individual reference frameworks, transactional analysis is interested in their broader social and cultural contexts, which constitute their subsystem functioning as a source of identity. It reveals itself during intercultural exchanges or confrontations. Reference frameworks, being a kind of a window to the world, influence interpersonal relations and the links that exist within them

The plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT, plays a role in inflammation and fibrinolysis during cutaneous wound healing in mice

Wound healing is a complex physiologic process that proceeds in overlapping, sequential steps. Plasminogen promotes fibrinolysis and potentiates the inflammatory response during wound healing. We have tested the hypothesis that the novel plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT, regulates key steps in wound healing. Standardized burn wounds were induced in mice and time dependence of wound closure was quantified. Healing in Plg-RKT−/− mice was significantly delayed during the proliferation phase. Expression of inflammatory cytokines was dysregulated in Plg-RKT−/− wound tissue. Consistent with dysregulated cytokine expression, a significant delay in wound healing during the proliferation phase was observed in mice in which Plg-RKT was specifically deleted in myeloid cells. Following wound closure, the epidermal thickness was less in Plg-RKT−/− wound tissue. Paradoxically, deletion of Plg-RKT, specifically in keratinocytes, significantly accelerated the rate of healing during the proliferation phase. Mechanistically, only two genes were upregulated in Plg-RKT−/− compared with Plg-RKT+/+ wound tissue, filaggrin, and caspase 14. Both filaggrin and caspase 14 promote epidermal differentiation and decrease proliferation, consistent with more rapid wound closure and decreased epidermal thickness during the remodeling phase. Fibrin clearance was significantly impaired in Plg-RKT−/− wound tissue. Genetic reduction of fibrinogen levels to 50% completely abrogated the effect of Plg-RKT deletion on the healing of burn wounds. Remarkably, the effects of Plg-RKT deletion on cytokine expression were modulated by reducing fibrinogen levels. In summary, Plg-RKT is a new regulator participating in different phases of cutaneous burn wound healing, which coordinately plays a role in the interrelated responses of inflammation, keratinocyte migration, and fibrinolysis.

Using Duality to See More Broadly: Why Ambivalence and Paradox Can Benefit Organizations

Modern organizations are complex social structures. Organizations regularly pursue multiple strategic goals in different and often competing markets, implicating a diverse constellation of stakeholders within and outside of an organization’s boundaries. Consequently, individuals at all levels of the organization must frequently attend to multiple and often contradictory tasks, goals, and interaction partners. The complexities of work make it common for individuals to feel conflicted about their tasks, situations, or colleagues. Such tensions manifest in ambivalence (i.e., simultaneously positive and negative feelings or attitudes) and paradox (i.e., having conflicting or contradictory perceptions) – two conceptually distinct but inevitably interrelated responses to complexity at work. As such, handling complexity and tensions in ways that enable effective decisions and actions is essential to individuals’ work performance in modern organizations. The research in this symposium collectively addresses: What are the individual and interpersonal consequences of ambivalence and paradox at work? Why Ventures Pitched by Ambivalent (Not Positive) Entrepreneurs Receive More Support Presenter: Melanie Milovac; INSEAD Presenter: Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks; U. of Michigan Benefits of Being Mixed: Ambivalent Actors are Perceived as Competent in Deliberation Contexts Presenter: Iris Schneider; U. of Cologne Presenter: Angela Ka-yee Leung; Singapore Management U. Excited or Comfortable? Unlocking the Emotional Foundation of a Paradox Mindset Presenter: Erica Wen Chen; Renmin U. of China Presenter: Josh Keller; U. of New South Wales Presenter: George Christopoulos; Nanyang Business School Relationship Conflict and Observers’ Work Engagement: A Paradox Perspective Presenter: Yan Shao; U. of Groningen Presenter: Ella Miron-Spektor; INSEAD Presenter: Susanne Täuber; U. of Groningen Presenter: Bernard A. Nijstad; U. of Groningen Cumulative Evidence about Attitudinal and Emotional Ambivalence at Work Presenter: Naomi Beth Rothman; Lehigh U. Presenter: David A. Harrison; U. of Texas at Austin Presenter: Caroline A Bartel; U. of Texas at Austin

Contemporary capitalism, uneven development, and the arc of anti-capitalism

Uneven and combined development remains crucial for understanding the continued widening and deepening of capitalism. However, the nature of the heterogeneous and uneven development of contemporary capitalism, especially since the 1970s, makes problematic the characterization of capitalist totality, as a coherent stage and as a singular, albeit uneven, combination. This complicates the successful pursuit of anti-capitalism, which now requires varied but interrelated responses at all scales and involving a range of approaches, from local community activism and non-capitalist alternatives to mass Leninist-inspired parties, and an international socialist movement. Thus, a far more uneven anticapitalism is appropriate; and a single, overarching anti-capitalist process, such as Permanent Revolution may not be the only or way forward. This is not an argument for a post-Marxist horizontal heterogeneity; but rather an exploration of the reasons and possibilities for a dialectical anti-capitalism, where beneficial encounters occur across the arc of anti-capitalism, within which proletariat mobilization remains a central component. Such confluence offers one starting point for contending with the perennial duality of reform and revolution, manifest today in the either/or of an anti-capitalism of total revolution and an agonistic, fractional post-Marxist politics working to reduce oppression and hardship within capitalism.

The Fintech Trilemma

Whether in response to robo advising, artificial intelligence, or crypto-currencies such as Bitcoin, regulators around the world have made it a top policy priority to supervise the exponential growth of financial technology (or “fintech”) in the post-crisis era. However, applying traditional regulatory strategies to new technological ecosystems has proved conceptually difficult. Part of the challenge lies in managing the trade-offs that accompany the regulation of innovations that could, conceivably, both help and hurt consumers as well as market participants. Problems also arise from the common assumption that today’s fintech is a mere continuation of the story of innovation that has shaped finance for centuries. This Article offers a new theoretical framework for understanding and regulating fintech by showing how the supervision of financial innovation is invariably bound by what can be described as a policy trilemma. Specifically, we argue that when seeking to provide clear rules, maintain market integrity, and encourage financial innovation, regulators have long been able to achieve, at best, only two out of these three goals. Moreover, today’s innovations exacerbate the trade-offs historically embodied in the trilemma by breaking down financial services supply chains into discrete parts and disintermediating traditional functions using cutting edge, but untested, technologies, thereby introducing unprecedented uncertainty as to their risks and benefits. This Article seeks to catalogue the strategies taken by regulatory authorities to navigate the trilemma, and posits them as operating across a spectrum of interrelated responses. The Article then proposes supplemental administrative tools to support not only market, but also regulatory experimentation and innovation.

Belle, Marie-Alice, and Line Cottegnies, eds. Robert Garnier in Elizabethan England: Mary Sidney Herbert’s Antonius and Thomas Kyd’s Cornelia

This volume gathers together for the first time Mary Sidney Herbert’s Antonius (1592) and Thomas Kyd’s Cornelia (1594), two significant and inter-related responses to Robert Garnier’s Roman plays, Marc Antoine (1578) and Cornelie (1574). As a unique diptych the translated plays offer invaluable insight into the often ghostly presence of French literature in Elizabethan culture. They also mark an important chapter in the development of early modern neoclassical drama, with Sidney Herbert and Kyd creatively engaging, each in their own way, with Garnier’s learned, Senecan tragedies. This edition offers a critical introduction situating the plays in the rapidly shifting context of the 1590s and discussing their critical reception as translations. The footnotes aim to illuminate Sidney Herbert’s and Kyd’s distinctive translation practices by signaling significant amendments to Garnier’s text and by tracing the web of intertextual allusions that connects each translation, not only with Elizabethan practices of patronage, readership, and text circulation, but also with the wider intellectual and political debates of the late European Renaissance. Also featuring textual notes, a list of neologisms, and a glossary, this edition documents each text’s material and editorial history, as well as their joint contribution to the linguistic creativity of the Elizabethan age.

Mixed uncertainty based analytical target cascading: an approach for hierarchical multilevel optimization under probabilistic and interval mixed uncertainties

Analytical target cascading (ATC) has been extended to the probabilistic formulation to deal with the hierarchical multilevel optimization problem under uncertainty. However, only aleatory uncertainties can be handled by the probabilistic theory. Considering both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties exist in engineering design, a mixed uncertainty based analytical target cascading (MUATC) approach is proposed in this paper. The probability distribution and interval are used to represent the aleatory uncertainties and epistemic uncertainties, respectively. To figure out the mixed uncertainty propagation(MUP) problem, the reliability index approach based MUP (RIA-MUP) and performance measurement approach based MUP (PMA-MUP) are proposed firstly. Based on PMA-MUP, the MUATC method is established. MUATC firstly decouples the mixed uncertainty all-in-one (MUAIO) problem into deterministic optimization problem and mixed uncertainty analysis, and then hierarchically decomposes them into subproblems. All-in-one (AIO) mixed uncertainty analysis and hierarchically mixed uncertainty analysis methods are established to calculate the characteristic of the interrelated responses and shared variables. The accuracy and effectiveness of MUATC are demonstrated with three examples.

The role of grief symptoms and a sense of injustice in the pathways to post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-conflict Timor-Leste.

Grief symptoms and a sense of injustice may be interrelated responses amongst persons exposed to mass conflict and both reactions may contribute to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. As yet, however, there is a dearth of data examining these relationships. Our study examined the contributions of grief and a sense of injustice to a model of PTSD symptoms that included the established determinants of trauma events, ongoing adversity and severe psychological distress. The study involved a large population sample (n = 2964, response rate: 82.4%) surveyed in post-conflict Timor-Leste. The survey sites included an urban administrative area (suco) in Dili, the capital of Timor-Leste and a rural village located an hour's drive away. Culturally adapted measures were applied to assess conflict related traumatic events (TEs), ongoing adversity, persisting preoccupations with injustice, symptoms of grief, psychological distress (including depressive symptoms) and PTSD symptoms. We tested a series of structural equation models, the final comprehensive model, which included indices of grief symptoms and injustice, producing a good fit. Locating grief symptoms as the endpoint of the model produced a non-converging model. In the final model, strong associations were evident between grief and injustice (β = 0.34, s.e. = 0.02, p < 0.01) and grief and PTSD symptoms (β = 0.14, s.e. = 0.02, p < 0.01). The sense of injustice exerted a considerable effect on PTSD symptoms (β = 0.13, s.e. = 0.03, p < 0.01). In addition, multiple indirect paths were evident, most involving grief and a sense of injustice, attesting to the complex inter-relationship of these factors in contributing to PTSD symptoms. Our findings support an expanded model of PTSD symptoms relevant to post-conflict populations, in which grief symptoms and a sense of injustice play pivotal roles. The model supports the importance of a focus on loss, grief and a sense of injustice in conducting trauma-focused psychotherapies for PTSD amongst populations exposed to mass conflict and violence. Further research is needed to identify the precise mechanisms whereby grief symptoms and the sense of injustice impact on PTSD symptoms.

Archives of the Mediterranean: Governance and Record-Keeping in the Crown of Aragon in the Long Fifteenth Century

From the late medieval period the Crown of Aragon was at the forefront of archival innovation. Culminating in the establishment of the Royal Archive of Barcelona in 1318, this development was not, as is traditionally stated, a mere imitation of external models but the result of an innovative historical process that had its roots in local history and reflected the structure of the Aragonese monarchy. As a result of the later enlargement and decentralization of the Crown, and especially after the advent of the House of Trastámara in 1414, the Aragonese developed an extensive system for record-keeping across the Mediterranean. By focusing on what I describe as a complex archival network, this article analyses a series of administrative developments, which are generally studied in isolation, as interrelated responses to similar needs across disparate and far-flung territories. The results differed within the Iberian dominions (Aragon, Majorca and Valencia) and in the Italian kingdoms of Sicily and Naples, with Sardinia somewhere in between. For all these differences, however, the establishment of a number of financial archives shows that this network had an especially crucial role in defending the royal patrimony in all the territories under the rule of the Crown of Aragon. The authorities also tried to use archives as tools for exercising pressure upon local political elites, as demonstrated, for instance, by the systematic inquiry into feudal possessions and pecuniary rights instigated by King Ferdinand II in early sixteenth-century Sicily. The outcome, however, was totally unexpected.

Interrelated responses of tomato plants and the leaf miner Tuta absoluta to nitrogen supply.

Plant-insect interactions are strongly modified by environmental factors. This studyevaluates the influence of nitrogen fertilisation on the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Santa clara and the leafminer (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Greenhouse-grown tomato plants were fed hydroponically on a complete nutrient solution containing either a high nitrogen concentration (HN) sustaining maximum growth or a low nitrogen concentration (LN) limiting plant growth. Insect-free plants were compared with plants attacked by T. absoluta. Seven and 14days after artificial oviposition leading to efficacious hatching and larvae development, we measured total carbon, nitrogen and soluble protein as well as defence compounds (phenolics, glycoalkaloids, polyphenol oxidase activity) in the HN versus LN plants. Only in the HN treatment did T.absoluta infestation slightly impair leaf growth and induce polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in the foliage. Neither the concentration of phenolic compounds and proteins nor the distribution of nitrogen within the plant was affected by T.absoluta infestation. In contrast, LN nutrition impaired T.absoluta-induced PPO activity. It decreased protein and total nitrogen concentration of plant organs and enhanced the accumulation of constitutive phenolics and tomatine. Moreover, LN nutrition impaired T.absoluta development by notably decreasing pupal weight and lengthening the development period from egg to adult. Adjusting the level of nitrogen nutrition may thus be a means of altering the life cycle of T.absoluta. This study provides a comprehensive dataset concerning interrelated responses of tomato plants and T.absoluta to nitrogen nutrition.

An Integrated Approach for Analysis of the DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Cells: NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR, DNA DAMAGE CHECKPOINT, AND APOPTOSIS

DNA damage by UV and UV-mimetic agents elicits a set of inter-related responses in mammalian cells, including DNA repair, DNA damage checkpoints, and apoptosis. Conventionally, these responses are analyzed separately using different methodologies. Here we describe a unified approach that is capable of quantifying all three responses in parallel using lysates from the same population of cells. We show that a highly sensitive in vivo excision repair assay is capable of detecting nucleotide excision repair of a wide spectrum of DNA lesions (UV damage, chemical carcinogens, and chemotherapeutic drugs) within minutes of damage induction. This method therefore allows for a real-time measure of nucleotide excision repair activity that can be monitored in conjunction with other components of the DNA damage response, including DNA damage checkpoint and apoptotic signaling. This approach therefore provides a convenient and reliable platform for simultaneously examining multiple aspects of the DNA damage response in a single population of cells that can be applied for a diverse array of carcinogenic and chemotherapeutic agents.

Online privatliv – udfordringer og mulige løsninger

This article discusses current challenges to privacy in the digital domain. It argues that in order to counter these challenges several interrelated responses are needed. First, the regulatory regime for data protection must be revised and strengthened. Second, privacy and data protection must be closely integrated into technical solutions and organizational procedures. ird, the concept of privacy must be revisited to more adequately re ect the dynamics of online life. is requires a more nuanced understanding of online practices and the internet’s characteristics as radical heterogeneous, socially complex and context-collapsing. Moreover, e ective protection of privacy rights requires that we explicitly formulate and enforce public policy norms for the internet’s core services, irrespective of whether these services are carried out by public or private actors.

Adipose tissue adaptive response to trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid engages alternatively activated M2 macrophages.

In mice, nutritional supplementation with the trans-10,cis-12 isomer of linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) promotes lipoatrophy, hyperinsulinemia, and macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue (WAT). We explored the dynamics of these interrelated responses over 2 consecutive 7 d periods of t10,c12-CLA administration and withdrawal. t10,c12-CLA down-regulated lipogenic and lipolytic gene expression and increased collagen deposition, but with no evidence of cross-linking. An abundant CD45(+) cell infiltrate, comprising prominently CD206(+)CD11c(-) macrophages, was found in WAT in association with an anti-inflammatory gene signature. Infiltration of natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells contributed to WAT's innate immune response to t10,c12-CLA. Less abundant adaptive immune cells colonized WAT, including B, NK T, γδ T, and αβ T cells. By contrast, T-regulatory cell abundance was not affected. Interruption of treatment allowed recovery of WAT mass and normalization of insulinemia, coincident with regain of WAT homeostasis owing to a coordinated reversion of genic, structural, and immune deregulations. These data revealed a striking resilience of WAT after a short-term metabolic injury induced by t10,c12-CLA, which relies on alternatively activated M2 macrophage engagement. In addition, the temporal links between variations in WAT alterations and insulinemia upon t10,c12-CLA manipulation strengthen the view that WAT dysfunctional status is critically involved in altered glucose homeostasis.

Analysis of ballast direct shear tests by discrete element method under different normal stress

The discrete element method (DEM) was applied to simulate the direct shear tests of irregular ballast stones by constructing clump particles, where irregular clumped-particles have similar particle size distribution (PSD) with those of the real ballast stone. With these clumped particles, the interlock of ballast stones in the direct shear test is investigated. The nonlinear contact force model with Mohr–Coulomb is adopted to model the interaction of the clumped particles. With different normal loads, the simulated microscopic characteristics in the direct shear test were linked with that of tests. The results demonstrate that DEM numerical simulations can produce interrelated responses of the ballast behavior, including the critical state response and are in good agreement with experimental observations. The shear resistance value increases with the normal stress application, indicating that the lateral confinement of ballast bed leading to less vertical settlement and more track stability. In addition, the DEM can further provide details of the microstructure evolutions during shearing processes.

A New Mourning: Synthesizing an Interactive Model of Adaptive Grieving Dynamics

The human grieving response is neither categorically simple, nor is it a predictable linear process. A new paradigm of adaptive grieving is emerging in the grief and bereavement research literature that validates diversity of adaptive responses among grievers, yet suggests essential interrelated components of adaptive grieving. However, theoretical models that effectively synthesize and integrate current empirical knowledge regarding the components of adaptive grieving are lacking. This article proposes the model of adaptive grieving dynamics (MAGD)—which synthesizes four types of interrelated grieving responses by their adaptive function and incorporates them as essential components of an interactive, griever-centered model.

Interrelated responses for a class of material–metamaterial: Polarization, magnetization and opposite-sign-window

For external electromagnetic perturbations with dimensionless frequency Ω we consider, respectively, the polarization for a class of Right-Handed material and its corresponding Left-Handed metamaterial. Analytically and numerically they are interrelated through a simple functional form subordinated to the frequency value. Further, magnetization variables are also connected in an analogous way. Both interrelated materials have, concerning the polarization and magnetization, opposite signs inside the window region defined around Ω~1.

Chronic allograft rejection: A significant hurdle to transplant success.

The state-of-the-art immunosuppression drugs do not ensure indefinite transplant survival, and most transplants are continuously lost to chronic rejection even years posttransplantation. This form of rejection is responsible for long-term failure of transplanted organs. The mechanisms involved in development of chronic rejection are not well-understood. One of the main features of chronic rejection is progressive luminal narrowing of graft vessels, which results in compromised blood flow, ischemia, cell death, and finally graft failure. All the existing immunosuppressive regimens are targeting acute rejection, and at present there is no available therapy for prevention of chronic rejection. Chronic rejection involves two major, but interrelated responses: The first is the host immune response against the transplant mediated primarily by alloreactive T and B cells, and the second is injury and repair of the graft (vasculopathy of graft vessels). Here we focus on recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular aspects of chronic transplant vasculopathy and function of macrophages, topics pivotal for development of novel antichronic rejection therapies.

Sequential probabilistic analytical target cascading method for hierarchical multilevel optimization under uncertainty

Probabilistic Analytical Target Cascading (PATC) is a methodology for hierarchical multilevel optimization under uncertainty. In PATC, the statisticalmoments of the stochastic interrelated responses are matched between neighbouring levels to ensure the consistency of the solution. When the interrelated response is far from normal distribution, high order moments may need to be matched in the PATC formulation, which results in great computational difficulty. To overcome this disadvantage, a sequential PATC (SPATC) approach is proposed in this paper. SPATC firstly decouples the original probabilistic design problem into deterministic optimization problem and probabilistic analysis, and then hierarchically decomposes them into subproblems. The statistical information matching between neighbouring levels in the existing PATC framework is eliminated in SPATC. All in one probabilistic analysis and hierarchical probabilistic analysis are established to calculate the probabilistic characteristic of the interrelated responses and linking variables. Three examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed SPATC approach. The results show that the SPATC approach is more efficient and accurate than PATC, especially for the multilevel design problem with non-normal interrelated responses.