Interprofessional Training Program Research Articles

A Scoping Review of Interprofessional Simulation-Based Team Training Programs.

Interprofessional simulation-based team training (ISBTT) is promoted as a strategy to improve collaboration in healthcare, and the literature documents benefits on teamwork and patient safety. Teamwork training in healthcare is traditionally grounded in crisis resource management (CRM), but it is less clear whether ISBTT programs explicitly take the interprofessional context into account, with complex team dynamics related to hierarchy and power. This scoping review examined key aspects of published ISBTT programs including (1) underlying theoretical frameworks, (2) design features that support interprofessional learning, and (3) reported behavioral outcomes. Of 4854 titles identified, 58 articles met inclusion criteria. Most programs were based on CRM and related frameworks and measured CRM outcomes. Only 12 articles framed ISBTT as interprofessional education and none measured all interprofessional competencies. The ISBTT programs may be augmented by integrating theoretical concepts related to power and intergroup relations in their design to empower participants to navigate complex interprofessional dynamics.

Outcomes of an Interprofessional Opioid Training Program for Graduate Students in Nursing and Social Work

ABSTRACT Social workers and other behavioral health professionals trained to provide prevention, treatment, and recovery services for opioid use disorders (OUD) remain urgently needed in the U.S. particularly in states with widespread health professional shortage areas. To help mitigate this workforce gap, faculty in social work and nursing at a public university in Alabama developed and piloted an innovative HRSA-funded interprofessional traineeship to prepare graduate-level nursing and social work students to assess and treat opioid use disorders (OUD). The yearlong traineeship included specialized coursework on evidenced-based practice in addictions, interprofessional telemedicine and simulation training, and multi-semester field practica in outpatient treatment settings. Impact of the pilot training was evaluated using a pre-experimental one group design. Baseline and post-training surveys assessed knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to OUD and interprofessional practice and perceived program impact. Significant increases were observed for trainees’ self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Moreover, at graduation students reported that the traineeship had improved their abilities to interact with underserved populations, collaborate interprofessionally, and understand ethical issues in SUD treatment as well as enhancing their professional competence, clinical problem-solving, and health workforce skills. Findings suggest that the interprofessional training program may prepare social work and nursing graduate students to effectively serve clients with OUD and help to address a critical workforce gap in medically underserved communities.

High-consequence infectious diseases: the conception and development of a multi-disciplinary, interprofessional simulation training programme

High-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) represent a group of acute infectious diseases with the potential to impact healthcare systems and public health profoundly. Effective management requires a system-based strategy focused on early detection, initiation of infection prevention and control measures, and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Inadequate training in the safe use of HCID PPE, and lack of familiarity with key processes such as HCID waste and spills management, exacerbates the risk posed to healthcare workers (HCWs). Enhanced training opportunities are required to ensure that staff are equipped with the necessary knowledge and capabilities to protect themselves from pathogen exposure and infection. To create a bespoke interprofessional HCID simulation training programme. A detailed learning needs analysis was undertaken, which identified multiple areas amenable to educational intervention. A full-day HCID simulation programme was developed, providing HCWs the opportunity to practice and gain proficiency in various domains. Six interprofessional participants took part in the HCID simulation programme pilot. All six (100%) participants felt that the stated learning objectives had been achieved, and five and one participants found the programme to be extremely useful (83%) or very useful (17%), respectively. Following refinement based on pilot feedback, a further six courses have been run for 38 participants, of whom 97% found the programme to be extremely useful or very useful. The development of a training intervention in the low-frequency, high-risk field of HCIDs had a positive impact. Given the disproportionate impact on HCWs at times of HCID outbreaks, more investment is needed to keep the workforce upskilled.

Examining the use, confidence, and barriers to follow Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) course guides in managing obstetric emergencies in Sudan

BackgroundThe Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) course is a globally recognized interprofessional training program designed to assist healthcare professionals in acquiring and sustaining the necessary knowledge and skills to handle obstetric emergencies effectively. This survey aimed to assess the use, barriers, and confidence in using the ALSO course guidelines in managing obstetric emergencies in Sudan.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study involved 103 physicians from the Sudan ALSO group in Sudan. A structured, close-ended questionnaire was distributed electronically to the participants. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package of Social Sciences Software version 26.ResultsMore than half of the participants were specialists (54.4%). Although all respondents claimed to adhere to the ALSO guidelines for managing shoulder dystocia, a lower percentage followed them for neonatal resuscitation (75.0%) and maternal venous thrombosis management (68.9%). Only 62.1% of participants felt confident performing neonatal resuscitation. The main barriers to implementing the ALSO course guidelines were the respondents’ preference for other guidelines and their belief that the guidelines were not applicable in their specific settings.ConclusionThe majority of participants displayed a high level of confidence, indicating a positive perception of the guide's effectiveness. However, there is room for improvement, particularly in areas such as neonatal resuscitation and forceps-assisted births, where confidence levels were lower. Addressing barriers, including the preference for other guidelines and the applicability of the guide in specific settings, is crucial to ensure widespread adoption. Refresher training programs, contextual adaptations, and the integration of guidelines may help overcome these barriers and enhance the overall implementation of the ALSO guide in managing obstetric emergencies in Sudan.

IPEC Core Competencies in Action: Developing Emory’s IPE-ACTS Program through Collaborative Interprofessional Teamwork

In this “How-to,” we describe the development of IPE-ACTS (Interprofessional Education – Achieving Collaborative Team Solutions), a new required interprofessional (IPE) training program for first-year Woodruff Health Sciences Center (WHSC) students at Emory University.

Positive empowerment of Belgian GPs and practice nurses as a key element in the change towards a proactive and integrated care for persons with chronic diseases: lessons from an interprofessional blended training program

Why did we do it? (background): The growing number of people with chronic care needs is putting pressure on general practice. Coping with this pressure while keeping care accessible demands a transition to a more proactive and integrated chronic care. General practitioners and practice nurses do want to organise their care more integrated, but the hectic pace of everyday life does not make change evident. 
 What did we do? During four regional blended training days GPs and practice nurses where supported in the change process towards more integrated care for persons with chronic diseases. The main goal was to make attendees ‘Aware’ of the need for change, establish the ‘Desire’ for change, provide them with the ‘Knowledge’ and ‘Ability’ they need to achieve change, and to ‘Reinforce’ that attendees continue to work on their change. This ‘ADKAR-change model’ formed the backbone of our training program: In preparation attendees watched a short clip in which we clarified the concept of integrated chronic care and assessed to what extent their practice already provides integrated chronic care using the ACIC questionnaire based on the chronic care model. The training kicked-off with reflections on and best practices of integrated chronic care by local key figures. Then participants were divided in four workshops, each of which zoomed in on a different element of integrated chronic care: self-management support, clinical information systems for population management, interprofessional collaboration and community oriented care. The workshops were asset-based according to the method of appreciative inquiry: Led by a moderator and local expert attendees in each group identified what aspects of integrated care they are already doing, what they aspire to do further and how they can realise this ambition in their practice. Participants got acquainted with tools helpful in the process of setting up a quality improvement project. We supported participants to continue to work on their project by sending them tips and tools on a regular basis in the weeks after the training. 
 What is the learning for the international audience? By starting from energy, strength and opportunities, participants reached a perspective of possibilities, rather than impossibilities. In addition to new insights and tools they went home with an eagerness to get started with their change towards integrated chronic care. 
 
 What are the next steps? We aim to organise a follow-up training day for all participants from the different regions, where participants can share their experiences and learn from each other. Furthermore, we will use the insights from the training days to align new training programs with the needs of GPs and practice nurses. 
 Who did we engage with? This program is unique as it is a cocreation between research project 'SCUBY Belgium' of the University of Antwerp and Domus Medica, the scientific professional organisation of family doctors in Flanders. We realised the local character of the study days by collaborating with key figures from the region as well as experts from both the Flemish universities and colleges.

Towards a better understanding of goal oriented care by means of co-creating an interprofessional training program with experts by experience

The literature defines transitional care as the coordination and continuity of care during the transition from one health care setting to another or to home. Referred to as transition of care, between health care professionals and settings, as their condition and care needs change during the course of a chronic illness, acute illness or acute admission. In this scenario, the transition of care from hospital to home carries a number of risks of adverse events and poor care continuity. Therefore, daily technologies such as wearables and smart devices can support the improvement of interventions as they can collect up-to-date daily data from patients, helping to gain an in depth understanding of the real situation and their healthcare needs, improving the transition care process. 
 The aim of this research, integrated in VITALISE Project (H2020.GA101007990), is to identify and explore the needs, barriers and challenges of transitional care by involving different stakeholders in different participating countries. In Spain 3 patients, 2 carers and 7 health professionals participated in co-creation sessions with a person-centred approach addressing the topic of using ICT tools to gather information/data to support the transitional care process (hospital discharge process and recovery at home) and to collect information on current practices in transitional care processes (from hospital to home).
 Two sessions with patients, carers and with professionals, aimed to understand the different perspectives on each profile, enriching the comments and contributions. Two facilitators with experience guiding accessible co-creation sessions ensured each participant had a space for participation. The sessions were distributed in four blocks: 1) understanding the current practice in transitional care; 2) experience in the use of smart devices and digital tools; 3) understanding the barriers, difficulties and challenges in using digital tools in this process and 4) what the ideal role of technology would be. 
 As a finding, during the patients and carers session participants highlighted that there should be a protocol for the transition process but that it is currently not established and it all depends on how ""fortunate"" you are. They appreciate the advantages given by the health system in their respective country, but they do not agree with the organisational set-up or with some specific actions. Regarding technology, they mostly accept technology in transition processes and believe that it can bring many benefits helping to improve (as long as it is not used to replace human care). On the other hand, professionals use technology in their work on a daily basis and have a very broad view of its impact on people's experiences and its acceptability. Finally, beyond the benefits for the user, professionals take advantage of these technologies to improve individual care and systematise the collection of information. Overall, the inclusion of digital technologies is accepted in integrated and transitional care processes, when adapted to the users and not the other way around. These findings are key for the preparations of the small-scale studies phase “Digital Biomarkers for Supporting Transitional Care Decisions: Protocol for a Transnational Feasibility Study” [JMIR Res Protoc.2022Jan19;11(1):e34573.doi:10.2196/34573].

HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE TRAINEES’ ATTITUDES ABOUT AGING AND OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Ageism is pervasive in healthcare. It costs billions of healthcare dollars and results in earlier patient mortality and decreased quality of life. Existing research highlights the prevalence of ageist attitudes among health and social care practitioners, but there is a dearth of research regarding attitudes of trainees toward older adults. The present study utilized the Fraboni Scale of Ageism to examine attitudes of health and social care trainees participating in geriatric interprofessional training programs. Participants completed an electronic survey prior to the didactic portion of the program. Seventy-seven surveys were completed between November 2022 and June 2023. Results revealed a nuanced understanding of older adults’ contributions, particularly regarding creativity, social and political engagement, and the richness of their accumulated life experiences. Positive sentiments were evident regarding interactions and participants acknowledged the self-management capacities of older adults, encompassing personal hygiene and other aspects of independent living. Notably, findings underscore substantial support for creation of inclusive spaces. Overall, a person-centric understanding of older adulthood was evident in the results; less than 20% of trainees expressed a negative perception of older adults/later life to any given question. Recognizing the significance of bridging intergenerational perception disparities to counter ageism, this research contributes to a foundational understanding of younger generations’ awareness of aging. Given the contrast to existing research regarding attitudes of practitioners toward older adults, these results emphasize the importance of fostering opportunities for intergenerational dialogue and activities to maintain an attitude of inclusivity and empathy that underscores a person-centered approach to healthcare.

Engagement of Older Adults Receiving Home Care Services and Their Caregivers in Health Decisions in Partnership With Clinical Teams: Protocol for a Multimethod Study to Prioritize and Culturally Adapt Decision Aids for Home Care.

Older adults (people aged 65 years and older) face many difficult decisions. Patient decision aids (PtDAs) can help them and their families make informed value-congruent decisions. Some PtDAs have been developed for the home care context, but little is known about scaling them for use with older adults in a different culture. This study aims to (1) assess the scalability of existing PtDAs for older adults in the home care context; (2) prioritize those that best match the decisional needs of older adults in home care; and (3) culturally adapt the prioritized PtDAs so they can be scaled successfully to the Quebec health care system. This multimethod study includes 3 phases. All phases will be overseen by a steering committee of older adults, caregivers, health professionals, decision makers, community organization representatives, and researchers with the needed expertise. In phase 1, we will use the Innovation Scalability Self-administered Questionnaire, a validated scalability self-assessment tool, to assess the scalability of 33 PtDAs previously identified in a systematic review. Based on their scalability, their quality (based on the International Patient Decision Aids Standards), and the importance of the decision point, we will retain approximately a third of these. In phase 2, we will conduct a 2-round web-based Delphi to prioritize the PtDAs selected in phase 1. Using a snowball recruitment strategy, we aim to recruit 60 Delphi participants in the province of Quebec, including older adults, caregivers, health professionals, decision makers involved in home care services, and PtDA experts. In the first round, we will ask participants to rate the importance of several PtDA decision points according to various criteria such as prevalence and difficulty on a 5-point Likert scale (1=not important to 5=very important). Approximately 6 of the highest-rated PtDAs will be retained for presentation in the second round, and we will select up to 3 PtDAs judged as having the highest priority for cultural adaptation. In phase 3, using the Chenel framework and user-centered design methods, we will update and adapt the PtDAs to the Quebec health care system and integrate these PtDAs into an interprofessional shared decision-making training program for home care teams. The adapted PtDAs will respect the International Patient Decision Aids Standards criteria. This study was funded in March 2022 by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Data collection for the web-based Delphi began in October 2023. Results are expected to be published in May 2024. This project will provide relevant and culturally appropriate decision support tools for older adults making difficult decisions and their home care teams that will be ready for scaling across the province of Quebec. PRR1-10.2196/53150.

Effectiveness and feasibility of an interprofessional training program to improve patient safety-A cluster-randomized controlled pilot study.

Interprofessional healthcare teams are important actors in improving patient safety. To train these teams, an interprofessional training program (IPTP) with two interventions (eLearning and blended learning) was developed to cover key areas of patient safety using innovative adult learning methods. The aims of this study were to pilot test IPTP regarding its effectiveness and feasibility. The trial was registered with DRKS-ID: DRKS00012818. The design of our study included both a pilot investigation of the effectiveness of the two interventions (eLearning and blended learning) and testing their feasibility (effectiveness-implementation hybrid design). For testing the effectiveness, a multi-center cluster-randomized controlled study with a three-arm design [intervention group 1 (IG1): eLearning vs. intervention group 2 (IG2)]: blended learning (eLearning plus interprofessional in-person training) vs. waiting control group (WCG) and three data collection periods (pre-intervention, 12 weeks post-intervention, and 24 weeks follow-up) was conducted in 39 hospital wards. Linear mixed models were used for the data analysis. The feasibility of IPTP was examined in 10 hospital wards (IG1) and in nine hospital wards (IG2) using questionnaires (formative evaluation) and problem-focused interviews with 10% of the participants in the two intervention groups. The collected data were analyzed in a descriptive exploratory manner. Pilot testing of the effectiveness of the two interventions (eLearning and blended learning) showed no consistent differences between groups or a clear pattern in the different outcomes (safety-related behaviors in the fields of teamwork, error management, patient involvement, and subjectively perceived patient safety). Feasibility checks of the interventions showed that participants used eLearning for knowledge activation and self-reflection. However, there were many barriers to participating in eLearning, for example, lack of time or access to computers at the ward. With regard to in-person training, participants stated that the training content sensitized them to patient-safety-related issues in their everyday work, and that awareness of patient safety increased. Although the interventions were judged to be feasible, no consistent effects were observed. A possible explanation is that the duration of training and the recurrence rate may have been insufficient. Another conceivable explanation would be that participants became more sensitive to patient safety-critical situations due to their knowledge acquired through the IPTP; therefore, their assessment post-intervention was more critical than before. In addition, the participants reported high pre-measurement outcomes. Future studies should examine the evidence of the intervention within a confirmatory study after adapting it based on the results obtained.

Evalution of the simulation-based interprofessional emergency obstetric team training program given to midwifery and first and emergency students

Evalution of the simulation-based interprofessional emergency obstetric team training program given to midwifery and first and emergency students

Nursing home geriatric rehabilitation care and interprofessional collaboration; a practice-based study

BackgroundFrailty and multimorbidity are common among patients in geriatric rehabilitation care (GRC). Proper care of these patients involves multiple professionals which requires optimal interprofessional collaboration to provide the best possible support. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) goes beyond multi-professional collaboration. It requires professionals to think beyond the expertise of their own discipline and work on joint outcomes in which the patient is actively involved. This study describes the development of the GRC teams of an elderly care organization towards the IPC.MethodsMixed method pre-post study of 15 months. The interprofessional training program comprised team trainings, webinars, and online team sessions. Data was aggregated by administering the Extended Professional Identity Scale (EPIS) and QuickScan Interprofessional Collaboration (QS) measurements to GRC staff and by observations of the multi-professional team consultation (MPC) meetings of six GRC teams of an organization for elderly care in Drachten and Dokkum in the Netherlands. ADL independence (Barthel Index) and number of inpatient days were analyzed before and after the project.ResultsPretest healthcare professional response was 106, patients for analyses was 181; posttest response was 84, patients was 170. The EPIS shows improvement on “interprofessional belonging” (P = .001, 95%CI: 0.57–2.21), “interprofessional commitment” (P = .027, 95%CI: 0.12–1.90), and overall “interprofessional identity” (P = .013, 95%CI: 0.62 − 5.20). On the QS, all domains improved; “shared values” (P = .009, 95%CI: 0.07 − 0.47), “context” (P = .005, 95%CI: 0.08 − 0.44), “structure & organization” (P = .001, 95%CI: 0.14 − 0.56), “group dynamics & interaction” (P < .001, 95%CI: 0.18 − 0.58), and “entrepreneurship & management” (P = .039, 95%CI: 0.01 − 0.48). A qualitative analysis of the reflection responses and MPC observations indicate a shift from multi-professional to more IPC. Differences in ADL over time were not statistically significant. The mean number of inpatient days was reduced by 11.8 (P < .001, 95%CI: -17.34 - − 6.31) days.ConclusionsWithin the GRC teams, there was a shift observed to more IPC and better representation of the patient’s wishes and needs. ADL independence did not change, yet we found a statistically significant decrease in the number of inpatient days. The basis for IPC was well established, however, it remains necessary that the teams continue to develop and invest in the collaboration with each other and the patient to further improve it.

Development of an Interprofessional Small Bowel Placement Training Program

Development of an Interprofessional Small Bowel Placement Training Program

Antidepressant Prescription Behavior Among Primary Care Clinician Providers After an Interprofessional Primary Care Psychiatric Training Program

Primary care providers (PCPs) are increasingly called upon to screen for and treat depression. However, PCPs often lack the training to diagnose and treat depression. We designed an innovative 12-month evidence and mentorship-based primary care psychiatric training program entitled the University of California, Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine Train New Trainers Primary Care Psychiatry (TNT PCP) Fellowship and examined whether this training impacted clinician prescription rates for antidepressants. We retrieved information on 18,844 patients and 192 PCPs from a publicly insured health program in Southern California receiving care between 2017 and 2021. Of the 192 PCPs, 42 received TNT training and 150 did not. We considered a patient as exposed to the provider’s TNT treatment if they received care from a provider after the provider completed the 1-year fellowship. We utilized the number of antidepressant prescriptions per patient, per quarter-year as the dependent variable. Linear regression models controlled for provider characteristics and time trends. Robustness checks included clustering patients by provider identification. After PCPs completed TNT training, “exposed” patients received 0.154 more antidepressant prescriptions per quarter-year relative to expected levels (p < 0.01). Clustering of standard errors by provider characteristics reduced precision of the estimate (p < 0.10) but the direction and magnitude of the results were unchanged. Early results from the UCI TNT PCP Fellowship demonstrate enhanced antidepressant prescription behavior in PCPs who have undergone TNT training. A novel, and relatively low-cost, clinician training program holds the potential to empower PCPs to optimally deliver depression treatment.

Just-in-time interprofessional training: lessons from the NHS Nightingale London

The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed significant pressure on healthcare systems across the globe, with many clinicians redeployed in unfamiliar specialties or disciplines. In England, a just-in-time interprofessional training and education programme was rapidly established to upskill nearly 2,500 people who volunteered to work at the NHS Nightingale London Hospital. Of the 488 respondents in our evaluation, representing a 20% response rate, most felt confident and safe to start work in NHS Nightingale London. Key findings were: streaming of learners should be driven by predicted shared roles in the workplace and previous experience; in situ training to experience how teams work together in the real clinical setting was well received; and online learning should be focused on essential learning. A just-in-time interprofessional training programme can be effective in upskilling and redeploying healthcare staff in emergency situations, and can be useful for supporting staff redeployment or upskilling across the NHS more widely.

Team training for interprofessional insight, networking and guidance (T&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;IPING) points

We investigated the impact of a health sciences centre-wide, high-fidelity, simulation-based interprofessional team training program on participants’ knowledge, skills and attitudes towards teams and teamwork. Senior medical, nurse anaesthesia and allied health profession students participated in dual-scenario, simulation-based, interprofessional team training sessions with immediate debriefings about team-based competencies (2015–2017). Pre- and post-intervention, students completed the Interprofessional Teamwork (IPT) questionnaire and the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS). Observers and students rated team performance using the Teamwork Assessment Scales (TAS). Descriptive statistics were determined for IPT and RIPLS items and TAS subscales; student Students from five health professions participated ( A health sciences centre-wide high-fidelity, simulation-based, interprofessional team training program improves students’ team-based behaviours, teamwork attitudes and interprofessional learning attitudes. Widespread adoption of such large-scale team training programs has the potential to improve teamwork among healthcare providers over time.

Everybody Copes: An Interprofessional Workshop on Stress, Coping, and Helping Primary Care Patients Manage Medical Stressors.

The value of psychological principles has become apparent in medical settings, especially with the rise of patient-centered care. We aimed to provide a curriculum informing medical providers about the theoretical basis and clinical utility of the social-cognitive model of stress and coping. This workshop was delivered to an interprofessional team of faculty and trainees. Our initial pedagogical approach was to relate the concepts of cognitive appraisals and coping strategies to participants' own stress responses. We then used didactic presentation and small-group activities to explore ways to promote adaptive coping with patients to improve health outcomes. Learners participated in a mindfulness exercise, conceptualized coping strategies given a hypothetical case scenario, and, in small groups, role-played a patient encounter to construct an effective coping repertoire for the patient. Participants completed a prework self-assessment and workshop evaluation form. The 2.5-hour workshop had 48 participants from five professions (medicine, education, physician assistant, pharmacology, psychology). We received 35 evaluations (73% response rate). Learners reported increased real-world skills (M = 8.0 out of 10) and feeling better prepared for working in interprofessional settings (M = 7.6 out of 10). Qualitative feedback suggested that participants recognized the importance of individual differences in coping with stress and felt they could categorize strategies into emotion- or problem-focused coping. This workshop provided participants with basic knowledge about the social-cognitive model of stress and coping and allowed them to practice newly learned skills in a role-play as an interprofessional medical care team.

Interprofessional Training on Substance Misuse and Addiction: A Longitudinal Assessment of a Brazilian Experience.

the evaluation was carried out longitudinally using mixed methods (questionnaires (n = 29-177) and semistructured interviews (n = 28)). The participants were current workers from public institutions of health, education, social assistance, justice, and security system who attended the training. Data were collected at the beginning, the end, and one year after the end of the training. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed for quantitative data and thematic content analyses for qualitative data. professionals who attended the training enhanced their understanding of substance-related issues, reduced stigma, changed their attitude, and improved their networking among the different services providing care to users. The main characteristics related to these outcomes were the interprofessional and biopsychosocial approach, and the experiential activities developed during the training. Most participants reported difficulties in implementing changes in their work routine, but those in managerial roles have reported having more autonomy to carry out such changes. the mixed methods converged in terms of their results. The training promoted a better understanding of issues related to substance use disorders, reduced stigma and expanded the repertoire of skills. The interprofessional and biopsychosocial approach and field activities seem to be related to these outcomes. The potential for implementing changes in daily practice was prominent among those occupying a managerial role.

Special Issue Introduction: Addressing Healthcare Inequities in Intellectual Disability and Developmental Disabilities.

Special Issue Introduction: Addressing Healthcare Inequities in Intellectual Disability and Developmental Disabilities.

Effectiveness of interprofessional communication skills training for oncology teams: study protocol for a three-arm cluster randomised trial (KommRhein Interpro)

IntroductionPatient–provider communication is an important factor influencing the quality of care in oncology. The study examines the comparative effectiveness of a 10-hour interprofessional communication skills training (CST) programme for physicians...