Interregional Transfers Research Articles

Examining the evolution trajectory of construction and demolition waste in China: An empirical analysis based on spatial metrology and the environmental Kuznets curve

Curbing the increasing construction and demolition waste (C&DW) is critical for achieving China's goals of cleaner production and environmental sustainability. This paper based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and combining spatial econometrics with the GM (1,1) model, predicts key time points that will change the growth trend of C&DW and explores measures to reduce production. The results indicate that: (1)As of 2022, more than 87% of China's regional C&DW is unevenly distributed and agglomeration exists. More than 50% of the regions exhibit “high-high” agglomeration, which can lead to an inevitable inter-regional transfer of C&DW, but the central region has formed a “segregation zone”. (2) The evolution trajectory of C&DW shows a “growth-decline-regrowth” pattern, with points of change for regrowth occurring when GDP per capita reaches 142,914.24. Construction enterprises and consumption levels contribute significantly to C&DW, while the opposite is true for education, market competition, and transportation. (3) More than 95% of regions will experience C&DW regrowth during 2036–2040. Economic development is no longer considered to play a leading role in C&DW reduction measures. Even if the economic growth rate is increased by 10%, 30%, or even 50%, C&DW will enter the era of full-scale regrowth only three years earlier on average. This paper aims to shift the current focus of C&DW forecasting from solely on model innovation to accurately calculating the timing of future C&DW regrowth by verifying the EKC hypothesis application. This approach fills the gap in the quantitative analysis of long-term C&DW forecasting and provides new empirical cases for the theory of environmental economics. Furthermore, it addresses potential obstacles for decision-makers in achieving “zero waste cities”, thereby promoting global cleaner production and environmental sustainability.

Unveiling the dynamic flows and spatial inequalities arising from agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions

Tracing the spatial transfer and heterogeneity of agricultural methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in China is a prerequisite for the sustainable transformation of agricultural systems. In this study, we established a research framework for evaluating agricultural CH4 and N2O flows and convergence. Using this framework, we established an inventory of China's agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions calculated according to the IPCC inventory guidelines, built a food trade model to simulate the spatial transfer, and revealed the regional differences. Finally, we analyzed the influence mechanism by combining extended Kaya identity and the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) model. We found that inter-regional transfer of agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions in China have intensified, increasing from 56.14 % of total transfers in 2000 to 67.28 % in 2019. The spatial inequalities of agricultural CH4 and N2O increased, and emission intensity varied more within regions than between regions, with per capita emissions showing a club convergence with “intragroup convergence and intergroup divergence”. Although the contribution of agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions varies across provinces, controlling emissions intensity and land use intensity while maintaining GDP per capita is the key to emission mitigation. Our study provides theoretical support for prioritizing policies to mitigate agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions.

Provincial marine carbon sink transfer in China: structural drivers and key consumption pathways

The ocean is the largest carbon sink on Earth and an important pathway to China achieving carbon neutrality. From a consumption perspective, studying the capacity of marine carbon sink in each of China’s provinces and its inter-regional transfer is of great significance in harnessing the increase in ocean carbon sink driven by final demand. This article first calculates the production-side carbon sink in coastal provinces. Then, based on the 2007, 2012, 2015, and 2017 Chinese inter-regional input-output tables, each province’s consumption-side marine carbon sink is calculated. The article further examines the influencing factors and key transfer paths for the growth of marine carbon sink through Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) and Structural Path Analysis (SPA) methods. The results show that each province’s total consumption-side carbon sink continues to rise, with significant regional disparities, demonstrating a trend of higher carbon sink in coastal provinces than inland provinces. Among the nine coastal provinces, Hainan and Guangdong are in a net input state regarding carbon sink transfer, while the other seven are in a net output state. SDA results indicate that the carbon sink intensity effect and the consumption demand effect are important factors inhibiting and promoting carbon sink growth, respectively, while the influence of the input-output technical effect is weak and variable. SPA analysis reveals that carbon sink outputs are primarily transferred to the food and tobacco sector, the agricultural and forestry products and services sector, and the wood processing and furniture industry. The key transfer paths mostly occur within a province, with a relatively small proportion of interprovincial transfer paths. Based on the research findings, this article suggests steadily increasing the proportion of marine product consumption, actively expanding the value chain of shellfish and seaweed industries, continuously strengthening coordination between land and marine industries, and further promoting the domestic circulation of marine carbon sinks.

The Effect of Information About Local Demand for Redistribution on Support for Territorial Transfers Among Affluent Groups

Many multitier polities have some scheme of territorial-based redistribution, which plays a crucial role in mitigating territorial inequality. This article looks at the public opinion on inter-regional transfers and argues that: (1) perceptions of aggregate electoral support for interpersonal redistribution in the region affect support for inter-regional redistribution independently of perceptions about the region’s economic conditions and (2) perceptions of high electoral support for interpersonal redistribution among the region’s affluent can lead them to favor territorial transfers, because these transfers may work as a mechanism for local redistribution cost displacement. We test our argument using a survey experiment in which we provide information about regional economic conditions and aggregate demand for interpersonal redistribution. Our contribution highlights that the aggregate demand for interpersonal redistribution within regions is not necessarily endogenous to regions material conditions, and that the perception of this aggregate demand by the affluent affects their inter-regional redistributive preferences.

Greenhouse gas emissions of rice supply chain in China: From production to trade

Affected by climate change, food systems face enormous challenges of mismatch between competition for resources and nutritional demands. More than one third of food system emissions come from pre- and post-production. Research on emissions from food supply chains is crucial for building sustainable food systems and mitigating climate change. Rice is a major staple crop for mitigating emission risks in the food system. Based on the GHG emission accounts of rice supply chain in China from 2000 to 2020, this study analyzes the emission characteristics of rice supply chain during production, consumption, and trade, then elucidates the inter-regional transfers and inter-sectoral flows of rice emissions. This study found that non-CO2 GHGs at the production side contributes 78.56 % of total emissions of rice supply chain. Emissions of rice supply chain showed a promising downward trend of China, with the gravity center moving northward. Emission risks of inter-regional transfers were lower in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, while higher in the Northeast China Plain. Emissions of inter-sectoral flows predominantly manifest within the agriculture sector in the major rice producing areas or between the agriculture and its downstream sectors. Accordingly, this study concludes potential paths contributing to emission reduction along rice supply chain of China by improving the relationships of production and inter-sectoral and inter-regional trade. This study can provide references for building sustainable food systems under climate change.

The Long Shadow of a Major Disaster: Modeled Dynamic Impacts of the Hypothetical HayWired Earthquake on California’s Economy

We develop and apply a dynamic economic simulation model to analyze the multi-regional impacts of, and mechanisms of recovery from, a major disaster, the HayWired scenario — a hypothetical Magnitude 7.0 earthquake affecting California’s San Francisco Bay Area. The model integrates loss pathways: capital stock damage, labor supply shocks due to short-term population displacement and longer-run out-migration from damaged areas, and the exacerbating effects of damage to transportation infrastructure capital, as well as various aspects of static and dynamic economic resilience. With input substitution-based static inherent resilience and dynamic resilience in the form of optimal intertemporal and spatial investment allocation, gross output losses range from 0.5 percent to 6 percent across regions, and welfare losses are 0.4 percent statewide but can be ten times as large in hardest-hit areas. Large-scale reconstruction investment is supported by substantial interregional transfers of resources through intra-state trade. Increased output via firms engaging in the key adaptive resilience tactic of production recapture can alleviate a substantial fraction of losses—but only if upstream and downstream barriers to recovery can be lowered quickly.

Inter-regional cooperation in the transfers of energy-intensive industry: An evolutionary game approach

Transferring industries to clean energy-producing regions and improving energy efficiency are feasible and important strategies for regional control of energy consumption in energy-intensive industries of energy-rich regions. This paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model including governments of transferred-in and -out regions, and energy-intensive enterprises. This model explores the cooperation mechanism of multi-players in the inter-regional transfer of energy-intensive industries under different policies and circumstances. The results are as follows. (1) Some certain conditions create a stable equilibrium state in which governments of transferred-in and -out regions choose a cooperative strategy, and the energy-intensive enterprises choose a transfer strategy. (2) Costs are key factors influencing the transfer of energy-intensive enterprises. Also, transferred-in regions should optimize their business environment and formulate their acceptance strategy based on their current energy consumption constraint and clean energy reserve situation. (3) The policy support from governments of transferred-in and -out regions can promote the orderly transfer of energy-intensive enterprises. The findings of this paper can provide a reference to formulate policies for the transfer of energy-intensive enterprises.

Analytic Method for Optimizing the Allocation of Manure Nutrients Based on the Assessment of Land Carrying Capacity: A Case Study from a Typical Agricultural Region in China

The separation between planting and breeding results in an unbalanced distribution of the regional livestock and poultry manure (RLM) industry, and it has raised great concerns. A holistic analysis and problem-solving scheme using 72 townships as the research point was developed in this study. On the basis of a survey from a typical agricultural region in China, the local characteristics of manure discharge, land use, and crop cultivation were analyzed. The assessment of land carrying capacity and environmental risk assessment was conducted by simulating the nitrogen cycle. Afterwards, optimized livestock breeding strategies and inter-regional transfer and flow scheme of manure nutrients were proposed. The spatial distribution of RLM in terms of pig manure equivalent showed an imbalance of high north–south and low middle, and the nitrogen requirement of crops showed a decreasing trend from north to south. In some townships, the environmental risks were higher than level I, which indicated that pollution existed around large construction sites and water areas in the northwest. The land carrying capacity index calculated at 50% nutrient ratio displayed no overloaded risk, whereas 10–20% nutrient ratio exhibited overloaded risk. Assessments showed that the residual RLM and its nitrogen volume were 151,700 and 3574.64 tons per year, respectively. More than 80% of the study area could be used as a nitrogen nutrient sink area, and only six townships are nitrogen nutrient sources. Therefore, optimizing the allocation of manure nutrients is expected to avoid agricultural contamination from livestock manure.

“Black box operation” in carbon reduction: Based on empirical evidence of carbon transfer by subsidiaries of Chinese enterprises

Avoiding the transfer of “carbon” and encouraging the digestion of “carbon” are essential to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of China’s economy. In accordance with the standpoint of off-site subsidiaries, this paper examines the transfer of “carbon” from high-carbon enterprises using the data of A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2018 using a DID approach and the 2013 China carbon emissions trading pilot as a quasi-natural experiment. As demonstrated by the reach findings: (1) Part of the effect of corporate “carbon reduction” is achieved by shifting high-carbon sectors. (2) As demonstrated in mechanism analysis, when high-carbon companies face the dual cost pressure of R&D expenditure and purchasing carbon trading rights, they will establish subsidiaries to avoid the parent company’s pressure to lessen emissions. As revealed in heterogeneity analysis. (3) companies with stronger R&D capabilities and higher success rates are more willing to respond to the impact of carbon trading policies with technological upgrades. Companies with weaker R&D capabilities and higher failure rates are more likely to choose to transfer “carbon” to avoid the “dual cost” of R&D failures. (4) Owing to the constraint of the migration threshold, the trajectory of “carbon” transfer is primarily domestic interregional transfer supplemented by cross-country transfer. (5) Larger enterprises emitting more “carbon”, are not only more likely to pay more “carbon” reduction costs in the face of carbon policy shocks, are but also more likely to shift “carbon”. This study not only provides a new perspective to explain the “carbon” transfer phenomenon in China, but also provides crucial policy implications for further strengthening environmental governance as well as regional joint prevention and control in China.

PROBLEMS OF ASSESSING TRANSBOUNDARY AND INTERREGIONAL ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE

Purpose. The aim of the article is to research and adapt existing methods of assessment of transboundary and interregional transfer of pollutants in the context of the interaction of countries and individual regions within an individual country to conditions of limited input data. Methodology of research. The following scientific methods were used in the process of scientific research: methods of abstraction and generalization – for the study of theoretical foundations and existing approaches to the essence of transboundary ecological security and transboundary (interregional) atmospheric air pollution in particular; system analysis – to substantiate the simplified methodology for assessing the maximum possible dangerous impact on the atmospheric air of the region from stationary sources of atmospheric air pollution in adjacent territories; methods of analysis and synthesis – to identify adjacent territories that pose the greatest threat from the point of view of interregional atmospheric air pollution, and to assess such an impact. Findings. A distinction between the concepts of “transboundary pollution” and “interregional pollution” of atmospheric air is proposed. The use of a simplified methodology for assessing transboundary (interregional) atmospheric air pollution in the region is substantiated. Originality. An algorithm for assessing possible interregional (transboundary) atmospheric air pollution of the region based on the adaptation of existing methods is proposed. Practical value. The proposed algorithm and adapted methodology for assessing possible interregional (transboundary) atmospheric air pollution of the region can be applied at the level of all regions when developing regional programs in the direction of atmospheric air protection, at the level of interstate cooperation in the field of cross-border cooperation, as well as for the development and adoption of operational decisions with in order to quickly respond to the current situation. Key words: transboundary environmental safety, transboundary pollution, transboundary transfer of pollutants, interregional air pollution.

Public Acceptance of Regional Redistribution in Germany: A Survey Experiment on the Perceived Deservingness of Regions

AbstractMany policies target the economic and social consequences of regional inequality. This study experimentally investigates factors explaining the public degree of consent to financial transfers to disadvantaged regions. The main hypothesis of this study is that most people use the deservingness-heuristic not only to judge individuals but also to judge regions. We argue that people advocate interregional transfers based on perceived deservingness determined by recipient region’s need, lack of responsibility for the need, likelihood of reciprocity, and by a shared identity. To support this hypothesis, we conducted a factorial survey in Germany asking respondents to rate transfers to needy regions under different hypothetical conditions. We demonstrate, as predicted by the deservingness hypothesis, that consent to transfers to other regions is positively influenced by the extent of need and, in particular, past effort of the recipient region as well as by a shared identity. The results suggest that regional policies are particularly accepted when they target needs caused by factors beyond the control of recipient regions.

Tracing toxic chemical releases embodied in U.S. interstate trade and their unequal distribution

Toxic chemicals have severe impacts on ecosystem, climate change and human health, and the current toxic releases are inequitably distributed across regions. Investigating the toxic release embodied in final demand by states and income groups can reveal the responsibility transfer of different entities. In this paper, we extended the U.S. multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model with toxic chemical release data in 2017 to conduct the production- and consumption-based accounting of toxic release by each state, and the inter-regional transfer of embodied toxic release between states. In addition, this paper analyzed how the toxic releases and inter-state transfer of embodied toxic release have been driven by income groups across states. The results showed that the toxic release from production was highly concentrated on the central states and the Great Lakes Region, while the consumption-based accounting of toxic release was more equally distributed across regions in the US. The non-metallic and metallic products manufacturing sectors were the most important sectors for most states from both production and consumption-based perspectives and were also the most essential sectors for interregional flows of embodied toxic release from Great Lake Region to Southeast, Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. Our results also showed that the largest portion (41.88%) of embodied toxic releases were triggered by households’ final demand, and that the consumption of the richest 35% of households contributed to more than 50% of the total toxic chemical releases triggered by total final demand of all households.

Booster or Killer? Research on Undertaking Transferred Industries and Residents' Well-Being Improvements.

Inter-regional industrial transfers would change the economic, societal, and ecological environment of the undertaking area profoundly. Some experts have recognized the ecological and environmental problems caused by industrial transfers. However, there are few studies on whether undertaking an industrial transfer will ultimately improve the well-being of residents. There is a strong application value for exploring this issue under the domestic cycle in China. This paper uses the shift-share analysis method to measure China's inter-provincial industrial transfer from 2004 to 2019. According to the subjective and objective indicators, the article measures the level of residents' well-being. A spatial econometric model is used to empirically test the impact of undertaking transferred industries on residents' well-being and its mechanism. The results show that: 1. There is a significant spatial positive correlation between the well-being of residents at the national level. The empirical results also indicated significant spatial correlations at the level of the three major economic belts in the east, central, west, and northeast; 2. From the perspective of China as a whole, the inter-regional industrial transfer improved the well-being of the residents significantly, but the indirect negative effect reduced the total effect; 3. From the regional perspective, undertaking a transferred industry could significantly improve the well-being of residents in the central and eastern regions. However, in the northeast and western regions, it showed a serious negative effect. We should enhance the orderly transfer of industries deeply, considering the ecological and environmental capacities of the undertaking area fully and strictly limiting the inter-regional transfer of polluting industries. Only in this way could the government improve the well-being of residents in the industrial transfer-out areas and undertake areas effectively.

Electoral outcomes and local public goods provision with ex post interregional transfer

Electoral outcomes and local public goods provision with ex post interregional transfer

Quasi revenue-neutral congestion pricing in cities: Crediting drivers to avoid city centers

This paper introduces a predictive congestion pricing method in cities wherein the tolls alter from region to region. We consider a large urban network is partitioned into multiple regions each with a well-defined Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) where multiple routes exist between each origin and destination regions. The proposed cordon pricing method is designed to (i) minimize vehicles’ total time spent in the network and (ii) aim for a revenue-neutral tolling. A controller based on model predictive control (MPC) approach is proposed to determine the (possibly negative) optimal time- and region-varying tolls. The MPC controller comprises a regional MFD-based traffic model with no need of destination information and a long-short term memory neural network (LSTM-NN) to obtain an accurate estimation of inter-region transfer flows. Results of numerical experiments indicate the effectiveness of the proposed congestion pricing method to achieve the two objectives simultaneously, compared with No toll and reactive feedback controllers.

Major aspects of interregional transfer of breeding/seed innovations with export potential

Purpose. To study and rationalize the main aspects of interregional transfer of breeding/plant innovations with export potential, of synergistic interaction between science, education and commodity production for more rapid innovative development of the country's regions.
 Material and methods. The study methods were dialectical, abstract-logical, monographic, computational/constructional, economic-statistical, graphic modeling and others. The study was based on the Laws of Ukraine, regulations and guidelines on market relations in the agrarian sector and seed production; statistical data and reports of basic farms of the institute.
 Results and discussion. For timely transfer of more adapted varieties, hybrids and parental components to production, we analyzed the numbers of accessions bred at the PPI nd.a. V.Ya. Yuriev NAAS in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine in 2021. As a result, we found that in 2021 the number of the major crop accessions bred at the Institute decreased by 15 compared to 2017, while during these years most breeding innovations were in demand from grain producers.
 That is, there is no urgent need to create as many new varieties as possible, and the implementation of breeding innovations into production is gradual, with due account for producers’ wishes and the market changes. In particular, the most competitive winter wheat varieties were Rozkishna, Shulyndinka, Harmonika, Zapashna, Doskonala, and Zdobna; variety Stoir and hybrids Saturn and Yupiter were the most competitive rye accessions; Ad 256, Amos, Nikanor and Buket were the most competitive winter triticale varieties.
 Analysis of the average sales of winter crop seeds of first generations in 2017–2021 indicated their gradual overproduction, as only 60–85% of these seeds were sold.
 Regarding the production and sales of spring cereals, legumes and groats crops, we learnt that pea, millet and spring barley varieties were in the greatest demand from users of grain products (the sale percentage was 74%, 69%, and 60%, respectively). The most competitive pea varieties were Oplot and Haiduk; Modern, Avhur, and Ahrarii were the most competitive spring barley varieties; Spadshchyna and Uliublena were the most competitive spring wheat varieties; Konstantynivske, Vitrylo, and Kozatske were the most competitive millet varieties.
 Conclusions. Thus, the results of the study for the period of 2017–2021 proved the feasibility of timely transfer of breeding/plant innovations with export potential (varieties, hybrids and parental components), which is important for scientific justification of seed production volumes for each generation and is a reference point for creating more profitable varieties and hybrids.

Does labor mobility follow the inter-regional transfer of labor-intensive manufacturing? The spatial choices of China's migrant workers

There is a close interactive relationship between industrial transfer and labor mobility. Previous studies on China roughly determined whether industrial transfer and labor mobility are evolved in the same direction according to macro data, paying less attention to the analysis of mechanisms and heterogeneity. Based on the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study is the first to match data on the individual spatial selection of migrant workers with those on urban labor-intensive manufacturing transfer, use a logistic model to discuss the effects of industrial transfer on labor mobility, and reveal the heterogeneity of cities with different economic locations, as well as the heterogeneity of migrants with different educational backgrounds. The regression results show that overall, with the increase in industrial transfer-outs, the inflow probability of migrant workers increases, and decreases with the increase in industrial transfer-ins. Nevertheless, there is a significant difference in the impact of labor-intensive manufacturing transfer on the choice of labor inflows between the central and the peripheral cities of urban agglomerations, as well as other cities outside an urban agglomeration. Highly educated migrant workers are not significantly affected by labor-intensive manufacturing transfer-ins. These findings are helpful for the relevant decision making.

Quantifying trade-related carbon emission in China's provinces: Insight from sectoral production technology heterogeneity

Regional trade not only promotes economic growth but also induces inter-regional transfer of carbon emissions. To realistically evaluate the effect of regional trade on carbon emissions, this study investigates the impact of carbon intensity heterogeneity in bilateral trade sectors on regional carbon emissions based on the emission responsibility allotment principle, establishing a credit and penalty mechanism. The key points for improvement in carbon efficiency are identified from regional and sectoral perspectives to promote carbon emission reduction through bilateral trade adjustment. The results demonstrate superior trade performance in developed regions than that in less developed regions, as the former has reduced emissions (44 Mt) and emissions by the latter have increased (54 Mt). From the perspective of emission reduction, Jiangsu should increase trade with Hubei and reduce trade with Guangdong. At the sectoral level, Jilin should increase trade in the scientific research sector (9 Mt), while Jiangsu should increase trade in the construction sector (8 Mt). Moreover, the key point of sectoral carbon efficiency improvement in each region are identified using sensitivity analysis. By analyzing the impact of bilateral trade on regional carbon emission from the heterogeneity of carbon intensity in China's inter-provincial trade sector, this study provides support for strategic policymaking and collaborative regional emissions reduction to promote the advancement of China's carbon neutralization goals.

Macroeconomic policy coordination and the European business cycle: Accounting for model uncertainty and reverse causality

AbstractThis study established the relationship between macroeconomic policy coordination and business cycle synchronization, considering a dynamic panel framework that accounts for model uncertainty and reverse causality. The results show that uncoordinated fiscal policy is a source of idiosyncratic shocks, but coordinated monetary policy leads to business cycle divergence. Furthermore, ongoing monetary integration is going to be associated with lower business cycle synchronization. Establishing fiscal union can mitigate this effect by eliminating a source of asymmetric shocks associated with fiscal policy differences, and provide a substitute for independent monetary policy in the form of interregional transfers.

The restraining effect of public supervision on the interregional transfer of polluting industries under the domestic circulation

The restraining effect of public supervision on the interregional transfer of polluting industries under the domestic circulation