Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

Moderated serial mediation effects of adaptation problems, academic stress, and interpersonal relationships on the sleep quality of early-year university students

PurposeDue to heightened anxiety levels, sleep disorders become more prevalent among university students. This study, centered on adaptive capacity in early-year university students, aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms through which anxiety affects sleep quality.MethodsBetween February 2023 and June 2023, a cohort of first- and second-year university students (mean age 18.8 years) from Hunan Province, China, took part in an online survey. Anxiety was assessed using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale; adaptation problems, academic stress, and interpersonal relationships were assessed using the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist; and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A moderated serial mediation model, based on Hayes’ Model 92, was used to assess the hypothesized model.ResultsThe survey resulted in 3,490 valid responses. Among respondents, 24% exhibited anxiety symptoms and 30.4% showed abnormal sleep patterns (i.e., PSQI score ≥ 8). The most significant path identified based on indirect effects was anxiety (β = 0.109), adaptation problems (β = 0.183), academic stress (β = 0.081), and sleep quality (all p-values < 0.001). Furthermore, interpersonal relationships moderated the effects of adaptation problems (β = −0.015, p < 0.001), academic stress (β = −0.012, p < 0.001), and anxiety (β = 0.003, p = 0.002) on sleep quality.ConclusionElevated anxiety and sleep disorders are common among university students. Adaptive capacity may play a crucial role in sleep disorders among early-year university students. Interventions such as fostering strong interpersonal relationships in campus environments, may prove beneficial in improving academic performance and sleep quality.

Effects of emotional intelligence on physical activity engagement and the mediating roles of achievement motivation and interpersonal relationship in Chinese undergraduate students

BackgroundEngaging in physical activity has been demonstrated to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, bone health, and cardiometabolic health. However, it is concerning that more than 80% of students globally do not meet the recommended standard of at least 1 h of physical activity per day. It is imperative to enhance student involvement in physical activities.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) on undergraduate students’ physical activity engagement (PAE), to elucidate the mediating role of achievement motivation (AM) and interpersonal relationships (IR).MethodsA stratified whole-sample was used to survey 810 university students (19.84 ± 1.40 years). The scale items were designed to assess the participants’ EI, PAE, AM, and IR based on the correlation scale. SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the mediating effect.Results and conclusionThe results demonstrated a positive effect of EI on AM and PAE (β = 0.29, p < 0.001; β = 0.28, p < 0.001). Furthermore, AM was found to have a positive effect on PAE (β = 0.07, p < 0.05). Notably, AM mediated between EI and PAE. In conclusion, our findings provide further insight into the effect of EI on undergraduate students’ PAE, and reveal the mediating role of AM.

Validation of the Psychometric Properties of the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory in the University Population

This study aimed to validate the psychometric properties of the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI) within the context of the university population in Ecuador. The CRSI measures how individuals manage interpersonal conflicts, a critical skill for university students. A sample of 746 university students from various institutions across Ecuador participated in the study. The CRSI, which categorizes conflict resolution styles into five types (competing, avoiding, accommodating, collaborating, and compromising), was translated and culturally adapted for the Ecuadorian context. Psychometric analyses, including factor analysis and reliability testing, were conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the inventory. The factor analysis supported the five-factor structure of the CRSI, confirming that the inventory is suitable for measuring distinct conflict resolution styles in this population. The inventory showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.70 for all subscales. Additionally, the test–retest reliability indicated stability over time. The validated CRSI provides a robust instrument for understanding and improving conflict resolution skills among university students in Ecuador, contributing to better interpersonal relationships and academic environments.

How do emoticons affect youth social interaction? The impact of emoticon use on youths online interpersonal interactions

Emoticons are non-verbal symbols that are employed during online interactions, and they constitute an integral component of online interpersonal communication. The influence of emoticons on the online interpersonal interactions of young people was investigated through in-depth interviews with 25 young people who utilize emoticons to a moderate or significant extent. The study identified three key aspects through which the impact of emoticons on youth’s online social interactions is manifested. Firstly, this is reflected in the level of emotion and meaning conveyed. The utilization of emoticons by young people has, to a certain extent, rectified the contextual limitation of “embodied absence” in online virtual social interaction. Secondly, this is reflected in young people’s recognition of emoticons. The use of emoticons by young people in online social interactions has led to the formation of a distinct “emoticon community.” This phenomenon not only facilitates the development of a more profound social identity among young people in online social interactions but also contributes to the expansion of the adolescent network, resulting in the emergence of a novel “social divide.” Thirdly, the use of emoticons by young people can be seen to contribute to a sense of alienation. As young people become increasingly reliant on emoticons, their influence is gradually extending from the digital realm to the physical world, impacting the normal social interactions of young people in real life. Emoticons have gradually become a means of facilitating young people’s online socialization, but they have also had the unintended consequence of limiting their normal social interaction. The deterioration of online interpersonal communication among young people is a key factor in the symbolic generalization and alienation of expression in the use of emoticons by this demographic.

Effect of the ActivaMotricidad Program on Improvements in Executive Functions and Interpersonal Relationships in Early Childhood Education

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the impacts of a comprehensive physical exercise program with cognitive involvement during the school day on the executive functions and interpersonal skills of 5- and 6-year-old children. Methods: A total of 68 children participated in a 3-week pre–post intervention. Results: The results showed significant improvements in executive functions and interpersonal skills under the experimental conditions compared to the control group. These positive effects were observed to persist after a three-week follow-up. Conclusions: Therefore, the ActivaMotricidad program, which focuses on developing fundamental motor skills through cognitive, cooperative, and coordinative challenges, can serve as a useful and low-cost tool to achieve the objectives of comprehensive development and sustainability for children in early childhood education.

Pendekatan Efektif dalam Manajemen Konflik di Madrasah

This research aims to examine the sources of conflict and strategies implemented by madrasa heads in managing conflict at MTs Al Washoya, Ngoro, Jombang. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data was collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews and document analysis, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the source of the conflict and the madrasa head's strategy in resolving it. The results of the research show that the source of conflict arises from the first internal factor, the absence of teachers without notification and the lack of attendance of most teachers at meetings. Secondly, the unequal distribution of tasks has resulted in excessive workload for some teachers and staff. The third issue is interpersonal relations. Some teachers felt offended when they were reprimanded by picket teachers. The strategy used by madrasah heads in handling conflict is by carrying out several stages, namely analysis of the level of conflict that occurs, including identifying the characteristics of the conflict, the type of conflict, its causes and the actors involved. Next, identify the source of the problem, to understand the roots of the conflict that occurs. Then the conflict resolution process involves summoning the conflicting party for questioning and giving a personal warning. Lastly, carry out an evaluation by communicating with the parties in conflict to ensure that the solution provided resolves the conflict

ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS IN TAYLOR JENKIS REID’S NOVEL MALIBU RISING

This research aims to identify the types of illocutionary speech acts found in the main characters' utterances in Taylor Jenkins Reid's novel Malibu Rising. Using Searle’s theory of illocutionary acts, the study examines the contextual meanings behind these acts. A qualitative descriptive methodology was applied, focusing on character dialogues as data. Data collection involved reading and analyzing dialogues, selecting utterances containing illocutionary acts. Analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s framework, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion/verification. Results reveal that the main characters' utterances incorporate five types of illocutionary acts: representatives, directives, declaratives, commissives, and expressives, with directives and expressives being predominant. The research underscores the role of competitive and conflicting speech acts in character interactions, demonstrating how these acts advance the narrative and depict social dynamics. Findings suggest that illocutionary acts in Malibu Rising illustrate internal states, facilitate social interactions, and navigate interpersonal relationships. This study offers insights into the pragmatic functions of language in literature, enhancing understanding of how speech acts reflect real-life communication and contribute to character development and narrative structure. Future research could build on these findings by examining illocutionary acts in various literary genres and comparing their use across different authors and themes.

NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN ANDREA HIRATA’S NOVEL LASKAR PELANGI

This research delves into the intricate portrayal of negative politeness strategy in Andrea Hirata's novel Laskar Pelangi. Employing linguistic politeness theory by Brown and Levinson and a structuralism approach, the study aims to elucidate the connection between linguistics and literature within the novel's context. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, the text is analyzed, focusing on instances of negative politeness strategies employed by characters in various social interactions. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, 53 instances of negative politeness strategies are identified in the novel. The literature review underscores the significance of negative politeness for maintaining rapport and respect in social interactions, particularly in contexts prone to imposition or conflict. Extracted examples from the novel illustrate how characters utilize negative politeness to navigate complex social dynamics and preserve harmonious relationships within their community. The findings reveal cultural nuances embedded in politeness strategies, reflecting Indonesian societal norms and values. Characters in Laskar Pelangi employ indirect speech acts, hedging language, and deferential expressions to mitigate threats to others' autonomy or comfort, contributing to the narrative's tone of warmth and sincerity. Overall, this research highlights the integral role of negative politeness strategies in shaping character interactions and reflecting cultural values in Laskar Pelangi. By employing these strategies, characters negotiate social hierarchies and navigate interpersonal relationships while demonstrating respect and consideration for others.

POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN WEDNESDAY ADDAMS’ UTTERANCES: MAINTAINING SELF-IMAGE AND OTHERS’ AMIDST REJECTION

Communication is a form of bridge to convey thoughts between one individual and another. Every person must have their measure of being polite and harmonious according to who they are dealing with, including Wednesday Addams. This pragmatic research scrutinizes the politeness strategies employed by Wednesday Addams, the lead female protagonist in the Netflix series Wednesday. The character Wednesday Addams utilizes politeness strategies to maintain public and self-image during interactions while solving a murder case. Using descriptive qualitative methods, the researchers found that Wednesday frequently used bald on-record strategies with straightforward speech without being threatening. In contrast, off-record strategies were used less frequently. The researchers also observed that Wednesday used all the politeness strategies outlined by Brown and Levinson (1987). This study highlights the significance of politeness, not only for interpersonal relationships but also for achieving long-term goals, as demonstrated in the “Wednesday” series. However, further studies could provide additional perspectives and challenge the findings presented in this study.

Beliefs and Violent Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships of Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Beliefs are information-processing structures formed along an individual’s developmental pathway. Beliefs can legitimize involvement in inappropriate or violent behaviors, particularly when they crystallize into cognitive schemas. While beliefs aid individuals in interpreting the surrounding world, overly rigid and inflexible beliefs can constrain the individual’s ability to process available information. This Systematic Review, carried out according to the PRISMA norms and guidelines, aims to understand the most prevalent beliefs regarding relationships among young adults and to examine their associations with violent or deviant behaviors. Articles included in this review were retrieved from the EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases in July 2022, resulting in a total of 594 studies, which were subsequently screened by two independent reviewers. A total of 51 studies were then selected for full reading, but 36 were excluded based on pre-defined eligibility criteria, leaving a final sample of 18 studies published between 2014 and 2022. The main objectives, country of origin, instruments used, sample composition and age, main results and conclusions were extracted from each study. Findings point toward the presence of related and legitimate beliefs about violence in intimate relationships, domestic violence, sexual violence, acceptance of the rape myth, or consent to engage in sexual activities.

Flattering or embarrassing your boss? An integrated perspective on newcomers' ingratiation, supervisors' responses, and work outcomes

SummaryIngratiation seems to be extremely useful in the initial stage of interpersonal interaction. Recently, scholars have drawn attention to the role of ingratiation in the special context of newcomer socialization, arguing that ingratiation can help newcomers build a positive image in the work setting. In this research, we first propose that two types of ingratiation—excessive ingratiation and seamless ingratiation—can be distinguished and develop a measurement instrument for them. Second, based on affective events theory, we explore how newcomers' excessive ingratiation and seamless ingratiation lead to different socialization outcomes by stimulating distinct emotional and behavioral responses from their supervisors. The results of two experiments and a multisource weekly survey conducted for 10 consecutive weeks reveal that newcomers' excessive ingratiation triggers supervisors' embarrassment and interaction avoidance, and ultimately hinders newcomer socialization; in contrast, seamless ingratiation evokes supervisors' pride and information sharing and ultimately promotes socialization outcomes. Supervisor narcissism weakens the relationship between excessive ingratiation and embarrassment but strengthens the relationship between seamless ingratiation and pride. Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.

Māori ancestral knowledge of communication

Emerging from a need for culturally grounded speech-language therapy in Aotearoa (New Zealand), this study examined Māori (Indigenous people of New Zealand) values and perspectives on communication held within a data set of 2,669 pepeha (ancestral sayings). Analysis of literal translations, context, literary features, and philosophical meanings led to identification of 368 sayings relevant to communication. Thematic analysis of these sayings resulted in eight themes: (a) āhuatanga karere (message and messenger characteristics), (b) mana reo (power and influence of language), (c) reo ā-tinana (body language), (d) te whē (sound), (e) tohu (signs, instructions, marks, visions, omens), (f) whakarongo (listening, hearing, obeying), (g) whanaungatanga (relationships), and (h) whatumanawa (open expression of emotion). These themes identify a holistic view, beyond interpersonal interactions, emphasising the interconnectedness of the human, spiritual, and natural worlds in ancestral communication. Findings contribute a deeper understanding of traditional Māori communication and add to the foundations guiding culturally grounded therapeutic approaches.

Elevating Facial Expression Detection: Empowered by VGG-19 and Weight-Normalized Gradient Boost Algorithm

Facial expression recognition termed as FER, is one of the vital tasks which is able in mimicking the human ability and wellness. Face expression and other gestures delivered via face are some of the important aspects of conveying non-verbal communications which plays a vital role in interpersonal relations. This domain has a higher scope of research due to enhancing computer vision and human-computer interaction. With respect and consideration to these domain interest, DL has gained a reasonable approach in performing FER. Some of the state-of-art approaches encompassing the ML approaches have faced several cases of laybacks such as overfitting, computational complexity, less adaptable to higher and big datasets. Thus, considering these laybacks and in achieving accurate FER in aspects of bringing proximal levels of FER, the current approach deployed DL methods for both feature extraction from the input image and in classifying them. Deep multi-level feature extraction is performed using the VGG-19 model and Weight Normalized gradient boosting algorithm is adapted for classifying these expressions using the FER13 dataset. This dataset constitutes the input images, which are in ranges of 28,709 sample image data and about 3,589 image data for test. These input images are initially pre-processed for obtaining better accuracy rates when performing feature extraction and classifications. The complete model in effective FER is evaluated using the performance metrics comprising Accuracy (98%), Recall (99%), F1-score (98%) and the precision rates (97%). This analysis of the performance will aid in affirming the overall efficacy of the proposed system.

NCOG-06. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SOCIAL DISABILITY IN THE CHRONIC POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOMAS

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with low-grade gliomas may have no obvious problems during hospitalization or their initial return to social life; however, social life difficulties may gradually become more apparent long after the surgery. We investigated factors associated with social disabilities in patients with low-grade gliomas in the postoperative chronic phase. METHODS The study included 114 patients with WHO grade 2 or 3 gliomas who underwent surgery (mean age, 44.3±13.2 years). Seventy-six patients underwent an initial surgery and 38 underwent a second surgery. All patients underwent various brain functional assessments and interviews about their social lives over 1 year after the surgery (median, 23 months). Factors associated with social disabilities were determined using logistic multiple regression analysis and chi-square tests. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping was used to examine the brain regions associated with social disabilities. RESULTS Social disabilities were observed in 12.3% of the patients. Factors associated with social disabilities were the number of surgeries (first vs. second, p=0.0052) and tumor location (left vs. right, p=0.0091). Patients with recurrence and right cerebral hemispheric lesions had a higher probability of social disability (42.1%, p<0.0001) than that of other patients. The reasons for social disability after right hemispheric recurrence were social behavior disorder (62.5%) and neuropsychological dysfunctions (37.5%). Social behavioral disorders include interpersonal problems, such as job switching owing to problems with others, poor interpersonal relationships, and sexually deviant behavior. No other apparent neuropsychological abnormalities were found in patients with social behavior disorders. Surgical resection of the deep part of the right prefrontal area is associated with social behavior disorders and right supplementary motor cortex resection is associated with neuropsychological disorders. CONCLUSION In lower grade glioma, patients with right hemispheric recurrence were more likely to develop social disabilities in the chronic phase, which was caused by social behavioral disorders and neuropsychological dysfunctions.

Neural Pathways of Social Cognition: From Systems Neuroscience to Psychosocial Applications

The neural pathways underlying social cognition form the basis of human interaction, encompassing processes such as empathy, theory of mind, and social decision-making. This research explores the intersection of systems neuroscience and psychosocial applications, unraveling the neural circuits that enable individuals to perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. Key brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, and amygdala play pivotal roles in these processes, facilitating complex functions like perspective-taking and emotional resonance. By integrating insights from neuroimaging, behavioral studies, and computational modeling, this study aims to map the mechanisms that govern social cognition and their disruptions in conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, and social anxiety. The research also emphasizes the translation of these findings into psychosocial interventions, including therapeutic strategies and social skills training programs. Understanding the neural underpinnings of social cognition has far-reaching implications for enhancing interpersonal relationships, fostering inclusivity, and addressing the challenges posed by neuropsychiatric disorders.

Exploring the invisible threads: Social determinants of health and emotional self-perception in Colombia

Introduction: Mental health is essential for overall well-being, but it is affected by disorders such as depression and anxiety, which are highly prevalent both globally and regionally. The prevalence of these disorders has risen due to factors such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, lack of adequate investment in mental health care, and the implementation of low-impact strategies. Objective: To establish the social determinants of health associated with the self-perception of sadness, depression, and/or anxiety in people in Colombia. Materials and methods: Using the DESOSA81 tool, a quantitative, cross-sectional study with a correlational phase was conducted with 2,725 participants from the five regions of the Colombian mainland. Data were collected through a digital survey and analyzed using Jamovi software to perform univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses (logistic regression). Results: Heterogeneity was found in the predictive determinants between regions. The Amazon presented the regression model with the highest prediction (R2N = 0.650), while Orinoco had the lowest (R2N = 0.503). Conclusion: Among the social determinants associated with a greater risk of sadness, depression, and anxiety, those found to have a significant influence on emotional self-perception are female gender, stress, support networks, and social cohesion. Stress management and interpersonal relationship programs, comprehensive family care strategies, and community support should be strengthened. Furthermore, public policies should adopt comprehensive approaches that go beyond the biomedical paradigm.

O PAPEL DO GESTOR NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

The theme of this study is the role of the manager today, due to changes in organizational culture that require greater capacity: leadership, motivation, spirituality, mastery of interpersonal relationships between the manager and his/her employees, in addition to the management of administrative, financial and human resources, in the constant struggle to promote greater productivity and benefits for the company and employees. The objective was to demonstrate the importance of the role of a manager for an organization to be efficient and remain competitive in the global market. Based on a review of updated literature, we sought to gather important data on business management and the role of the efficient manager. The deductive method with a qualitative approach and exploratory documentary research technique were used. The sample selection was based on 15 articles relevant to the object of study, to subsequently perform an analysis of these data and develop the theoretical framework. The research corroborated that an efficient manager must have leadership mastery, the ability to motivate his/her team, the ability to motivate, among other attributes. It is hoped that this work, with updated data, will serve as a reference for academics and professionals in the area of ​​Administration.

Correlational Study on Burnout among University Teachers in Hunan, China

Education is a cornerstone of national development in China, essential for fostering scientific self-reliance and social progress. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China aims to transform the country into a global education powerhouse by 2035, with higher education as its focal point. In this context, Hunan Province, home to various big university in the country, must look into reforms to enhance its educational infrastructure and teacher quality, however, numerous issues also exist including job burnout among teachers. This study investigates burnout among university teachers in Hunan, exploring its prevalence and the factors contributing to it. Utilizing a descriptive-comparative-correlational research design, the study surveyed 300 faculty members across different universities, gathering quantitative data on their demographic profiles, levels of burnout, and perceptions of its causes.This research underscores the urgency of addressing burnout to maintain educational quality and advance Hunan’s educational objectives as findings reveal apparent levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal fulfillment among respondents, with burnout intensity influenced by years of working experience. While no substantial differences in burnout were noted based on profile, perceptions of burnout factors varied by job title and experience, suggesting that institutional roles significantly affect burnout experiences. The study highlights a critical need for targeted interventions to mitigate burnout and enhance faculty well-being, emphasizing the importance of supportive management systems, fair compensation, and robust interpersonal relationships. Recommendations include implementing tailored support programs, improving job satisfaction through clearer feedback and emotional support, and fostering a collaborative work environment to promote professional development.

Interpersonal Relationship and Suicide Attempt: The Role of Family and Social Relationship.

This study investigates the role of family and social relationships in cases of attempted suicide in China. Studies, mostly analyzing data from developed countries, have indicated that interpersonal relationships are important predictors of suicidal behaviors. This study's data were derived from a case-control study in China. Family relationships included relationships with spouses, parents, and parents-in-law. Poor family and social relationships were significantly associated with increased risk of attempted suicide in women and men. Depression and social support significantly mediated the association between interpersonal relationship and attempted suicide. Poor relationship with spouse was significantly associated with an elevated risk of attempted suicide. Relationship with parents-in-law was also significantly associated with attempted suicide in women, whereas family relationships played a more important role than social relationships in suicidal behaviors, especially in men. The findings imply that suicide prevention in China could be conducted from the perspective of improving family relationships, especially husband/wife and parents/daughters-in-law relationships.

Challenges, coping strategies, and sources of support available to South African parents with children with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 lockdown: a qualitative study

Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known to be complex and challenging and likely to be exacerbated under conditions of stress and uncertainty. We aimed to explore how parents experienced parenting their child with ASD during the initial COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. We also aimed to identify the coping strategies and sources of support available to them during this time. Using an exploratory qualitative design within an interpretivist paradigm, we interviewed 23 parents of children with ASD between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Parents were recruited from an online support group for ASD in South Africa. Interviews were semi-structured and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis, using ATLAS.ti. We identified five themes: (1) The experience of communicating lockdown rules and disease containment measures to children, (2) Consequences of disruption to routine, (3) Parenting and interpersonal relationships in conditions of confinement, (4) Help-seeking and sources of support, and (5) Finding ways to cope amid a crisis. The findings demonstrate that the initial COVID-19 lockdown placed parents of children with ASD under considerable stress. Disrupted routines and interrupted access to financial, psychological, social, and educational support during the initial lockdown period exacerbated parenting experiences. This study highlights the importance of providing parents of children with ASD strategies to communicate significant change and various forms of support to navigate the negative effects of routine disruptions during conditions of uncertainty and crisis.