Interpersonal Stressful Events Research Articles

On the relationship between mind perception and social support of chatbots.

The social support provided by chatbots is typically designed to mimic the way humans support others. However, individuals have more conflicting attitudes toward chatbots providing emotional support (e.g., empathy and encouragement) compared to informational support (e.g., useful information and advice). This difference may be related to whether individuals associate a certain type of support with the realm of the human mind and whether they attribute human-like minds to chatbots. In the present study, we investigated whether perceiving human-like minds in chatbots affects users' acceptance of various support provided by the chatbot. In the experiment, the chatbot posed questions about participants' interpersonal stress events, prompting them to write down their stressful experiences. Depending on the experimental condition, the chatbot provided two kinds of social support: informational support or emotional support. Our results showed that when participants explicitly perceived a human-like mind in the chatbot, they considered the support to be more helpful in resolving stressful events. The relationship between implicit mind perception and perceived message effectiveness differed depending on the type of support. More specifically, if participants did not implicitly attribute a human-like mind to the chatbot, emotional support undermined the effectiveness of the message, whereas informational support did not. The present findings suggest that users' mind perception is essential for understanding the user experience of chatbot social support. Our findings imply that informational support can be trusted when building social support chatbots. In contrast, the effectiveness of emotional support depends on the users implicitly giving the chatbot a human-like mind.

Relationship between privileged self in interpersonal sensitivity/privileged self-depression and interpersonal stress events -Focusing on perspective-taking and social skills-

Relationship between privileged self in interpersonal sensitivity/privileged self-depression and interpersonal stress events -Focusing on perspective-taking and social skills-

Bullying Victimization effects Interpersonal Stress Events in Adulthood Posttraumatic Growth Resilience and Secondary Victimization in the Long-Term Effects of Bullying

Bullying Victimization effects Interpersonal Stress Events in Adulthood Posttraumatic Growth Resilience and Secondary Victimization in the Long-Term Effects of Bullying

Social and general anhedonia in adolescents: Stability and associations with other symptoms.

Recent works have developed two self-report measures of general and social anhedonia for adolescents. Little is known about the relative stability of these constructs and their associations with psychopathological symptoms over time. A total of 694 Chinese adolescents aged 14-16 years (74.6% girls) completed measures of anhedonia at two time points 1 year apart. General anhedonia was assessed using the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale while social anhedonia was assessed using the Adolescent Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale. General and social anhedonia significantly increased over time, F(1, 693) =16.54, p < .001, η2 = 0.02; F(1, 693) =27.31, p < .001, η2 = 0.04. Greater depression (b = -0.10, p = .006), suicidal ideation (b = -0.55, p < .001), generalized anxiety (b = -0.28, p = .012), social anxiety (b = -0.28, p = .002), and interpersonal stressful events (b = -0.20, p = .035) were associated with greater social anhedonia. Suicidal ideation was associated with general anhedonia (b = 0.29, p = .004). Higher positive schizotypal personality was associated with less general and social anhedonia (b = -0.18, b = 0.16, all p < .001) whereas higher negative schizotypal personality was associated with greater general and social anhedonia (b = 0.34, b = -0.58, all p < .001). This finding suggests that anhedonia is an increasing trend during adolescence. The relationship between anhedonia and psychopathology was specific to social anhedonia.

Peer relationships and stress: Indirect associations of dispositional mindfulness with depression, anxiety and loneliness via ways of coping

IntroductionAdolescents higher in the trait of dispositional mindfulness report fewer socioemotional problems. Focusing on the domain of peer stressors, we tested a model of adolescents’ mindfulness as a resource that undergirds more constructive stress coping responses, in turn resulting in fewer socioemotional problems. MethodThe participants were 361 Australian secondary school students (40% boys; ages 11 to 18; M = 14.9 years; SD = 1.4). Each completed a questionnaire to report four facets of dispositional mindfulness; engagement and disengagement coping and involuntary stress responses to recent peer interpersonal stressful events; and socioemotional problems of loneliness, social anxiety, and depression. ResultsAdolescents who reported more dispositional mindfulness, including facets of awareness, describing, non-judgement and non-reactivity, were lower in involuntary peer stress responses, disengagement coping, loneliness, social anxiety, and depression; associations of mindfulness facets with engagement coping were mixed. Mediational path models showed that almost all the significant negative associations of dispositional mindfulness with loneliness, social anxiety and depression were fully indirect via peer stress coping responses. Further, an alternative model, which tested whether loneliness, social anxiety and depression were the instigators of stress coping responses via mindfulness, had an adequate but poorer fit. ConclusionAs hypothesized, the benefit of adolescents' dispositional mindfulness for reducing loneliness, social anxiety and depression seems to be indirect, with positive peer stress coping responses key mediators in these indirect pathways. It is less likely that the alternative occurs, whereby adolescents’ socioemotional problems are the foundation for mindfulness and peer stress coping responses.

Reciprocal effects of neuroticism and life stress in adolescence

Background: Stressful life experiences and personality can influence one another. Personality may contribute to the amount and type of stress individuals experience, which is referred to as a selection effect. Life stress may also impact one's personality, which is referred to as a socialization effect. It was hypothesized that neuroticism would predict increased chronic and episodic stress (selection effect) and that chronic and episodic stress would predict increased neuroticism (socialization effect).Methods: The current study investigated selection and socialization effects of neuroticism and life stress over a three-year period in 627 adolescents. Life stress data were examined in terms of duration (chronic versus episodic) and type (interpersonal versus non-interpersonal). Episodic stress data were examined as dependent or independent.Results: The results from ten cross-lagged panel models provided some evidence for significant selection and socialization effects depending on stress type. Over three years, we observed that neuroticism increases interpersonal chronic stress and non-interpersonal stressful events (selection effects) and that dependent non-interpersonal stressful events and chronic stress increase neuroticism (socialization effects).Limitations: Study limitations include a lack of a lifespan perspective and a statistical approach that does not differentiate between- from within-person variance.Conclusions: Findings suggest the value of attending to stress response as well as targeting neuroticism in prevention and intervention approaches in adolescents.

The role of goal and meaning in life for older adults facing interpersonal stress

Interpersonal stressful events (ISE) have been shown to be potent predictors of major depressive symptoms among older adults. This study examines the relationships between recent ISE and depressive symptoms in late life and explores whether having coping cognitive resource (e.g. finding meaning and goal in life) can buffer the effects of ISE on depressive symptoms for older adults. We utilized a sample of residents in Florida retirement communities (N = 588) who participated in a long-term-panel study using yearly assessments for six years. Additionally, we modeled within-person differences in ISE and depressive symptoms simultaneously with multilevel modeling. Then, we tested the moderating effect of coping resource (i.e. meaning in life and goal in life) in the association between ISE and depressive symptoms. We found that the mean level of ISE is associated with higher depressive symptoms and lower life satisfaction. In addition, higher levels of within-person meaning and goal buffered the negative effect of ISE on depressive symptoms for older adults. Similarly, within-person meaning and goal also attenuated the negative effect of ISE on life satisfaction.

Longitudinal Study on the Effect of Interpersonal Sensitivity/Privileged Self on Interpersonal Stress Events and Depression

Longitudinal Study on the Effect of Interpersonal Sensitivity/Privileged Self on Interpersonal Stress Events and Depression

The Mediating Effects of Emotional Support and Self-compassion on the Relationships between Loneliness Caused by Interpersonal Stress Events and Post-adversity Growth

The Mediating Effects of Emotional Support and Self-compassion on the Relationships between Loneliness Caused by Interpersonal Stress Events and Post-adversity Growth

Associations of borderline personality disorder traits with stressful events and emotional reactivity in women with bulimia nervosa.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits are common among those with bulimia nervosa (BN). However, how these traits impact the state experience of precipitants of BN behavior, such as stressful events and emotional reactivity, has not been determined. Thus, the purpose of this naturalistic study was to examine this trait-state association in BN. Women with DSM-IV BN (N = 133) completed a baseline measure of personality pathology traits, and subsequently recorded their affective state and the frequency and perception of 3 types of stressful events (interpersonal, work/environment, and daily hassles) several times per day for 2 weeks using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Pearson correlations assessed the associations between BPD traits (affective lability, identity problems, insecure attachment, and cognitive dysregulation) and (a) frequency of stressful events and (b) perception of stressful events. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to evaluate the relationship between BPD traits and changes in negative affect following stressful events. Results revealed that while all traits were significantly associated with perceived stressfulness, certain BPD traits were significantly associated with the frequency of stressful events. Individuals with higher trait insecure attachment experienced larger increases in negative affect following interpersonal stressful events. These findings suggest that interventions focused on addressing stressful events and enhancing adaptive emotional responses to interpersonal events may be particularly useful for a subset of individuals with BN with BPD-related personality characteristics, including insecure attachment, affective lability, and identity problems. (PsycINFO Database Record

Childhood socioeconomic status and childhood maltreatment: Distinct associations with brain structure

The present study examined the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES), childhood maltreatment, and the volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala between the ages of 25 and 36 years. Previous work has linked both low SES and maltreatment with reduced hippocampal volume in childhood, an effect attributed to childhood stress. In 46 adult subjects, only childhood maltreatment, and not childhood SES, predicted hippocampal volume in regression analyses, with greater maltreatment associated with lower volume. Neither factor was related to amygdala volume. When current SES and recent interpersonal stressful events were also considered, recent interpersonal stressful events predicted smaller hippocampal volumes over and above childhood maltreatment. Finally, exploratory analyses revealed a significant sex by childhood SES interaction, with women’s childhood SES showing a significantly more positive relation (less negative) with hippocampus volume than men’s. The overall effect of childhood maltreatment but not SES, and the sex-specific effect of childhood SES, indicate that different forms of stressful childhood adversity affect brain development differently.

曖昧さに対する態度と抑うつの関連性の素因ストレスモデルによる検討

This study examined whether attitudes towards ambiguity and interpersonal stress events in a diathesis-stress model predicted changes in depression. Sixty-seven female college students were asked to answer the Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale (ATAS), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). After one month, they were asked to complete the Scale of Interpersonal Stressor (SIS), and SDS. We measured SDS twice in order to investigate residual change of depression. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the interaction term of negative attitudes toward ambiguity and interpersonal friction significantly predicted changes in depression. Simple slope analysis showed that participants who did not have negative attitudes toward ambiguity and experienced a higher degree of interpersonal friction showed significantly lower reductions in depression scores than those who experienced a lower degree of interpersonal friction. But the other interaction terms were not significant. These results suggest that the diathesis-stress model was not supported and that attitudes towards ambiguity were not sufficient to consider as a diathesis for depression.

A Practical Intervention to Promote Senior High School Students’ Interpersonal Stress Coping (Postponed-solution Coping) in order to Reduce Their Stress Responses

Senior high school students who belong to a brass band club were trained to promote effective interpersonal stress coping in order to reduce their stress responses. They were instructed to use postponed-solution coping when confronted with interpersonal stress events and to keep a diary of whether they used postponed-solution coping each day for two weeks. At three times (before the training shortly after the training and 21 days after the training) 21 students as the training group and 21 students as the control group completed questionnaires regarding interpersonal stress coping and stress responses. Contrary to the previous study (Kato, 2005; Taniguchi 2013ab) students in the training group used postponed-solution coping as frequently as control students shortly after training. Both the trained students and the controls reported lower stress responses at 21 days after the training than before the training.

反芻・省察を変動させる対人ストレスイベントの種類

反芻・省察を変動させる対人ストレスイベントの種類

Cognitive Vulnerabilities Amplify the Effect of Early Pubertal Timing on Interpersonal Stress Generation During Adolescence

Early pubertal timing has been found to confer risk for the occurrence of interpersonal stressful events during adolescence. However, pre-existing vulnerabilities may exacerbate the effects of early pubertal timing on the occurrence of stressors. Thus, the current study prospectively examined whether cognitive vulnerabilities amplified the effects of early pubertal timing on interpersonal stress generation. In a diverse sample of 310 adolescents (M age = 12.83 years, 55 % female; 53 % African American), early pubertal timing predicted higher levels of interpersonal dependent events among adolescents with more negative cognitive style and rumination, but not among adolescents with lower levels of these cognitive vulnerabilities. These findings suggest that cognitive vulnerabilities may heighten the risk of generating interpersonal stress for adolescents who undergo early pubertal maturation, which may subsequently place adolescents at greater risk for the development of psychopathology.

行使意図を明確にしたコーピング尺度の開発と妥当性の検討

This study developed the coping scale for interpersonal stress events, and evaluated its validity. This scale is composed of the following subscales based on the goals of the coping: problem-focused coping, emotion-focused behavioral coping, and emotion-focused cognitive coping. Based on previous research, a pilot study was used to construct scale items, considering the goals of coping to reduce measurement error. In study 1 (N=348), the validity of the scale was examined using several statistical analyses. Study 2 (N=182) and study 3 (N=161) report correlations between the coping scale for interpersonal stress events and several theoretically relevant scales. Based on these results, it was concluded that the scale and subscales are valid for measuring interpersonal stress coping.

Development and Study on the Validity of the Coping scale on Interpersonal stress events.

Development and Study on the Validity of the Coping scale on Interpersonal stress events.

Assertion and Interpersonal Stress in university students Focus on 3types of Self-expression

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among types of self-expression, interpersonal stress events, and stress responses in the first-year university students. An assertive-checklist, an interpersonal stress events scale and a stress response scale was administered to 175 first-year university students. On this basis, a cluster analysis on the scores of self-reported assertive-checklist, students were divided into 3 groups, nonassertive, assertive, and aggressive. The results of analysis of variance revealed that the assertive participants had the lowest interpersonal stress events and stress responses. On the other hand, the aggressive students had the highest interpersonal stress events and stress responses. These results suggested that type of self-expression was related to interpersonal stress events and stress responses.

Generation of Interpersonal Stressful Events

This study developed two specifications of the social skills deficit stress generation hypothesis: the “gender-incongruence” hypothesis to predict peer victimization and the “need for autonomy” hypothesis to predict conflict with authorities. These hypotheses were tested in a prospective large population cohort of 2,064 Dutch young adolescents. Social skills and pubertal timing were measured when the sample was about 11 years old, and stressful life events were measured 2.5 years later at follow-up. As predicted by the gender-incongruence hypothesis, poor assertion in boys and poor self-control in girls were associated with peer victimization. Consistent with the need for autonomy hypothesis, poor self-control was associated with conflict with authorities, in both boys and girls. Furthermore, early physical maturation exacerbated the effect of poor self-control on conflict with authorities for both genders. These specific associations provide more insights in the pathways that result in the experience of interpersonal stressors in young adolescents.

高校生の主張性の４要件と友人関係における行動および適応との関連

This study examines the relationship between four components of assertiveness ("open expression", "control of emotion", "consideration for others" and "self-direction") and interpersonal behaviors on friends, interpersonal stress events, social anxiety. A questionnaire which included scales to measure the four components of assertiveness, activities with friend, considerate behavior for friends, interpersonal stress events and social anxiety was completed by 177 high school students. The results showed that "self-direction" had curvilinear relations with considerate behavior for friends, interpersonal stress events. An excessively high score for "self-direction" was associated with fewer considerate behavior and interpersonal stress events. An optimum score for "self-direction" was associated with more considerate behavior and interpersonal stress events.