Interpretation Of Categories Research Articles

Drug susceptibility testing of Nocardia spp. using the disk diffusion method

BackgroundDrug susceptibility testing (DST) for Nocardia spp. is essential to initiate effective antibiotic therapy. Currently, the only recommended technique is the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by microdilution. This method can be tedious to perform, despite the availability of ready-to-use plates. Herein, the aim was to determine the critical inhibition diameters specific to Nocardia spp.MethodsMICs of 134 Nocardia isolates were determined by microdilution. Interpretative categories (Susceptible/Intermediate/Resistant) were determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints. In parallel, disk diffusion DST was performed. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the inhibition diameter value that best discriminated between susceptible and non-susceptible strains (intermediate/resistant). The category agreement (CA), the rate of major (maj) and very major (vmj) discrepancies between microdilution and disk diffusion method was calculated.ResultsFor tobramycin, the critical diameter of 19 mm (diameter ≤ 19 mm = resistant strain; diameter > 19 mm = susceptible strain) provided a CA of 98.5%, 0.0% vmj, and 2.9% maj discrepancies, reaching strictly the acceptable performance criteria defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). For amikacin, the critical diameter of 25 mm (diameter ≤ 25 mm = resistant strain; diameter > 25 mm = susceptible strain) provided a CA of 98.5%, 0.0% vmj, and 1.5% maj discrepancies. For imipenem, excluding N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica, the critical diameter of 29 mm (diameter ≤ 29 mm = resistant strain; diameter > 29 mm = susceptible strain), provided a CA of 98.6%, 0.0% vmj, and 0.0% maj discrepancies. Despite an estimated vmj rate 0.0%, the 95%-confident-interval exceeded the FDA criteria due to an insufficient number of amikacin/imipenem-resistant strains. For other tested antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, linezolid), the FDA criteria were not reached.ConclusionsAlthough the FDA criteria were mostly unmet, disk diffusion DST was suitable to accurately categorize Nocardia isolates into interpretative categories for the aminoglycosides and imipenem only, excluding species N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica.

E-Module Teaching Materials Based on Heyzine Flipbook on the Meaning of NKRI for Grade IV Elementary School

Currently, there are still many students who do not understand the Pancasila and Citizenship Education learning material. This is due to the lack of digital learning media to facilitate students' independent learning of PPKn. This research aims to develop a Civics e-module based on the Heyzine flipbook on the Meaning of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) material for Class IV Elementary School. This type of research is R & D (Research and Development) development research. The development model in this research uses the ADDIE model. The research subjects were 1 media expert and 1 material expert. This small group trial was conducted on four students from class IV elementary school. The methods used to collect data are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The instruments used to collect data are validation sheets, questionnaire sheets, and test questions. The data analysis techniques used in this research are quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The research results, namely the assessment by material experts, obtained 87.50%, and media experts obtained a score of 84.09% with very good criteria. Evaluation of the effectiveness of use through the N-gain test obtained a score of 67.1% with moderate criteria, and the interpretation category was quite effective. Assessing responses via student questionnaires obtained an average score of 93% with very good criteria. It was concluded that e-modules are very suitable for use and can improve student learning outcomes in Pancasila and Citizenship Education subjects.

Introducing the legacies and trajectories of trauma to the archival field

Trauma as a concept, a signifier and a frame has become increasingly visible in archival theory and praxis in recent years. A shift that is perhaps unsurprising given that society at large appears to have embraced trauma as a major interpretative category for our age. The recent spotlight on trauma can also be linked to accompanying movements in our discourse as we have begun to unpack and theorise the affective dimensions of records work and have moved towards more person-centred approaches. While the recent introduction of trauma-informed approaches to our field is a welcome development in many ways, this article seeks to critically engage with the Western concept of trauma to expose its intellectual lineages and the social and moral economies that have shaped its emergence in different spheres; and highlight how archival studies discourse on trauma is shaped in relation to different branches of Western trauma discourse. This article argues that as archivists and records workers adopt the language of trauma from adjacent arenas as an explanatory and transformative frame, it is vital that we do so in possession of an understanding of trauma’s conceptual legacies and in conversation with broader affective, liberatory and reparative framings. The article is written in the spirit of becoming truly ‘trauma-informed’.

Pengaruh Kegiatan Ekstrakulikuler Keagamaan Terhadap Pemahaman Siswa Tentang Pendidikan Agama Islam SMP N 1 Padangratu

Schools often organize non-formal activities to enhance students' understanding of Islamic religious education, which often receives limited time in the classroom. This underscores the need for greater attention to religious education, as it is an integral part of the school curriculum. This research aims to evaluate the impact of extracurricular religious activities on students' understanding of Islamic Religious Education at SMP N 1 Padangratu Lampung Tengah. The method employed in this study is quantitative, utilizing data collection methods such as Observation, Documentation, and Questionnaires. Data analysis involves summarizing, presenting, drawing conclusions, and verifying data validity. The research findings indicate a significant correlation between extracurricular activities and the improvement of students' understanding of PAI, with an "r" value of 0.418, considered quite strong in the interpretation category.

IMPLEMENTASI AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) DI PERGURUAN TINGGI MENGGUNAKAN UJI-T BERPASANGAN

Today, higher education faces growing challenges in integrating technology to enhance unique and innovative student learning experiences. One technology that has been in the spotlight in recent years and is very widely used today is Augmented Reality (AR). Considering that currently, there are still many students who have difficulty understanding learning concepts well, have difficulty applying the material studied in everyday life, it is hoped that the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in higher education can be a solution. Augmented Reality (AR) can change the way students view learning as well as its extensive use which can also be felt by all elements of the academic community at universities as tertiary institutions. Thus, this research aims to find out how much influence the use of Augmented Reality (AR) has in universities, namely lecturers, students and universities. The method used in this research is paired t-test. From the research results, it is known that the application of Augmented Reality (AR) has a significant effect in higher education with an effectiveness value of 70% which is included in the interpretation category of effectiveness as quite effective

Linguistic specifics of the category of interpretation in English-language news media texts

Linguistic specifics of the category of interpretation in English-language news media texts

Comparison of available methods to evaluate cefiderocol susceptibility in Acinetobacter spp

Recently, considerable uncertainty has arisen concerning the appropriate susceptibility testing for cefiderocol in gram-negative bacilli, particularly in the context of its application to Acinetobacter spp. The optimal method for assessing the susceptibility levels of Acinetobacter spp. to cefiderocol remains a subject of debate due to substantial disparities observed in the values obtained through various testing procedures. This study employed four minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methodologies and the disk diffusion to assess the susceptibility of twenty-seven carbapenem resistant (CR)-Acinetobacter strains to cefiderocol. The results from our study reveal significant variations in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained with the different methods and in the level of agreement in interpretation categories between the different MIC methods and the disk diffusion test. Among the MIC methods, there was relatively more consistency in reporting the interpretation categories. For European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints, the categorical agreement (CA) for MIC methods ranged between 66.7 and 81.5%. On the other hand, the essential agreement (EA) values were as low as 18.5–29.6%. The CA between MIC methods and disk diffusion was 81.5%. These results emphasize the need for a reliable, accurate, and clinically validated methodology to effectively assess the susceptibility of Acinetobacter spp. to cefiderocol. The wide variability observed in our study highlights the importance of standardizing the susceptibility testing process for cefiderocol to ensure consistent and reliable results for clinical decision-making.

Quality of palliative and end-of-life care: a qualitative study of experts’ recommendations to improve indicators in Quebec (Canada)

BackgroundIn 2021, the National Institute of Public Health (INSPQ) (Quebec, Canada), published an update of the palliative and end-of-life care (PEoLC) indicators. Using these updated indicators, this qualitative study aimed to explore the point of view of PEoLC experts on how to improve access and quality of care as well as policies surrounding end-of-life care.MethodsSemi-directed interviews were conducted with palliative care and policy experts, who were asked to share their interpretations on the updated indicators and their recommendations to improve PEoLC. A thematic analysis method was used.ResultsThe results highlight two categories of interpretations and recommendations pertaining to: (1) data and indicators and (2) clinical and organizational practice. Participants highlight the lack of reliability and quality of the data and indicators used by political and clinical stakeholders in evaluating PEoLC. To improve data and indicators, they recommend: improving the rigour and quality of collected data, assessing death percentages in all healthcare settings, promoting research on quality of care, comparing data to EOL care directives, assessing use of services in EOL, and creating an observatory on PEoLC. Participants also identified barriers and disparities in accessing PEoLC as well as inconsistency in quality of care. To improve PEoLC, they recommend: early identification of palliative care patients, improving training for all healthcare professionals, optimizing professional practice, integrating interdisciplinary teams, and developing awareness on access disparities.ConclusionsResults show that PEoLC is an important aspect of public health. Recommendations issued are relevant to improve PEoLC in and outside Quebec.

The importance of a semantic approach in understanding the texts of the Holy Quran and Sunnah

The relevance of the study is determined by contemporary ideas of modernisation and radicalisation of Islam, the formation of which is directly linked to the problem of interpreting the sacred texts of the Muslim world. Therefore, the aim of the research work is to determine the veracity of applying linguistic and semantic approaches to the interpretation of the Holy Quran in order to find new ways of regulating the socio-cultural space. The research was conducted on the basis of the semantic, cultural, semiotic and formal-logical approaches, using such methods of scientific knowledge as induction, deduction, linguistic analysis, systematisation, comparison, synthesis and generalisation. In the course of the research work, key narratives of contemporary Islam were analysed in terms of their specific understanding of the Holy Quran. The current state of research into the interpretation of the sacred texts of Islam is reviewed. The specifics of understanding the Holy Quran in the context of its metaphorical constructions are explored. The relationship between the linguistic structure of the Arabic language and the interpretations of the texts of the holy injunctions has been established, on the basis of which two ways of investigating the understanding of the Quran have been proposed. A comparative analysis of the research findings with other research findings in the category of modern interpretation of the Quran and Sunnah has been conducted. The trend towards digitalisation of the sacred texts of Islam, as well as the use of artificial intelligence technologies to interpret the ayahs, has been noted. The practical significance of the research work lies in proposing new methodologies for interpreting sacred texts, which can then be qualitatively applied in practice.

Edukasi Partisipatif Tentang Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu Bagi Masyarakat Sebagai Upaya Untuk Melestarikan Hutan Kalimantan

This community service aims to increase community knowledge around Special Purpose Forest Areas (KHDTK) regarding non-timber forest products (HHBK) and increase community awareness and participation in maintaining and utilizing forest products sustainably. The method of implementing this service used participatory-based education. Evaluation of activities used questionnaire instruments and pretest-posttest analysis. To determine the effectiveness of using the service method, use the normalized gain score and the N-Gain effectiveness interpretation category. The results of this service showed that educational activities about HHBK for the community around the KHDTK area of Tanjungpura University, which were carried out in Simpang Kasturi Village were quite effective. The knowledge of the Simpang Kasturi Village community about HHBK increased by 61.4% after educational activities were carried out. People were increasingly aware of the importance of protecting and preserving forests, especially forest areas in Simpang Kasturi Village.

DIRECT: Dual Interpretable Recommendation with Multi-aspect Word Attribution

Recommending products to users with intuitive explanations helps improve the system in transparency, persuasiveness, and satisfaction. Existing interpretation techniques include post-hoc methods and interpretable modeling. The former category could quantitatively analyze input contribution to model prediction but has limited interpretation faithfulness, while the latter could explain model internal mechanisms but may not directly attribute model predictions to input features. In this study, we propose a novel D ual I nterpretable Rec ommenda t ion model called DIRECT, which integrates ideas of the two interpretation categories to inherit their advantages and avoid limitations. Specifically, DIRECT makes use of item descriptions as explainable evidence for recommendation. First, similar to the post-hoc interpretation, DIRECT could attribute the prediction of a user preference score to textual words of the item descriptions. The attribution of each word is related to its sentiment polarity and word importance, where a word is important if it corresponds to an item aspect that the user is interested in. Second, to improve the interpretability of embedding space, we propose to extract high-level concepts from embeddings, where each concept corresponds to an item aspect. To learn discriminative concepts, we employ a concept-bottleneck layer, and maximize the coding rate reduction on word-aspect embeddings by leveraging a word-word affinity graph extracted from a pre-trained language model. In this way, DIRECT simultaneously achieves faithful attribution and usable interpretation of embedding space. We also show that DIRECT achieves linear inference time complexity regarding the length of item reviews. We conduct experiments including ablation studies on five real-world datasets. Quantitative analysis, visualizations, and case studies verify the interpretability of DIRECT. Our code is available at: https://github.com/JacksonWuxs/DIRECT .

To Speak with the Other—To Let the Other Speak: Paul Celan’s Poetry and the Hermeneutical Challenge of Mitsprechen

This essay explores the notion of Mitsprechen or “with-speaking” in Paul Celan’s poetry. “With-speaking” supposes that voices in the poems actively participate and engage in a dialogue that goes beyond traditional hermeneutic frameworks. Celan’s notion of col-loquy, distinct from the conventional sense of dialogue, challenges the separation between author and interpreter, rendering the traditional concept of intertextuality inadequate. The poems, according to Celan, give voice to human destinies, making texts audible as the voices of others. This vocal dimension of Celan’s poetry has prompted extensive discussion among philosophers, particularly in France. Levinas, Blanchot, and Derrida, influenced by German phenomenology and hermeneutics, critically examine the ethical implications of speaking “about” the other. They challenge traditional hermeneutical practices, emphasizing the responsibility of interpreters to respect the unique and untranslatable character of individual voices. This critique extends to Protestant categories of interpretation, drawing on alternative Jewish perspectives on being-in-the-world and alterity. The text explores the tensions inherent in speaking “for” or “in the name of” others, especially in the context of interpreting Celan’s work, raising questions about maintaining the fundamental difference and distance that otherness implies. The discussion concludes by highlighting Werner Hamacher’s formulation of a new philology that disrupts hermeneutical violence, influenced by the critiques of Blanchot, Levinas, and Derrida, and offering an alternative way of addressing the particular challenges posed by Celan’s poetry.

A network approach for multiscale catchment classification using traits

Abstract. The classification of river catchments into groups with similar biophysical characteristics is useful to understand and predict their hydrological behavior. The increasing availability of remote sensing and other large-scale geospatial datasets has enabled the use of advanced data-driven approaches to classify catchments using traits such as topography, geology, climate, land cover, land use, and human influence. Unsupervised clustering algorithms based on the Euclidean distance are commonly used for trait-based classification but are not suitable for highly dimensional data. In this study we present a new network-based method for multi-scale catchment classification, which can be applied to large datasets and used to determine the traits associated with different catchment groups. In this framework, two networks are analyzed in parallel: the first being where the nodes are traits and the second being where the nodes are catchments. In both cases, edges represent pairwise similarity, and a network cluster detection algorithm is used for the classification. The trait network is used to investigate redundancy in the trait data and to condense this information into a small number of interpretable categories. The catchments network is used to classify the catchments into clusters and to identify representative catchments for the different groups using the degree centrality metric. We apply this method to classify 9067 river catchments across the contiguous United States at both regional and continental scales using 274 non-categorical traits. At the continental scale, we identify 25 interpretable trait categories and 34 catchment clusters of sizes greater than 50. We find that catchments with similar trait categories are typically located in the same region, with different spatial patterns emerging among clusters dominated by natural and anthropogenic traits. We also find that the catchment clusters exhibit distinct hydrological behavior based on an analysis of streamflow indices. This network approach provides several advantages over traditional means of classification, including better separation of clusters, the use of alternate similarity metrics that are more suitable for highly dimensional data, and reducing redundancy in the trait information. The paired catchment–trait networks enable analysis of hydrological behavior using the dominant trait categories for each catchment cluster. The approach can be used at multiple spatial scales since the network topologies adjust automatically to reflect the trait patterns at the scale of investigation. Finally, the representative catchments identified as hub nodes in the network can be used to guide transferable observational and modeling strategies. The method is broadly applicable beyond hydrology for classification of other complex systems that utilize different types of trait datasets.

Extent of Electronic Gadget Usage in Learning English and Reading Comprehension of Grade Six Pupils

In an age where digital technology is deeply ingrained in our lives, children are becoming more immersed in electronic gadgets, often at the expense of traditional reading. Thus, this study sought to determine and understand how the proliferation of electronic gadget usage of the Grade 6 pupils of Loon South Central Elementary School impacts the level of their reading comprehension. With gadgets becoming a ubiquitous presence in their lives, this study aims to determine the significant relationship between the extent of electronic gadget usage of the respondents and the respondent’s level of reading comprehension in applied, literal and interpretive category. The descriptive survey research design was used within the study. Findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between the extent of electronic gadget usage and level of reading comprehension. This means that the amount of time children spent in using electronic gadgets does not affect the level of their reading comprehension. Thus, students are capable of maintaining their comprehension skills, regardless of their screen time.

Текстоментальные категории евангельской притчи (на материале немецкого и русского языков)

The research aims to demonstrate how textmental categories (sacral-religious analysis and sacral-religious interpretation) manifest themselves in the text of the Gospel parable. The paper examines the functioning characteristics of the textmental categories of sacral-religious analysis and sacral-religious interpretation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in identifying the expression features of sacral-religious analysis and sacral-religious interpretation processes in a comparative aspect within the text of the Gospel parable using the material in German and Russian. The research findings indicate that sacral-religious analysis, being the explication of the understanding process through referential multiplication, reveals the images and symbols of the Gospel parable drawn from everyday life, which are perceived as doctrinal truths and wise teachings. Sacral-religious interpretation through metaxyvization specifies the distinctive perspective images in the text of the Gospel parable generated by points of view as its spiritual idea. Serving as an embodiment of reflective contemplation (theatation), sacral-religious interpretation of the Gospel parable transcends the framework of the presented worldly vision and translates it to a transcendental level.

“#ESSACONTANÃOÉMINHA” ativismo online e engajamento nas redes sociais digitais

Abstract This paper seeks to better understand the production of meanings in the context of online activism. Based on an interpretative and exploratory qualitative investigation approach, we seek to examine the path of the activist campaign “Cedae, this bill is not mine”, by the organization Meu Rio, in the context of the crisis of water supply to the metropolitan population of Rio de Janeiro, in early 2020. The study analyzes different strategies for mobilization and engagement in digital social networks and interprets the interpretation of people, from a web of interactions in search of meanings. The investigation takes place under the aegis of a larger interpretive category, sustainability, as the transformations that one wants to see in the world depend on actions that involve social mobilization for change. Activism thus reveals itself as an emerging and fundamental activity for the design and expansion of communication practices in sustainable development.

External validation of the Brain Tumour Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) in the multidisciplinary managementof post-treatment gliomas.

To independently and externally validate the Brain Tumour Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) for post-treatment gliomas and assess interobserver variability. In this retrospective observational study, consecutive MRIs of 100 post-treatment glioma patients were reviewed by two independent radiologists (RD1 and RD2) and assigned a BT-RADS score. Inter-observer agreement statistics were determined by kappa statistics. The BT-RADS-linked management recommendations per score were compared with the multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) decisions. The overall agreement rate between RD1 and RD2 was 62.7% (κ = 0.67). The agreement rate between RD1 and consensus was 83.3% (κ = 0.85), while the agreement between RD2 and consensus was 69.3% (κ = 0.79). Among the radiologists, agreement was highest for score 2 and lowest for score 3b. There was a 97.9% agreement between BT-RADS-linked management recommendations and MDM decisions. BT-RADS scoring led to improved consistency, and standardised language in the structured MRI reporting of post-treatment brain tumours. It demonstrated good overall agreement among the reporting radiologists at both extremes; however, variation rates increased in the middle part of the spectrum. The interpretation categories linked to management decisions showed a near-perfect match with MDM decisions.

Rozpaczając jak Skandynawowie – estetyka romantyczna Karin Boye i Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej

In Romantic aesthetics there is an interpretive category of the poetry of the cultures of the North – including the Scandinavians, who were familiar with the “poetry of the night and the graves” – which expressed ferocity, gloom, harshness, melancholy, internal tensions. Maria Janion repeatedly referred to the parallel between Polish and Scandinavian literatures, writing: “It is good that there are despairing Scandinavians in the world.” This article will focus precisely on the aesthetics of Romantic “existential despair” and “gender despair” in the context of the poetry created by a Swedish woman, Karin Boye, and a Polish woman, Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska, with particular emphasis on their last poems, written in the late 1920s and early 1930s. And although they do not create in the Romantic era – they implement Romantic aesthetics in their poetic program.

The Holy Spirit’s Eternal Procession in the Book of Revelation: Theological Interpretation in Pro-Nicene Perspective

Abstract Interpreting the book of Revelation requires careful exegesis on its own, but exegetical issues multiply when one attempts to draw out its pneumatology. Through theological interpretation and pro-Nicene categories, this article will demonstrate one way to understand the book of Revelation’s contribution to an articulation of the Holy Spirit’s eternal procession.

Adaptation of Multi-Faceted Psycholinguistic Models for Research in Neuroscience

This article focuses on the methodological framework of modern anthropocentric linguistics, an emerging interdisciplinary field of research. With new interdisciplinary research objects that cannot be analyzed within a single discipline or paradigm, it is important to adopt a research logic based on interdisciplinary cognitive attitudes and adapt the established scientific concepts accordingly. Here, we review the main interdisciplinary research objects, such as communication and language ability, and explain how they can be parameterized. Communication, as an adaptive behavior of a social human, can be explored through the interpretive categories of autopoiesis theory to build a model of a communicant for further experimental verification. Language ability can be effectively studied with the help of experimental research tools that analyze speech in emotionally stressful situations and identify patterns in the verbalization of emotions. These experimental data can be obtained by an association experiment, in which the associative field is understood as a constitutive element of the association-verbal network segment defining the rules of knowledge processing. The research tools and objects discussed in this article can be useful in medical practice, particularly in the diagnosis of speech disorders by detecting the stages of speech production and comprehension in which the deviations occur. Research problems that require further investigation include the development of models explaining the instability of word meaning, the formulation of universal psycholinguistic principles of sense production, and the discovery of a correlation between sense production and somatic processes.